Download PEDS Ch. 71 Fundamentals of Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions & Answers (Grade A+) and more Exams Pediatrics in PDF only on Docsity!
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Changes in healthcare delivery have greatly _________ the number of children cared for in hospitals - correct answer ✅Decreased. What has been proven to be the most effective method of promoting the growth and development of healthy children? - correct answer ✅The concept of well-baby and well- child visits for health maintenance or health supervision. Caregivers must be aware of the importance of routine, scheduled trips to a primary provider or community health facility. What does preventive healthcare monitor? - correct answer ✅Growth rates and achievements of developmental milestones, and provides opportunities for early detection of health problems. What do well-child visits allow for? - correct answer ✅-Immunization appointments -School and athletic physicals -Screening for eye and ear problems
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
-Specific complaints of distress or injury -Nurses provide teaching about health, safety, and nutrition issues. -Nurse observes family interactions and notifies physician of dysfunctions. -Nurse gathers information about the relationships within a child's immediate family when they initiate care. -The nurse should consider cultural/religious background. True or False: Basic principles of safety and child care apply for both well and ill children. - correct answer ✅True What does well-child visit information include? - correct answer ✅-Vital signs -Height and weight -Occipital-frontal circumference of the head (to 3 years of age) Plot the child's height and weight on a growth chart that allows comparison with other children of the
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
FAMILY CAREGIVER INSTRUCTIONS: Toddler - correct answer ✅-Dental care: dental visits -Weaning from the bottle -Diet and solid food -Behavior patterns: separation anxiety, negativism, and temper tantrums -Discipline and limit setting -Poison prevention -Toilet training FAMILY CAREGIVER INSTRUCTIONS: Preschooler - correct answer ✅-Eating habits: dawdling over food, "picky" eaters -Night waking, bedtime fears, and nightmares -Development of a positive self-concept and body image -Aggressive behavior and sibling rivalry -Preparation for school -Thumb-sucking; dental care
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
-Care for common childhood diseases What is the Denver-II Developmental Screening Test? - correct answer ✅A tool used to identify developmental delays in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. If a delay is identified or suspected, a more detailed evaluation of the child may be performed. Describe physical examination for children - correct answer ✅The primary caregiver will complete a physical exam that will become a reference point. Many examiners use a head-to-toe checklist, some use a body system approach. When an exception to the established normal trend is noted, it is described in detail on the child's chart. Describe immunizations - correct answer ✅Provides people with temporary or permanent protection against certain diseases. Immunization program begins shortly after the child's birth and should be continued on a regular schedule. Most immunizations can be given even when the child
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
-General activity level -Alertness -Skin color, warmth, and texture -Tone and pitch of the infant's cry -General respiratory status -Fontanels, reflexes -Achievements of developmental milestones Documentation for a well-child checkup for toddlers includes what? - correct answer ✅-Age of weaning from breast or bottle to cup (usually achieved by 12 months). -Ages at which toilet training was started and completed. -Language development. -Play patterns and activities. -Sleep patterns. Discuss w/ family caregivers their child's behavior patterns and the type of discipline they use. Encourage them to begin dental checkups for toddlers
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
as early as 12 months. Teaching requires a strong focus on safety. Describe the physical exam for preschool children - correct answer ✅Focuses on readiness for school. Use a systems checklist to evaluate each child's physical condition. Focus attention also on sleep patterns, safety, and relationships with peers, siblings, and family caregivers. Evaluation of speech, hearing, and vision is critical in the preschool years. Each child must be WNL to facilitate learning. An adequate attention span is essential. Document ability to pay attention, follow directions, and focus on a task. Evaluate gross and fine motor skills. These characteristics are evaluated earlier, but they become a special focus in the preschool examination. Describe the physical exam for school-age children - correct answer ✅Continue to plot heights and weights on the growth grid to compare with children of the same age.
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Their modesty should be respected. Include adolescents in planning and performing care as much as possible to encourage their emerging independence. Health education should include info concerning STIs and prevention, homosexuality, pregnancy, and birth control. They need clear and nonjudgmental info about substance use and abuse, depression, and suicide. At what ages do children often exhibit severe anxiety when separated from home and family? - correct answer ✅From ages 1-5 What kind of statements can you change when caring for a child? - correct answer ✅-"I'm going to take your BP" Instead say "I am going to find out how strong your heat is beating right now." -"I'm going to give you a shot" Instead said "I'm going to give you some medicine."
