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PALS Version A Questions, Exams of Nursing

University College of London (UCL)Nursing

PALS Version A Questions PALS Version A Questions

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 03/09/2026

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PALS Version A Questions |
100% Correct Answers |
Verified | Latest 2026 Version,
Exams of Nursing Assured A+|
Perfect Grades
1. A 5-year-old child presents with lethargy, increased work of
breathing, and pale color. The primary assessment reveals that
the airway is open and the respiratory rate is 30/min, with
crackles heard on auscultation. The cardiac monitor shows sinus
tachycardia at a rate of 165/min. The pulse oximeter displays an
oxygen saturation of 95% and a pulse rate of 93/min. On the basis
of this information, which of the following provides the best
interpretation of the oxygen saturation of 95% by pulse oximetry?
A. Reliable; no supplementary oxygen is indicated B. Reliable;
supplementary oxygen should be administered
C. Unreliable; no supplementary oxygen is indicated
D. Unreliable; supplementary oxygen should be administered -
ANSWERS-Unreliable; supplementary oxygen should be
administered
2. A 3-year-old child was recently diagnosed with leukemia and
has been treated with chemotherapy. The child presents with
lethargy and a high fever. Heart rate is 195/min, respiratory rate
is 36/min, blood pressure is 85/40 mm Hg, and capillary refill time
is less than 2 seconds. What is the child's most likely condition?
A. Septic shock
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Partial preview of the text

Download PALS Version A Questions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

 PALS Version A Questions |

100% Correct Answers |

Verified | Latest 2026 Version,

Exams of Nursing Assured A+|

Perfect Grades

  1. A 5-year-old child presents with lethargy, increased work of breathing, and pale color. The primary assessment reveals that the airway is open and the respiratory rate is 30/min, with crackles heard on auscultation. The cardiac monitor shows sinus tachycardia at a rate of 165/min. The pulse oximeter displays an oxygen saturation of 95% and a pulse rate of 93/min. On the basis of this information, which of the following provides the best interpretation of the oxygen saturation of 95% by pulse oximetry? A. Reliable; no supplementary oxygen is indicated B. Reliable; supplementary oxygen should be administered C. Unreliable; no supplementary oxygen is indicated D. Unreliable; supplementary oxygen should be administered -

ANSWERS -Unreliable; supplementary oxygen should be

administered

  1. A 3-year-old child was recently diagnosed with leukemia and has been treated with chemotherapy. The child presents with lethargy and a high fever. Heart rate is 195/min, respiratory rate is 36/min, blood pressure is 85/40 mm Hg, and capillary refill time is less than 2 seconds. What is the child's most likely condition? A. Septic shock

B. Hypovolemic shock C. Significant bradycardia

D. Cardiogenic shock - ANSWERS -Septic shock

  1. A 2-week-old infant presents with irritability and a history of poor feeding. Blood pressure is 55/40 mm Hg. What term describes this infant's blood pressure? A. Hypotensive B. Normal C. Hypertensive

D. Compensated - ANSWERS -Hypotensive

  1. During a resuscitation attempt, the team leader orders an initial dose of epinephrine at 0.1 mg/kg to be given 10. What should the team member do? A. Administer the drug as ordered B. Administer 0.01 mg/kg of epinephrine C. Respectfully ask the team leader to clarify the dose

D. Refuse to administer the drug - ANSWERS -Respectfully ask

the team leader to clarify the dose

  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of respiratory failure? A. Inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation B. Hypotension C. An increase in serum pH (alkalosis)
  1. An alert 2-year-old child with an increased work of breathing and pink color is being evaluated. Heart rate is 110/min, and respiratory rate is 30/min. What would best describe this patient's condition? A. Respiratory distress B. Respiratory arrest C. Respiratory failure

