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PBIO EXAM 3
Which of the following invasive plants interferes with boating opportunities? A.Hydrilla B.Blister rust C.Yellow starthistle D.All of these - correct answer A.Hydrilla If a native species causes harm in an ecosystem, it can be considered invasive. A.True B.False - correct answer B.False A fungal blight led to the disappearance of which tree population from American deciduous forests? A.Gingko. B.Redwood C.Chenopodia. D.Chestnut. All of these. - correct answer D. Chestnut Invasive species must overcome barriers to achieve success. Which of these gets the most support from humans? A.survival in a new environment B.large-scale geographic movement
C.successful reproductive output D.establishment in the new area - correct answer B.large-scale geographic movement IF-AT #23: Which of the following describes a concern about classifying a species as invasive for management purposes? A.The species listed as invasive will then have the potential for becoming endangered. B.Getting rid of the invasive species will also lead to unintentional removal of native plants from the area. C.Some people may value the particular species and want to continue to use or trade that species. D.Removing invasive species leads to a decline in ecosystem services offered in the area. - correct answer C. Some people may value the particular species and want to continue to use or trade that species. IF-AT #24: Which of these is most likely to be classified as an invasive species? A.A domesticated rye that has escaped into wild populations, displacing native species. B.European honeybees used for pollination services but that sometimes sting people. C.An imported grass that is maintained in golf courses. D.A native grass that people do not care for in their yards. - correct answer A. A domesticated rye that has escaped into wild populations, displacing native species. IF-AT #25: Which of these BEST explains how climate change may negatively affect Ash trees in the U.S.? A.Climate change reduces amount of time or area where Ash trees experience freezing temperatures so the Emerald Ash Borer never dies back and the Ash has no time to recover. B.Warmer temperatures will increase the rate of photosynthesis so that the trees will have a greater chance of survival. C.Climate change will increase temperatures in the North, forcing Ash trees to move farther South to avoid further declines in population. D.Climate change has no effect on plant life. - correct answer A. Climate change reduces amount of time or area where Ash trees experience freezing temperatures so the Emerald Ash Borer never dies back and the Ash has no time to recover.
A.Acorn Weevil B.Asian Longhorned beetle C.Forage Looper Moth D.All of these - correct answer B. Asian Longhorned beetle What is the overall goal of the Endangered Species Act? A.To list species as endangered when they are. B.To educate the public about endangered species. C.To protect and recover species that are endangered. D.To create legislation that will regulate trade in endangered species. - correct answer C. To protect and recover species that are endangered. Which of these best describes a species listed as "threatened?" A.A species that is likely to become endangered in the near future. B.A species that is in danger of extinction throughout most of its range. C.A species that is being hunted or harvested illegally. D.All of these. - correct answer A. A species that is likely to become endangered in the near future. Which of these could be lost with the destruction of entire ecosystems? A.food resources B.medicinal resources C.opportunities for tourism D.climate regulation E.all of these - correct answer E. all of these Three of these are factors that are considered before listing a species. Which one is NOT considered?
A.degree of damage to the species habitats. B.organizations willing to fund protective measures. C.the adequacy of existing protections. D.diseases or predators that affect the species. - correct answer B. organizations willing to fund protective measures. IF-AT #26: What happens when the economic benefits to protecting critical habitat outweigh the benefits of protecting the habitat for the species? A.The landowner must comply with the plan that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service developed regardless of the economic cost. B.A special committee can meet and determine whether the benefits of excluding the habitat in question outweigh the benefits of including it. C.The landowner can ignore the rules for taking the species if they do not agree with the plan and believe the species can find habitat nearby. D.The economic benefits will be weighed only if there is just one species at risk if the habitat in question is lost. - correct answer B. A special committee can meet and determine whether the benefits of excluding the habitat in question outweigh the benefits of including it. IF-AT #27: Which of these best describes how land use could be used to feed our growing human population? A.increase land dedicated to biofuel production to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. B.expand the amount of land that is being cultivated for agriculture. C.decrease the amount of land being used for crops and increase the amount of grazing livestock. D.develop sustainable and innovative methods of agricultural production on land that is already in cultivation. - correct answer D. develop sustainable and innovative methods of agricultural production on land that is already in cultivation. Which of these best describes how the US Fish and Wildlife Service protect and recover endangered species and their habitats?
