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PATHOLOGY STUDY GUIDE - FTCC STATE EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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General Pathology - ANSWER That branch of pathology dealing with the body as a whole, without regard to any particular organ or system is Special Pathology - ANSWER The division of pathology that deals with individual body organs or systems is Pathological Anatomy - ANSWER study of structural changes caused by disease Gross Pathology - ANSWER study of changes in structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eye as a result of disease Clinical Pathology - ANSWER study of disease by means of body secretions, excretions, and other body fluids performed in the laboratory in the diagnosis of a disease Physiological Pathology - ANSWER The study of disease as it relates to body function Medicolegal (Forensic) Pathology - ANSWER study of disease to ascertain cause and manner of death as related to a criminal investigation The importance of an autopsy - ANSWER *Confirm or alter the clinical diagnosis and treatment Advance Medical knowledge and research Assist in medicolegal cases Diagnosis of disease - ANSWER recognition of the nature of a particular disease Prognosis of disease - ANSWER prediction of the outcome of a particular illness Symptoms of disease - ANSWER Subjective disturbances produced by a disease that can be observed by other people Signs of disease - ANSWER visual changes heart rate, swelling around the mouth Syndrome of diagnosis - ANSWER A set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease Exacerbation - onset and duration - ANSWER The severity of a disease has increased Remission onset and duration - ANSWER Temporary cessation of a disease
Congenital onset and duration - ANSWER disease present at birth Acquired - onset and duration - ANSWER present after birth Recurrent - onset and duration - ANSWER after remission the disease starts again Acute - onset and duration - ANSWER diseases that have rapid onset and duration Chronic - onset and duration - ANSWER slow onset and duration Fulminating - onset and duration - ANSWER Rapid & Severe onset and usually fatal Epidemiology - ANSWER Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people. Endemic - ANSWER A disease that is particular to a locality or region. Epidemic - ANSWER A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease. Pandemic - ANSWER worldwide epidemic Sporadic - ANSWER occurring irregularly Prevalence - ANSWER fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time Mortality rate - ANSWER the number of deaths per thousand Morbidity Rate - ANSWER number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period Idiopathic - ANSWER no known cause Infection - ANSWER invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism Communicable - ANSWER A disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another Allergy - ANSWER abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen Febrile - ANSWER diseases characterized by fever Occupational - ANSWER Nosocomial Infection - ANSWER an infection acquired during hospitalization
Mechanical Trauma - ANSWER Trauma from applied force being stronger than the tissue it's applied to Thermal Exogenous - ANSWER Radiation Exogenous - ANSWER Chemical Agents - ANSWER Substances that can interact with the body causing disease such as food additives medications pesticides and industrial chemicals Biological Agents - ANSWER The quantity and type of decomposers (microorganisms, bacteria, fungi, etc.) will affect the rate of organic matter decay and the amount of humus (organic matter) in the soil. Endogenous causes - ANSWER Physiological Immunological Allergies Autoimmune Immune Deficiencies Genetic - ANSWER Hereditary Chromosomal Types of regressive changes - ANSWER Degeneration cellular swelling fatty degeneration amyloid disease Infiltration regressive changes - ANSWER Pigmentation Exogenous Endogenous Calcification Gout Necrosis - ANSWER Causes Types Caseous Gangrene - Moist, gas, dry Regressive Changes - Atrophy - ANSWER Physiological Pathological Regressive Changes - Hypertrophy - ANSWER Physiological Pathological Compensatory
Regeneration - - ANSWER Physiological Pathological Structural abnormalities /birth defects - ANSWER Malformation (anomaly) Spina Bifida Hypoplasia Aplasia Polydactylism Phocomelia Amelia Cleft palate or lip Color Blindness Vascular Nevus Down's Syndrome Congenital Hernia Inflammation - ANSWER Function Causes Physical irritants Chemical Irritants Infectious agents Immunological reactions Malformation - ANSWER defective formation Aplasia - ANSWER absence of a body part Amelia - ANSWER one or more limbs missing hypoplasia - ANSWER proximal portions of the Spina spina bifida - ANSWER congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts Polydactylism - ANSWER an excess number of fingers or toes Hernia - ANSWER Protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it Fistula - ANSWER An abnormal tract or passage leading from one organ to another or from an organ to the skin; usually caused by infection. cyst - ANSWER sac containing fluid Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Mongolism - ANSWER down syndrome