Download CTRI Exam Study Guide: Equine, Participant, Lesson & Risk Management, Riding Theory and more Exams Social Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
PATH CTRI EXAM STUDY GUIDE
5 sections - Answers - 1 - equine management 2 - participant/volunteer management 3 - lesson management 4 - risk management 5 - riding theory 1 - equine handling - Answers - 1 - identify unsoundness 2 - manage equine behavior 3 - basic anatomy 2 - participant/volunteer management - Answers - 1 - participant issues 2 - effective teaching 3 - volunteer management 3 - lesson management - Answers - 1 - assess participant suitability 2 - create lesson plan/adjust as needed 3 - progress notes 4 - fit equipment (horse and rider) 4 - risk management - Answers - 1 - safety checks 2 - identify alignment issues 3 - respond to emergencies 5 - riding theory - Answers - 1 - tack up 2 - arena etiquette what influences the topline? - Answers - "tangs"
- training regimen
- age
- nutrition
- genetics
- saddle fit equine behavior (causes and solutions) - Answers - "swerv"
- soundness
- working environment
- equipment fit
- rider balance/behavior
- volunt influences how is topline developed? - Answers - "thlbs"
- transitions
- hills
- lateral movement (leg yields)
- bending
- body stretches what ensures equine wellness? - Answers - - breaks
- workload
- pairing (with participants)
- relationships
- stressors
- routine
- fitness
- nutrition front conformation - Answers - "wcs hds"
- width of chest
- correctness of legs
- spring of rib
- head
- depth of body
- symmetry rear conformation - Answers - "mcds"
- muscle definition
- correctness of legs
- depth of body
- symmetry side conformation - Answers - "bcn tpl dj"
- balance/symmetry
- correctness of legs
- neck length/thickness
- topline length and lie
- legs length of bone
- depth of body
- joint angles way of going conformation - Answers - uwfff unsoundness, way of going, footfall patterns on two tracks, freedom of movement/bend, frame bowed tendon - Answers - - unsoundness
- Thickening of the back of the leg above the fetlock bone spavin - Answers - - unsoundness
- bony enlargement at the base and medial surface of the hock
warts - Answers - - blemish windpuffs - Answers - - blemish
- excessive amount of synovial fluid in the fetlock joint capsule and/or tendon sheath, cool to the touch curb - Answers - - blemish and unsoundness
- soft tissue swelling - hock sidebone - Answers - - blemish and unsoundness
- Ossification of the lateral cartilage on either side of the coffin bone within the hoof. splint - Answers - - blemish and unsoundness
- bony enlargement between knee + fetlock week 1 training program - Answers - alone week 2 training program - Answers - volunteers week 3 training program - Answers - rough week 4 training program - Answers - distractions 3 reasons to remove eq from mounted work - Answers - - unsoundness
- behaviors
- environment unsoundness - Answers - affects usefulness / way of moving blemish - Answers - defect - hurts appearance but not working ability 4 reasons for mouthy behavior - Answers - "eiuu"
- equipment fit
- improper handling
- unsoundness
- unbalanced rider 5 key points of evaluation for potential equine - Answers - "btshm"
- behavior
- temperament
- size
- height
- movement bursa - Answers - hock
deep flexor - Answers - pastern abcess - Answers - - localized bacterial infection
- leg swelling
- warm hooves
- walk on toe
- pulses near pastern arthritis - Answers - - swollen, tender, fluid filled joints
- swelling
- heat
- lameness
- stiffness narrow, shortened steps ADHD - Answers - - inattentive/hyperactive/mixed
- impulsivity/impatience "sarquic"
- sensory needs
- ask questions after instructions
- redirection
- quick pace, frequent changes
- decrease distractions
- independence
- maintain close proximity cerebral palsy - Answers - - motor disability from brain damage
- high/low muscle tone
- involuntary movement (dyskinetic CP)
- head/trunk control problems (cannot be supported with external support)
- atypical reflexes (safety hazard)
- hip disorders (cannot ride safely)
- g tube (precaution)
- spinal curvature
- skin breakdown
- spasticity: narrow horse, increased warmup, dis/mount
- balance: avoid sudden transitions and small circles
- communication (consult with SLP) AFOs should be worn
- trotting contraindication for decreased trunk/neck control
- shorten ride time to prevent fatigue sensory processing disorder - Answers - - unexpected responses
- gravitational insecurity (extreme response to having feet off ground)
effective teaching technique - Answers - - specific
- timely
- accurate
- what
- how
- why auditory learning - Answers - task analysis, music, bells on equine, clap hands visual learning - Answers - demonstrate, colored tape, pictures kinesthetic learning - Answers - tapping, ground poles, practice autism spectrum disorder - Answers - - non-responsive equine calm w/ movement
- language, social interaction
- restricted interests, repetitive actions
- sensory input
- decreased danger awareness (carefully monitor)
- expressing discomfort (nonverbal- precaution)
- aggressive, self injury, unsafe (contraindication)
- noncompliance with helmet (contraindication)