Which of these is the term that describes when flowering occurs in plants based on abiotic factors such as temperature? A.climate B.palynology C.phenology D.transposition - correct answer C. phenology How has growing season changed, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, throughout the 20th century (since early 1900's)? A.shorter B.longer C.no change unable to be determined - correct answer B. longer The migration of plants on the Chimborazo volcano was documented and compared over which time range? A.1702-1802 (100 years) B.1802-2012 (210 years) C.1916-2016 (100 years) D.1950-1960 (10 years) - correct answer B. 1802-2012 (210 years) Which of these has been correlated with plants developing earlier each spring in the mid to late 1900's? A.warmer temperatures B.colder temperatures C.genetic mutations D.all of these - correct answer A. warmer temperatures
IF-AT #28: Which of these statements is correct for the Pan European Phenology (PEP) from 1981-2011? Remember: median (average) for each species is indicated by the black line. 25-75% of individuals fall within the colored box A.Ripening of most fruits now occurs in June. B.Leaf coloring on Birch trees occurs earlier, on average. C.Leaves in most species are developing earlier. D.Agricultural species are now being planted in April. - correct answer C. Leaves in most species are developing earlier. IF-AT #29: Which of these plants in the PEP plots has a median value showing the greatest change toward later leaf color? A.Birch B.Beech C.Oak Horse chestnut - correct answer A. Birch IF-AT #30: What effect on vegetation has been observed due to plant cultivation in lower parts of the Chimborazo volcano? A.agricultural communities have preserved the native species B.the predominant species once found there have declined C.there has been no significant effect on vegetation D.the native species have moved down the hill to lower elevations - correct answer B. the predominant species once found there have declined Which of these is a supporting ecosystem service provided by Eastern forests and woodlands? A.habitat for birds
A.Biosphere Reserves B.Sustainable Forest Sites C.Important Plant Areas D.Dedicated Sustainable Initiatives E.All of these - correct answer A. Biosphere Reserves Which organization manages the Smokey Mountains Biosphere Reserve? A.CITES B.UNESCO C.The United Nations D.US National Park Service - correct answer D. US National Park Service Which of these is a cause of deforestation in Guatemala? A.The Maya Biosphere Reserve B.Expansion of agriculture and ranching C.Declining population in the region D.All of these - correct answer B. Expansion of agriculture and ranching Which biome was most heavily represented in several new biosphere reserves established by Mexico? A.Arctic B.Desert C.Marine D.Forest - correct answer C.Marine IF-AT #31: Which of these best describes a goal of Biosphere Reserves?
A.Establish ex situ conservation strategies for rehabilitating endangered wild animals who are injured. B.Protect the biodiversity of a natural area by prohibiting humans from using the resources there. C.Establish a natural area that can be under the authority of an international organization. D.Use environmentally sustainable practices to protect the area while improving human livelihoods. - correct answer D. Use environmentally sustainable practices to protect the area while improving human livelihoods. IF-AT #32: Which of these describes an effect of multi-use areas on conservation of biodiversity in Biosphere Reserves? A.The local community has greater incentive for forest conservation if they are using the resources. B.Control by local governments discourage people from becoming involved so conservation declines. C.Because the multi-use areas are within the transition zones, they are not expected to follow sustainable practices. D.Multi-use areas are regulated like core areas with almost no use so that there is higher conservation. - correct answer A. The local community has greater incentive for forest conservation if they are using the resources. Which of these best describes a goal of Biosphere Reserves? A.Protect natural and managed ecosystems. B.Promote innovation in economic development to improve human livelihoods. C.Equitable sharing of benefits in communities where reserves are located. D.All of these - correct answer D. All of these Who has the authority over Biosphere Reserves? A.CITES B.The United Nations C.The Biosphere Reserve Committee
D.Endangered Ecosystem E.All of these - correct answer A. Important Plant Area Which of these is an example of a conservation activity in a production landscape? A.Elimination of any pest reduction strategies. B.Forest certification for sustainable practices. C.Adding plants to the endangered species list. D.Extracting timber to help impoverished communities. - correct answer B. Forest certification for sustainable practices. Which of these describes a limitation of seed banks? A.Seed banks do not include genetically diverse plants. B.Not all species can be conserved through seed banks. C.Seed banks are only established in tropical areas. D.Endemic species are not represented in seed banks. E.All of these - correct answer B. Not all species can be conserved through seed banks. IF-AT #33: Which of the following is true of biodiversity conservation? A.The cost of conservation practices has not been compared to the value of ecosystem services. B.The costs of conservation practices is equivalent to the value of ecosystem services. C.The costs of conservation practices are greater than the value of ecosystem services so we must carefully articulate other reasons for these practices. D.The costs of conservation practices are less than the value of ecosystems services and is a good reason to argue for these practices. - correct answer D. The costs of conservation practices are less than the value of ecosystems services and is a good reason to argue for these practices. IF-AT #34: Which of these describes an advantage of in situ compared to ex situ conservation?
