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A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the following fluid compartments?
Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF?
42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n):
decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with:
liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?
Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance.
Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results?
Decreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:
Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected?
Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is:
A. renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with:
Hypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur?
decreased sodium
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?
Primary hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?
acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?
oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
carbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the:
lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in a ratio of:
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment?
heart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
-Confusion -Weakness -Nausea -Muscle twitching
The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
-Weakness -Nausea -Headache -Muscle twitching
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most similar? A) Monocyte B) Macrophage C) Lymphocyte D) Eosinophils
eosinophils
While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the nurse remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
neutrophil
A patient has researched white blood cells on the Internet. Which statement indicates the patient has a good understanding? _______________ contain preformed granules of vasoactive amines. A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Monocytes D) Basophils
basophils
A nurse recalls that monocytes are blood cells that mature (differentiate) into: a. Macrophages b. Neutrophils c. Eosinophils d. Mast cells
macrophages
After birth, red blood cells are normally made only in the:
bone marrow
A nurse is discussing a cell that can differentiate into any tissue type. Which term is the nurse describing?
pluripotent
A hematologist is discussing hematopoiesis. Which information should be included? ________ participate in hematopoiesis. a. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) b. Eosinophils c. Basophils d. Neutrophils
Colony-stimulating factors or CSF
An unstable type of hemoglobin that cannot bind with oxygen is termed: A) Deoxyhemoglobin B) Oxyhemoglobin C) Methemoglobin D) Glycosylated hemoglobin
methemoglobin
A staff member wants to know where the greatest proportion of iron is located. How should the nurse respond? The greatest proportion of total body iron is located in the: a. Erythrocytes b. Spleen pulp c. Bone marrow d. Liver tissue
erythrocytes
After erythrocytes have circulated for about 120 days, they are removed by macrophages, which are mainly in the:
spleen
Which electrolyte will the nurse check to ensure normal platelet functioning?
Calcium
Which of the following nutritional components will the nurse encourage a patient to consume as it is needed for erythropoiesis?
Cobalamin
A newborn baby is diagnosed with a blood disorder in which her platelet count is low. Which of the following does the nurse suspect could be the reason?
Decreased thrombopoietin
A nurse is caring for a patient who cannot clot. Which end product of the clotting cascade is this patient unable to make?
fibrin
A nurse is discussing fibrinolysis. Which information should the nurse share? Fibrinolysis is mediated by:
plasmin
A newborn baby has a clotting disorder that results in her body being unable to produce thrombin. Which of the following phases of platelet degranulation would be impossible? A. Subendothelial exposure B. Adhesion C. Activation D. Aggregation
aggregation