- severe sensory needs uncontrolled seizures (contraindication)
- routine
- limit distractions
- multisensory instruction
- limit verbal input
- quiet processing time
- give choices
- "first...then"
- ignore unwanted behav, reward wanted behav intellectual disability - Answers - - problem solving, memory, reasoning
- self care, adl
- danger awareness (increase supervision)
- behavior problems
- low muscle tone, trunk strength, coordination
- communicate discomfort (precaution)
- multisensory teaching
- quiet processing time
- routine
- task analysis
- check for understanding
- redirection
- setting goals, making decisions postural corrections are most effective when... - Answers - they include a why explanation attention challenges - Answers - - active movement
- tack that challenges balance
- promote independence
- trot/turns
- several short activities
- sidewalker for support delayed processing - Answers - - give processing time
- follow another rider
- teach skill before mount
- use repetition
- use all 3 learning preferences communication challenges - Answers - - consistent system of communication
- establish clear communication
- neg behav = frustration train volunteer in communication system high muscle tone - Answers - - longer warmup
- dis/mount techniques that do not increase town
- narrow horse, smooth gait
- equipment to accommodate mounting
- side pull, loop reins, english saddle, elastic bands low muscle tone - Answers - - weight bearing activities (half-seat, posting)
- change of pace within and between gates
- wide horse, concussive gait
- equipment with more support (western saddle) sensory sensitivity - Answers - - give sensory input
- trot
- variety of riding environments
- horse: forward moving
- equipment close to horse for more movement (bareback pad) effective praise - Answers - - contingent
- specific
- follow through
- goals
- weight/height
- meds
- seizure
- communication initial assessment - Answers - "hhcdds"
- helmet
- horse interaction
- communication
- directions
- dis/mount
- separation down syndrome - Answers - - aai
- neurologic symptoms
- heart defects
- microcephaly
- nonverbal
- size
- multisensory
- quiet processing
- task analysis
- choices participation criteria - Answers - "bchh pssw"
- benefits
- contra
- head/trunk control
- helmet
- pain; communication
- safety
- sit astride independent; range of motion
- weight goals - Answers - - broad, long range
- big picture, destination objectives - Answers - - road maps to destination
- breakdown of steps
- action words SMART goals - Answers - - specific
- measurable
- attainable
- relevant
- time bound specific goal - Answers - who, what, where, when, why, which measurable goal - Answers - how much, how many, how know accomplished attainable goal - Answers - - how accomplish
- how realistic relevant goal - Answers - - assist progression of skills lesson plan - Answers - - objective
- equipment
- volunteers
- dis/mount
- pre riding activity
- warm up
- task analysis
- skill explanation
- practice
- progression
- cool down
- conclusion
- reflection natural aids - Answers - leg, hands, weight, voice saddle fit - Answers - "bbgl psttw"
- balance
- billet alignment
- gullet width
- length (last floating, 18th)
- panel contact
- straightness
- tree angle
- tree width
- wither clearance (2-3) precaution - Answers - additional investigation - outside contact - modify, equip, re-eval contraindication - Answers - inappropriate for activity - temp/perm ladder reins - Answers - steps gaming reins - Answers - nylon
pulse TPR - Answers - 28 - 44 bpm respiration TPR - Answers - 10 - 24 breaths p min muscle tone - Answers - resting tension - readiness to contract w/o excess slack/shortening heaves - Answers - cough, breathing, wheezing, nasal discharge cushings - Answers - coat length/shedding laminitis lethargy sweating weight loss drinking/urinating bridles utilize these pressure points - Answers - nose, roof of mouth, poll, NOT cheek balanced seat - Answers - requires minimum muscular effort to remain in saddle, interferes least w horse's movement/balance bight of the reins - Answers - passes thru fingers out top of hand collected gait - Answers - on the bit neck raised an arched light forehand, engaged hindquarters shorter strides, lighter conformation - Answers - physique - how horse is put together makes a horse able to work well and stay sound even with hard work cross firing - Answers - gait defect - inside hind foot strikes diagonal foreleg extended gait - Answers - Covering as much ground as possible, lengthening strides to the utmost while maintaining the same rhythm. forehand - Answers - front of horse: head, neck, shoulders, forelegs in front of the center of gravity forward seat - Answers - Style of riding that permits the rider to sit closer to the forehand and permits adjustment of the center of gravity forward to negotiate obstacles and remove the weight (seat) from the saddle when necessary. half pass - Answers - A variation of travers, executed on the diagonal instead of along the wall. The horse, slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider, should be as