A.Saving seeds and storing them in seed banks will help prevent extinction. B.Cultivating plants to sell to consumers while providing education supports conservation. C.Maintaining species in their natural area allows evolutionary processes to continue. D.Greater genetic diversity can be maintained with careful breeding in research facilities. - correct answer C. Maintaining species in their natural area allows evolutionary processes to continue. The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation is a framework for addressing targets for conservation at an international level. This was initiated by which of these? A.The US Fish and Wildlife Service B.The EPA C.The Convention on Biological Diversity D.The Union of Concerned Scientists E.The Wildflower Fund - correct answer C. The Convention on Biological Diversity Which of these describes a recommendation in the CBD report to make in situ conservation more successful? A.Include a greater variety of ecosystems. B.Protect more forests. C.Put less emphasis on coastal ecosystems. D.Protect habitats of animal species. - correct answer A. Include a greater variety of ecosystems. If consumers are interested in purchasing sustainably harvested forest products, they can look for which of these? A.Products made without wood. B.US Fish and Wildlife certified timber. C.Sweet corn with an Organic Certification.
C.CITES
D.Organic - correct answer B.FairWild Which best describes a practice that would be important in the sustainable use of wild plants and products that arise from them? A.Establishing factories within the countries of origin B.Development of the landscape to be more profitable for the people. C.Protection of the environment, including limiting waste. D.Employing the expertise of successful businesses in the U.S. - correct answer C.Protection of the environment, including limiting waste. IF-AT #35: Which of these describes a strategy for conserving crop genetic diversity? A.saving seeds that represent the most economically important crops. B.promoting crop diversity within production systems. C.putting wild crop species on the endangered species list. D.prohibiting breeders from accessing genetic resources contained in seed banks. - correct answer B. promoting crop diversity within production systems. IF-AT #36: Which of these is a way to demonstrate our respect for the value of indigenous knowledge? A.Send delegations to teach English to local communities so that they can disseminate their knowledge about native plants more globally. B.Provide indigenous people with more information gained through scientific research about their local plants. C.Do nothing as the involvement of other cultures will have only negative effects. D.Assist local communities in developing facilities where they can be directly involved in passing on their knowledge to visitors and members of their community. - correct answer D.Assist local communities in developing facilities where they can be directly involved in passing on their knowledge to visitors and members of their community.
IF-AT #37: Which of the following is true of the FairWild standard A.FairWild is a voluntary label that organizations can attach to their products to show their commitment to sustainability. B.All food products with the FairWild label must show that they use organic practices or they cannot be traded internationally. C.Medicinal plants can be labeled as FairWild if the company's practices are confirmed by a third-party certification system as sustainable. D.The FairWild label is restricted to natural products that are sold directly from the people who grew them. - correct answer C. Medicinal plants can be labeled as FairWild if the company's practices are confirmed by a third-party certification system as sustainable. Which of these is a storage bank in the Arctic for seeds of almost every known crop species? A.ICARDA B.Moroccan International Seed Bank C.Svalbard Global Seed Vault D.All of these - correct answer B. Moroccan International Seed Bank What made it difficult to use the seeds stored in the seed bank in Aleppo? A.The seeds succumbed to a fungal infection. B.The Syrian War made it inaccessible C.There was no funding or support available to maintain the facility. D.All of these - correct answer B. The Syrian War made it inaccessible Why should we should conserve wild relatives of plants that we find useful? A.They might become food resources in the future B.They might contain valuable genes for traits we need