D. Disordered control of breathing - ANSWERS -Respiratory

distress

  1. The parents of a 7-year-old child who is undergoing chemotherapy report that the child has been febrile and has not been feeling well, with recent onset of lethargy. Assessment reveals the following: The child is difficult to arouse, with pale color. The child's heart rate is 160/min, respiratory rate is 30/min, blood pressure is 76/45 mm Hg, capillary refill time is 5 to 6 seconds, and temperature is 103°F (39.4°C). What is the most appropriate intervention? A. Obtain vascular access and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid over 30 minutes B. Obtain vascular access and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid over 5 to 10 minutes C. Obtain immediate blood cultures and chest x-ray D. Obtain expert consultation with an oncologist to determine the

chemotherapeutic regimen - ANSWERS -Obtain vascular access

and administer 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid over 5 to 10 minutes

  1. A 2-year-old child presents with a 4-day history of vomiting. The initial impression reveals an unresponsive child with intermittent apnea and mottled color. Heart rate is 166/min, respiratory rate is now being supported with bag-mask ventilation, capillary refill time is 5 to 6 seconds, and temperature is 102°F (38.9°C). What is the best method of establishing immediate vascular access? A. Two providers may attempt peripheral vascular access twice each B. Three providers may attempt peripheral vascular access once each C. Place a central venous line

D. Place an intraosseous line - ANSWERS -Place an intraosseous

line

  1. What is the appropriate fluid bolus to administer for a child with hypovolemic shock with adequate myocardial function? A. 10 mL/kg normal saline B. 20 mL/kg of 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride C. 20 mL/kg normal saline

D. 10 mL/kg lactated Ringer's - ANSWERS -20 mL/kg normal

saline

  1. An alert toddler presents with a barking cough, moderate stridor, and moderate retractions. The child's color is pink. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? A. Obtain a chest radiograph B. Administer nebulized epinephrine C. Prepare for a surgical airway
  1. A 4-year-old is being treated for hypovolemic shock and has received a single fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg of normal saline. On reevaluation the child remains anxious, with a heart rate of 140/min, a blood pressure of 84/54 mm Hg, and a capillary refill time of 4 seconds. What describes this patient's condition? A. Hypotensive shock B. Compensated shock C. No longer in shock

D. Cardiogenic shock - ANSWERS -Compensated shock

  1. An 8-year-old child had a sudden onset of palpitations and light-headedness. At the time of evaluation the child is alert. His respiratory rate is 26/ min, and his blood pressure is 104/70 mm Hg. A cardiac monitor is applied, and the rhythm below is noted. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? A. Provide synchronized cardioversion at 0.5 to 1 J/kg B. Attempt vagal maneuvers C. Administer adenosine 0.1 mg/kg over 5 minutes D. Administer

amiodarone 5 mg/kg over 20 minutes - ANSWERS -Attempt

vagal maneuvers

  1. A 10-year-old child had a sudden witnessed cardiac arrest and received immediate bystander CPR and defibrillation within 3 minutes. He had a return of spontaneous circulation. The child remains unresponsive and has an advanced airway in place. There is no history of trauma or signs of shock. What is the target range for oxygen saturation for this child?

A. 92% to 100% B. 92% to 99% C. 94% to 99%

D. 94% to 100% - ANSWERS -94% to 99%

  1. A 3-month-old infant with bronchiolitis is suctioned to remove upper airway secretions. The infant's heart rate decreases from 155/min to 65/min as shown below. The infant remains alert, with easily palpable pulses. Capillary refill time is 1 second. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? A. Administer oxygen and ensure adequate ventilation; be prepared to intervene further if heart rate does not increase B. Establish IV/IO access and administer epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IV C. Establish IV/IO access and administer atropine 0.02 mg/kg IV D. Call for help and prepare to provide transthoracic

pacing/transvenous pacing - ANSWERS -Administer oxygen and

ensure adequate ventilation; be prepared to intervene further if heart rate

  1. A 3-month-old infant with bronchiolitis is intubated for management of respiratory failure. During transport, the infant develops bradycardia with a heart rate of 60/min, and the infant's oxygen saturation decreases to 75%. There are breath sounds on the right side, but no air entry is heard on the left side. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? A. Administer epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IV B. Place a chest tube on the left

C. Give epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IO/IV

D. Provide transthoracic pacing - ANSWERS -Give epinephrine

0.01 mg/kg IO/IV

  1. A 3-year-old child is unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless. High-quality CPR is in progress. A cardiac monitor is applied, and the rhythm below is noted. What is the next appropriate intervention? A. Attempt defibrillation with a 2 J/kg shock B. Administer epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg C. Consider placement of an advanced airway

