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Immunology Exam 5 Study Guide: B Cell Activation and Antibody Function, Exams of Advanced Education

University of OxfordAdvanced Education

This study guide covers key concepts from pcb 3233 exam 5, focusing on b cell activation, antibody function, and complement pathways. It includes questions and answers on topics such as plasma cell differentiation, b cell co-receptor components, ti and td antigens, follicular dendritic cells, germinal centers, antibody mechanisms, hyper-igm syndrome, cognate interactions, primary focus, cytokine roles, fc regions, bramble receptors, poly ig receptors, transcytosis, passive immunity, immune complexes, adcc, and complement pathways. It is useful for students studying immunology.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/18/2025

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PCB 3233 Exam 5 Study Guide Chapter 9
Know the different cells that can become plasma cells - correct answer ✔✔Activated
B cells
Isotope switched, somatically hyper mutated centrocytes
Memory B cells
What are the components of the B cell co receptor? (CR2 is one of them) - correct
answer ✔✔CR2 - binds to complement deposited on pathogen
CD19 - receptor signaling
CD81 - binds to CD19 and is essential in bringing it to the B-cell surface
What does CR1 do for the co receptor? - correct answer ✔✔CR1 on B cell binds to
C3b on the pathogen that makes it susceptible to cleavage to C3D. CR2 part of the
B-cell co receptor can then bind to the C3D where signal is sent through CD19.
What does TI antigen mean? What makes these different than TD antigens? - correct
answer ✔✔TI means Thymus Independent. This means that B-cells can activate
without T-cell help like infants with DiGeorges syndrome. TI B cells activates through
cross linking.
Describe B cell activation, CD40 ligand, CD40, NFkB, ICAM-1, and IL-4 secretion by T
cells. - correct answer ✔✔
Follicular Dendritic Cells - correct answer ✔✔1. Follicular dendritic cells hold onto
immune-complexes
2. FDC's have CR1 and CR2
3. FDC's lack phagocytic abilities and have extensive s.a
What is in each other FDC zones? (Dark zone/light zone) - correct answer ✔✔Dark
zone
1. Centroblasts - rapidly dividing activated B-cells
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PCB 3233 Exam 5 Study Guide Chapter 9

Know the different cells that can become plasma cells - correct answer ✔✔Activated B cells Isotope switched, somatically hyper mutated centrocytes Memory B cells What are the components of the B cell co receptor? (CR2 is one of them) - correct answer ✔✔CR2 - binds to complement deposited on pathogen CD19 - receptor signaling CD81 - binds to CD19 and is essential in bringing it to the B-cell surface What does CR1 do for the co receptor? - correct answer ✔✔CR1 on B cell binds to C3b on the pathogen that makes it susceptible to cleavage to C3D. CR2 part of the B-cell co receptor can then bind to the C3D where signal is sent through CD19. What does TI antigen mean? What makes these different than TD antigens? - correct answer ✔✔TI means Thymus Independent. This means that B-cells can activate without T-cell help like infants with DiGeorges syndrome. TI B cells activates through cross linking. Describe B cell activation, CD40 ligand, CD40, NFkB, ICAM-1, and IL-4 secretion by T cells. - correct answer ✔✔ Follicular Dendritic Cells - correct answer ✔✔1. Follicular dendritic cells hold onto immune-complexes

