NEUROLOGICAL
HEALTH PROBLEMS
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Neurological Signs, Spinal Cord Syndromes, and Pain Management: A Comprehensive Overview, Lecture notes of Pathophysiology
An overview of various neurological signs, reflexes, and spinal cord syndromes, including brudzinski sign, kernig sign, spinal shock, autonomic hyperreflexia, anterior cord syndrome, brown-sequard syndrome, bulbocavernous reflex, central cord syndrome, cogwheel rigidity, lead-pipe rigidity, decerebrate and decorticate posturing, diplopia, and hematomyelia. It also covers encephalitis, meningitis, seizures, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als), and different types of pain, nociception, and pain management strategies. Information on the pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, and complications associated with spinal cord injuries, as well as the role of rehabilitation in managing these conditions.
Typology: Lecture notes
2024/2025
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NEUROLOGICAL
HEALTH PROBLEMS
Content Coverage
Definition – Self Study Risk Factors Associated with Neurological Health Problems- Self Study Increased intracranial Pressure (ICP) – Self Study intracranial Hematomas- Self Study Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)/Stroke Spinal Cord Injuries - Self Study Encephalitis Meningitis Seizures Guillain-Barre Syndrome Myasthenia Gravis Parkinson's Disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)- Self Study Pain Alzheimer's Disease
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/pB_icL51qtw
Brudzinski sign
neck pain and hip and knee flexion that occur when neck is flexed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ueX6ZL6TPc
Kernig sign
flexion of hip and knee and then extension of leg causes hamstring pain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsXCXa_BhDw
spinal shock
a neurophysiologic cessation of all or nearly all reflexes below level of injury (^) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBfsnFOdTHU&t=61s
autonomic hyperreflexia
a life-threatening involuntary response of sympathetic nervous system to a noxious stimulus when there is injury above T https://www.youtube.com/shorts/F0iiqZgeg6Y
Brown-Sequard syndrome
hemi-section of spinal cord; ipsilateral motor loss below level of lesion; ipsilateral loss of position and vibration sense below level of lesion; contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below level of lesion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAI3a4wJ_3k
Bulbocavernous reflex
bulbocaverosus reflex refers to anal sphincter contraction in response to squeezing the glans penis or pressing the clitoris
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU2PzacZCts
cogwheel rigidity
manual manipulation of body parts may take on feel of a cogwheel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xxe2WWWoYI
lead-pipe rigidity
Cataleptic condition during which limbs remain in any position in which placed; smooth, stiff movement
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tWPNan12-U
decorticate
flexor posturing indicating corticospinal tract lesions