D. Administer amiodarone 5 mg/kg - ANSWERS -Attempt

defibrillation with a 2 J/kg shock

  1. A pulseless 6-week-old infant arrives in the emergency department, and high-quality CPR is in progress. The initial rhythm strip is shown below. CPR continues, and vascular access has been established. What is the next appropriate intervention? A. Administer atropine 0.02 mg/kg IO/IV B. Attempt defibrillation with a 2 J/kg shock C. Administer epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IO/IV

D. Consider insertion of an advanced airway - ANSWERS -

Administer epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IO/IV

  1. A 6-month-old infant is unresponsive and not breathing. What is the maximum time that should be spent trying to palpate the pulse before starting CPR?

A. 10 seconds B. 15 seconds C. 30 seconds

D. 60 seconds - ANSWERS -10 seconds

  1. What is the recommended location to check for a pulse in a 3- month-old infant? A. Carotid B. Radial C. Brachial

D. Cardiac apex - ANSWERS -C. Brachial

  1. A 7-year-old child presents in pulseless arrest. The child's ECG shows the rhythm below. Which of the following describes the patient's condition? A. Ventricular escape rhythm B. Ventricular tachycardia C. Pulseless electrical activity

D. Sinus bradycardia - ANSWERS -Pulseless electrical activity

  1. A 12-year-old child suddenly collapses while playing sports. He is unresponsive and not breathing. Emergency response is activated. The child has no pulse, and CPR is initiated. An AED arrives. What is the most appropriate next intervention? A. Contact the child's family B. Provide CPR for 2 minutes
  1. A 13-year-old patient with asthma just received oxygen and albuterol via a nebulizer. What is the next most appropriate intervention? A. Administer 0.1 mg/kg of adenosine B. Obtain a blood sample to evaluate arterial or venous blood gases C. Reassess breath sounds and clinical status

D. Repeat the albuterol treatment - ANSWERS -Reassess breath

sounds and clinical status

  1. The respiratory rate of a 1-year-old child with respiratory distress has decreased from 65/min to 30/min. The child is more lethargic and continues to have subcostal retractions. What does this change likely indicate? A. Respiratory distress is unchanged B. Progression toward respiratory failure C. Improved respiratory status

D. Neurologic impairment - ANSWERS -Progression toward

respiratory failure

  1. What is the most likely cause of head bobbing in infants? A. Increased respiratory effort B. Improving respiratory status C. Decompensated shock

D. Brain injury - ANSWERS -Increased respiratory effort

  1. Several healthcare providers are participating in an attempted resuscitation. Which of the following is most consistent with the responsibilities of the team leader of the resuscitation? A. Records medications and interventions B. Assigns roles to team members C. Administers defibrillation shocks

D. Provides compressions - ANSWERS -Assigns roles to team

members

  1. Which of the following conditions is appropriate for use of an oropharyngeal airway? A. Conscious with no gag reflex B. Unconscious with a gag reflex C. Unconscious with no gag reflex

D. Conscious with a gag reflex - ANSWERS -Unconscious with no

gag reflex

  1. A child presents with severe respiratory distress, urticaria, stridor, and tachycardia about 10 minutes after eating peanuts. What is the most appropriate initial medication for this child? A. Nebulized albuterol B. Epinephrine IM C. Isotonic crystalloid IV

D. Methylprednisolone IV - ANSWERS -Epinephrine IM

retractions, and agitation. What is the most appropriate intervention for this child? A. Lay the child flat on a stretcher B. Suction the mouth and nose C. Administer nebulized epinephrine

D. Administer inhaled albuterol - ANSWERS -Administer

nebulized epinephrine

  1. Which of the following oxygen saturations indicates the need for additional intervention? A. 96% on room air B. 95% on room air C. 93% on 4 L of oxygen