  1. FDC's have CR1 and CR
  2. FDC's lack phagocytic abilities and have extensive s.a What is in each other FDC zones? (Dark zone/light zone) - correct answer ✔✔Dark zone
  3. Centroblasts - rapidly dividing activated B-cells
  1. Going through somatic hypermutation and isotope switching/ no BCR on surface. Light Zone
  2. Centrocytes
  3. Slowling non diving B cells with mutated isotype switched BCR.
  4. Express BCR again to test against Ag. What happens to the cells in the FDC zones? - correct answer ✔✔The FDC Zones are located in the Germinal Center In the Dark zones
  5. FDC's secrete - IL-6, IL-15, 8D6, and BAFF for the proliferation of centroblasts and Tcells.
  6. Where Tfh attach to B-cells with their CD40 ligands it induces AID which provides somatic hypermutation and isotope switching of the B cell. In the Light Zones?
  7. Slowly non-dividing centrocyte that will interact with Ag's held by FDC's. How to antibodies function? Do they destroy the pathogen directly or do they tag and cover up things? - correct answer ✔✔Antibodies recruit "destructive, nonspecific" immune system components to the infecting pathogen. Ab's bind and link the pathogen to effector molecules or cells that will destroy the pathogen. They neutralize and activate complement. Opsonize bind to mast cells and basophils. What is the B cells role in its activation? What are the steps of activation in the LN? - correct answer ✔✔To become a plasma cell. Hyper-IgM Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔People who lack CD40 ligand..
  8. Mostly in Males
  1. Link young Ag to molecule or cells that will effect it's destruction. ex. Fc regions on macrophages and neutrophils carry fc receptors.
  2. IgM protests the blood. Bramble receptors (FcRB or FcRN) what do they do and what are they used for? What do they look like? How many are used in the transport of the antibody? - correct answer ✔✔Do..
  3. Transports IgG from blood to extracellular spaces by bramble receptor on endothelial cells.
  4. They look similar striation to MHC I (a1 and a2 bind Fc region).
  5. Know 2 molecules of FcRB or FcRn bind one IgG. Poly Ig receptors - what do they do and what are they used for? Which antibody is able to use these? - correct answer ✔✔IgA Monomeric IgA = helps IgG protect against pathogens Dimeric IgA = made in secondary LT known as the lamina propria and protects epithelia surfaces. Dimeric IgA is bound by a J chain and bound by the poly-Ig receptor on the basolateral surface of epithelial cell. Define transcytosis. - correct answer ✔✔IgA and IgG are transported via Transcytosis. Which antibody is passed across the placenta and provides early immunity to the infant? How does it get across the placenta and which receptor is used? - correct answer ✔✔IgG crosses the placenta directly into the blood stream and is mediated by FcRB. Which antibody is in the breast milk and once in the baby what does it protect? - correct answer ✔✔IgA is secreted in breast milk into baby's gut. Prevents attachment of microorganism to the gut epithelium of baby.

Is anti-venom a passive transfer of Ab? - correct answer ✔✔Yes. Ab's created using a large animal inoculated with the venom. Then Ab's are gathered from the animal and given to snake bit victim. Define passive transfer of immunity. Give an example. - correct answer ✔✔Snake bite on patient. Horse inoculated with weaker venom state. Horse Ab's then taken out then injected into snake bite victim. Passive immunity. What are immune complexes composed of and which cell plays a large role in their uptake and destruction? - correct answer ✔✔Ag binding Ab where phagocytes uptake and destroy them. What is dimeric IgA for and where is it made? - correct answer ✔✔Made in lamina propria. Protects epithelial surfaces. What are the main purposes of Fc receptors? - correct answer ✔✔Deliver Abs to sites where they would not be carried by blood and lymph circulation. Attach immune complexes to effector cells to destroy pathogens. What is ADCC? - correct answer ✔✔Antibody - dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. Fc receptor activate Nk cells to destroy ADCC. Know all three complement pathways. - correct answer ✔✔Alternative Lectin Classical What enzyme starts each of the pathways? (complement pathway) - correct answer ✔✔Alternative = C3 made in liver then spontaneous hydrolysis occurs giving iC which binds to factor B.. Lectin = MBL which activates MASP-2 which cleaves C4 then C2 then C3. Classical = 1 IgM or 2IgG need to bind C1q. What molecule/s need to bind to start each of the pathways? (complement pathways) - correct answer ✔✔

  1. Leaving C3bBb (C3 convertase alt)