close as possible parallel to the long sides of the arena, the forehand slightly in advance of the quarters. hand gallop - Answers - An extended canter, but the horse remains collected, unlike the flat-out run when the horse's gait almost returns to a four-beat status. head carriage - Answers - Refers to the position in which the head and neck are carried relative to the parallel. An ideal head carriage should have the neck parallel to the ground to slightly above the parallel. headset - Answers - refers to the position in which the head and neck are carried relative to the parallel. (ideal: parallel/slightly above) impulsion - Answers - Engagement of the hind legs and rounding of the back, allowing the horse to move forward with greater energy. lateral bend - Answers - horses ability to curve or bend its body from head to tail lateral movement - Answers - work on two tracks, in which the horse is bent uniformly from poll to tail and moves with the forehand and quarters on two different tracks travers - Answers - haunches in. horse is lightly bent around the inside rider leg. outside legs pass in front of inside legs. horse looking in the direction of movement. straight line to 30 degrees renverse - Answers - haunches out half pass - Answers - travers on a diagonal pace - Answers - two-beat gait: lateral limbs strike the ground simultaneously lateral base of support and period of suspension with all four feat off the ground occurring between each beat rein back - Answers - Backward movement in which hooves are raised and set down almost simultaneously by diagonal. rollback - Answers - a series of movements that blend together to look like one movement incorporates a run/lope, balanced stop, fast smooth 180 pivot, and fast break into run/lope shoulder in - Answers - the horse is slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider, inside legs pass and cross in front of the outside legs. horse is looking away from the direction of movement
edema - Answers - swelling external rotation - Answers - away from midline hips: thigh turn away, knees out flaccid - Answers - lack of tension spinal cord injury flexion - Answers - bending hemiplegia - Answers - one side of body brain injury, cerebral palsy hyperextension - Answers - straighten joint beyond normal position hypertonia - Answers - increased resting tension difficult to move hypotonia - Answers - decreased resting tension greater effort to hold up against gravity internal rotation - Answers - inward toward midline knee point together kinesthesia - Answers - conscious perception of extent, direction, position, weight, movement of body in space proprioception, vestibular kyphosis - Answers - abnormal spinal curvature - excessively round upper back lateral flexion - Answers - movement sideways away from midline trunk lordosis - Answers - abnormal spinal curvature excessive arched lower back medial - Answers - center occlude - Answers - close up, block off ocular control - Answers - vision fixation - holding eyes still visual tracking - follow movement focus - rapidly change from near to far orthosis - Answers - brace/support
paralysis - Answers - los of movemment, sensation brain/spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy paraplega - Answers - legs paresis - Answers - partial, incomplete paralysis muscle weakness perseveration - Answers - persistence of one reply, idea, motor response - excessive repetition praxis - Answers - skill, performance of purposeful movement that involves motor planning pronation - Answers - turning palm down or sole of foot so weight is shifted to arch proximal - Answers - nearer the trunk quadriplegia - Answers - paresis, paralysis of trunk and all four extremities brain/spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, degenerative illness rotation - Answers - pelvic, spinal rotation femur at hip joint scoliosis - Answers - atypical lateral curvature of the spine sensory integration - Answers - skill and performance in processing and responding to sensory input, motor input, sensory feedback shoulder girdle - Answers - shoulder blades, collar bones, breast bone spasticity - Answers - excessive resting tension subluxed - Answers - partially dislocated supination - Answers - turn pal up, shift weight to outer edge of foot supra malleolar orthosis - Answers - foot ankle brace thoracolumbosaral orthosis - Answers - back brace visual motor integration - Answers - skill and performance combining visual input w purposeful voluntary movement eye hand coordination visual spatial awareness - Answers - perceiving distances between and relationships among objects
Signs of equine stress (other) - Answers - unwillingness to work, frequent defecting, appearing depressed, decreased appetite, making attempts to flee Possible equine stressors - Answers - extreme temps, shifting weather, stall rest, trailering, recovering illness, unbalanced riders, etc. How to discourage equine burnout - Answers - activity and lesson selections, allow for breaks, consistent relationships, fitness programs, routines, monitor stressors, nutrition, enrichment footfall pattern of walk - Answers - footfall pattern of trot - Answers - Footfall pattern of canter - Answers - ineffective praise - Answers - delivered randomly, rewards participation, no information, compares, encourages rider for external reasons, intrudes ongoing process
