Download Key Educational Concepts and Definitions for PreK-4 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
PECT PreK-4 All Modules
Explicit instruction - correct answer Direct, skill-based, holistic, in context, developmentally appropriate, student centered and directed Formative assessment - correct answer provides ongoing feedback, identifies strengths, weaknesses, and target areas, low stakes, addresses problems immediately Summative assessment - correct answer evaluates learning at the end of a unit and compares it against some standard or benchmark, high stakes, (midterm, final, paper) Scaffolding - correct answer Promotes deeper level of learning, support tailored to needs of student (modeling, coaching) that is gradually removed Inquiry-based learning - correct answer poses questions, problems or scenarios - rather than simply presenting established facts; assisted by a facilitator Assessment anchors - correct answer tools to better align curriculum, instruction, and assessment practices LEA (Language Experience Approach) - correct answer combines all 4 language skills, aids fluency, centered around learner generated text. Step 1) A shared experience, 2) creating the text, 3) read and revise, 4) read and reread, 5) extension Receptive language - correct answer the ability to understand or comprehend language heard or read Expressive language - correct answer being able to put thoughts into words and sentences that make sense and are grammatically accurate
Family systems theory - correct answer (Dr. Murray Bowen) individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as a part of their family, which is an emotional unit Constructivist Approach - correct answer the learner is an active participant in building understanding and knowledge. Use hands-on exploration with concrete materials. Realistic and relevant learning situations. Uses scaffolding Alphabetic principle - correct answer the understanding that the letters used in writing represent the component sounds in spoken words Informal assessment - correct answer Sometimes referred to as criterion referenced measures. Performance is not being evaluated against established standards or rubrics, not data driven. Content and performance driven. (anecdotal notes, teacher observations, running records, rubric scores, etc.) Used to inform instruction. Formal assessment - correct answer Assess overall achievement, compare student performance with others at their grade or rangeHave data which support the conclusions made from the test (standardized measures). Use statistics. Data is mathematically computed and summarized. Scores are percentiles, stanines, or standard scores. Diphthong - correct answer a sound made by combining two vowels, specifically when it starts as one vowel sound and goes to another (oy in oil). Refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable. Phonological awareness - correct answer Student should be able to recognize and use rhyme, break words into syllables, blend phonemes into syllables and words, identify the beginning and ending sounds in a syllable, and see smaller words within larger words ("cat" in "catalog"). Phonemic awareness - correct answer Student will demonstrate the ability to hear rhyme and alliteration, find the different sound in a set of words, and blend and segment phonemes Complex morpheme - correct answer a morpheme that contains a lexical morpheme (words that have meaning by themselves) and at least one grammatical morpheme
Story map - correct answer a strategy that uses a graphic organizer to help students learn the elements of a book or story. By identifying story characters, plot, setting, problem and solution, students read carefully to learn details Reading rate - correct answer part of the broader umbrella of fluency and is measured in words read per minute, while fluency is a bit more subjective Syntactic - correct answer relating to the rules of language Intonation - correct answer describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. The 3 main patterns of intonation are: falling intonation, rising intonation, and fall-rise intonation Structural analysis - correct answer the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words Cultural diffusion - correct answer the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions, and nationalities has increased with advanced communication, transportation, and technology Institutional development - correct answer the creation or reinforcement of a network of organizations to effectively generate, allocate and use human, material, and financial resources to attain specific objectives on a sustainable basis Bibliography - correct answer complete or selective list of works compiled upon some common principle, as authorship, subject, place of publication, or printer; a list of source materials that are used or consulted in the preparation of a work, or that are referred to in the text Periodical index - correct answer provides access to periodical articles by subject or author; can help you find articles about a specific topic. An index will point you to the correct periodical, the specific date, volume and issue, and page numbers for the article
Civic - correct answer of or relating to a city; municipal, of or relating to citizenship; civil, of citizens Universal suffrage - correct answer consists of the extension of the right to vote to adult citizens, although it may also mean extending that right to minors and non- citizens Author's Purpose - correct answer 3: To entertain, persuade, or inform Branches of the U.S. Government - correct answer Legislative (Congress), Executive (President and Cabinet), and Judicial (Supreme Court) Conservation - correct answer the principle that an object maintains the same size and shape if it is repositioned or divided in certain ways Partitioning - correct answer the division of something into parts. In measurement, partitioning is done with units (meter-centimeter, gallon-quarts, etc.). The level of partitioning used in a measurement affects the precision of that measurement. Transitivity - correct answer a mathematical property stating that if A and B satisfy a relation and B and C satisfy the same relation, then A and C also satisfy the relation. (If A=B and B=C, then A=C) Transitivity allows objects to be compared indirectly, and allows measurements to be consistent in comparisons. Unit iteration - correct answer the repetition of a single unit for a measurement Array - correct answer a systematic arrangement of similar objects, usually in rows or columns Cut score - correct answer is the point that sets that predetermined level; it differentiates between those who pass and those who fail. Multiple cut scores may also be set to more finely separate students into categories (i.e. advanced, proficient, needs improvement, or unsatisfactory)