D. 97% on 50% oxygen - ANSWERS -93% on 4 L of oxygen

  1. A 3-year-old child presents with a 2-day history of nausea and vomiting. She is alert, with no increase in respiratory effort, and is pale in color. The child's heart rate is 160/min, respiratory rate is 40/min, and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. Her extremities are cool, with sluggish capillary refill. Which term best describes this child's physiologic state? A. Compensated shock B. Cardiogenic shock C. Hypotensive shock

D. Obstructive shock - ANSWERS -Compensated shock

  1. A 3-year-old child presents with dehydration after a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. The child after has received 2 fluid boluses of 20 mL/ kg of normal saline. After the second bolus, the child is alert and interacting. Her heart rate is 110/ min, respiratory rate is 30/min, and blood pressure is 92/64 mm Hg. Her capillary refill time is 2 seconds, and oxygen saturation is 98%. What is the most appropriate next intervention for this child? A. Administer another 20 mL/kg normal saline fluid bolus B. Administer 10 mL/kg of packed red cells C. Continue to monitor and reevaluate the child D. Initiate a dopamine drip of 20 mcg/kg per minute -

ANSWERS -Continue to monitor and reevaluate the child

  1. A 3-year-old child presents with a high fever and a petechial rash. The child is lethargic, has no signs of increased work of breathing, and is pale in color. His heart rate is 180/min, respiratory rate is 30/min, blood pressure is 80/68 mm Hg. Capillary refill time is 4 seconds, and oxygen saturation is 88%. Airway and lungs are clear. Peripheral pulses are diminished. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial intervention? A. Provide 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask B. Obtain IV access C. Administer dopamine

D. Administer an antibiotic - ANSWERS -Provide 100% oxygen

via a nonrebreathing mask

B. Carotid massage C. Ocular pressure

D. Ice to the face - ANSWERS -Ice to the face

  1. A 7-year-old child presents with a narrow-complex supraventricular tachycardia, lethargy, and poor perfusion. Pulses are weak and thready. Vascular access cannot be established. What is the most appropriate intervention? A. Unsynchronized shock with 0.5 to 1 J/kg B. Synchronized shock with 0.5 to 1 J/kg C. Unsynchronized shock with 2 J/kg

D. Synchronized shock with 2 J/kg - ANSWERS -Synchronized

shock with 0.5 to 1 J/kg

  1. A 3-month-old infant presents with lethargy and a 3-day history of vomiting, diarrhea, and poor feeding. The initial impression reveals lethargy, increased respiratory effort with retractions, and pale, mottled skin color. Vital signs are as follows: heart rate 210/min, respiratory rate 60/min, and blood pressure 60/40 mm Hg. Peripheral pulses are thready, and capillary refill time is 4 seconds. The cardiac monitor displays the rhythm below. After administration of oxygen and establishment of vascular access, what is the most appropriate intervention? A. Adenosine O.1 mg/kg IV rapid push B. Vagal maneuvers C. Synchronized shock at 0.5 to 1 J/kg

D. IV fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg normal saline - ANSWERS -IV fluid

bolus of 20 mL/kg normal saline

  1. A 3-year-old child is unresponsive, gasping, and has no detectable pulse. CPR is initiated. A monitor is attached, and the rhythm is shown below. What is the appropriate next therapy? A. Attempted defibrillation with 2 J/kg B. Synchronized cardioversion with 0.5 to 1 J/kg C. Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg 10/IV

D. Amiodarone 5 mg/kg 1O/IV - ANSWERS -Attempted

defibrillation with 2 J/kg

  1. A 2-year-old child is in pulseless arrest. The child has received high-quality CPR, 2 shocks, and a dose of IV epinephrine. The next rhythm check reveals the rhythm shown below. What would be an appropriate energy dose for the third defibrillation attempt? A. 2 J/kg B. 2 to 4 J/kg C. 4 J/kg or greater

D. Greater than 10 J/kg - ANSWERS -4 J/kg or greater

  1. A 12-year-old child suddenly collapses while playing sports. He is unresponsive and not breathing. Emergency response is activated. The child has no pulse, and CPR is initiated. An AED arrives. What is the most appropriate next intervention? A. Contact the child's family B. Provide CPR for 2 minutes C. Drive the child to the hospital

D. Use the AED - ANSWERS -Use the AED