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
-"This will only feel like a little bee sting" Instead say "This may hurt a little. Hold your teddy bear tightly to help you." Phrase statements so the child knows what to do, not what to avoid. Instead of "Don't cross the street alone" say "Always cross the street with an adult." What are some considerations for children and adolescents n hospitals? - correct answer ✅Older children are able to understand the need for hospitalization, although they often hide many fears. Younger school-aged children may experience fear of separation when they are ill. Most healthcare facilities allow friends to visit, but activities should be regulated to prevent sick teens from becoming overtired. A telephone should be available for the child client; however, rules for its use should be clearly established. Describe family-centered care - correct answer ✅Healthcare personnel encourage family caregivers to remain with children during their
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
adjustment is to prepare children for the experience at their own level of comprehension. Tell them what to expect to help them avoid feeling abandoned or punished. A tour of the facility provides foundation for the child. Encourage caregivers to include the child in packing for the trip. Remind them to be sure to bring along special items. Explain the 3 stages of separation anxiety - correct answer ✅Each phase extends into the next. The goal is for the child to reach a level of acceptance or adjustment to his/her surroundings. -Protest: Child's need for family caregivers is conscious and sorrowful. Child cries and reacts aggressively, rejecting healthcare personnel. Fear of the unknown and anxiety cause the child to demand his/her caregivers. This is normal and denotes healthy attachment. -Despair: Child becomes inactive and sad. Comfort measures include thumb sucking and clutching a blanket. They watch constantly for family caregivers, and they are quiet, withdrawn, and uninterested in food or play.
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
-Denial: May be interpreted as a sign that the child is protecting themselves from anxiety by rejecting family caregivers. In truth, the child's need for caregivers is more intense than ever. REDUCING ANXIETY AND CALMING CHILDREN FOR PROCEDURES: General guidelines - correct answer ✅-Explain the procedure in terms that the child understands. -Explain the procedure to family caregivers. -Never tell the child something will not hurt if it might. -Avoid performing painful or frightening procedures in the child's bed or the playroom. Use the examination or treatment room. The bed/playroom should be a "safe place". -Never make a promise that you can't keep. -Give an analgesic before a painful procedure, if possible. -Crying is a normal response to pain and fear. Never tell a child not to cry because it may shame or embarrass him/her.
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
-Release the thumb for sucking if the infant does not use a pacifier. -Sing repetitious songs softly to encourage sleep. If singing does not work, try whistling. -Rub the infant's arms and back soothingly. -Hold the infant in your arms. REDUCING ANXIETY AND CALMING CHILDREN FOR PROCEDURES: Toddler - correct answer ✅-Let the child play with and explore the equipment before the procedure. -Explain the procedure to the toddler using simple words and short sentences. -Encourage family caregivers to participate by supporting and comforting the child when possible. -Allow the child to hold a security object during procedure. Distract, rather than restrain, whenever possible. -Praise the child for being "helpful." -Allow the child to cry without feeling ashamed.
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
-Allow the child to hold equipment or help whenever possible. -Allow the child to play with equipment after the procedure. REDUCING ANXIETY AND CALMING CHILDREN FOR PROCEDURES: Preschooler - correct answer ✅-Use simple words to prepare the preschooler for sensations he/she will experience. -Use dolls or puppets to explain procedures. -Allow the preschooler to play with the teaching aids. -Ensure privacy for the preschooler. -Encourage the preschooler to talk about the procedure; clarify any misunderstandings or questions. -Encourage the preschooler to help in a reasonable way with the procedure that might help him/her achieve a sense of control. -Verbally praise the preschooler and reward him/her in some way.
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Describe assisting with the physical exam - correct answer ✅The equipment for the physical exam of a child is the same as that for an adult, except that some pieces are smaller. Show the child the equipment and let him/her handle it. If the child is too young, ill, or frightened to understand how to cooperate, use restraints only as a last resort. DATA COLLECTION: Respirations - correct answer ✅-Take respirations before taking other VS, you will be unable to do this if they are crying. -Count for 1 minute. -If they are crying, observe for respiratory distress (skin color, pallor, presence of breath sounds). Signs of respiratory distress include xiphoid retraction, nares dilation, and expiratory grunt. Sites of respiratory retraction include suprasternal, supraclavicular, subcostal, substernal, and intercostal.
Pediatric Nursing Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
DATA COLLECTION: Pulse - correct answer ✅-Children older than 2, take a radial pulse. -Children younger than 2, take an apical pulse. -Count for 1 minute. DATA COLLECTION: Temperature - correct answer ✅-Children older than 6, take oral or tympanic. -Children younger than 6, disoriented, unconscious, in severe respiratory distress, take tympanic, axillary, or rectal. -Do not take rectal for: immune or hematologic disorder, rectal surgery, or diarrhea. -Do not take tympanic for: ear surgery or ventilating tubes or infection. -Use axillary only of other methods are not possible. -Do not use glass and mercury thermometers. DATA COLLECTION: BP - correct answer ✅-Measure the width of the cuff against the width of the child's arm.
