Peds exam 2 questions with complete solution, Exams of Pediatrics

Peds exam 2 questions with complete solution

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2025/2026

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Peds exam 2 questions with complete
solution
1. 1.ID: 14343002164
Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of a 5-month-old infant?
Has a neat pincer grasp
Has a strong grasp reflex
Is able to grasp object voluntarily Correct
Can build a tower of two cubes
2. 2.ID: 14343002147
A parent of an 8-month-old infant tells the nurse that the baby cries and screams whenever the
infant is left with the grandparents. The nurse's response is based on which observation?
The infant is most likely spoiled.
An infant screaming when left with grandparents is a normal reaction for this
age. Correct
An infant screaming when left with grandparents is an abnormal reaction for this age.
The grandparents are not responsive to the infant.
3. 3.ID: 14343002129
An infant is expected to be able to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning by what age?
4 months
6 months
10 months Correct
14 months
4. 4.ID: 14343002121
The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are worried about their baby's
thumb-sucking. The nurse's response should be based on what developmental
information?
A pacifier should be substituted for the thumb.
Thumb-sucking should be discouraged by age 12 months.
Thumb-sucking should be discouraged when the teeth begin to erupt.
There is no need to restrain nonnutritive sucking during infancy. Correct
5. 5.ID: 14343002118
Which is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain?
Rub the infant’s gums with aspirin to relieve inflammation.
Apply diluted hydrogen peroxide to gums to relieve irritation.
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Peds exam 2 questions with complete

solution

1. 1.ID: 14343002164

Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of a 5-month-old infant?

  • Has a neat pincer grasp
  • Has a strong grasp reflex
  • Is able to grasp object voluntarily Correct
  • Can build a tower of two cubes
  1. 2.ID: 14343002147 A parent of an 8-month-old infant tells the nurse that the baby cries and screams whenever the infant is left with the grandparents. The nurse's response is based on which observation?
  • The infant is most likely spoiled.
  • An infant screaming when left with grandparents is a normal reaction for this age. Correct
  • An infant screaming when left with grandparents is an abnormal reaction for this age.
  • The grandparents are not responsive to the infant.
  1. 3.ID: 14343002129 An infant is expected to be able to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning by what age?
  • 4 months
  • 6 months
  • 10 months Correct
  • 14 months
  1. 4.ID: 14343002121 The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are worried about their baby's thumb-sucking. The nurse's response should be based on what developmental information?
  • A pacifier should be substituted for the thumb.
  • Thumb-sucking should be discouraged by age 12 months.
  • Thumb-sucking should be discouraged when the teeth begin to erupt.
  • There is no need to restrain nonnutritive sucking during infancy. Correct
  1. 5.ID: 14343002118 Which is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain?
  • Rub the infant’s gums with aspirin to relieve inflammation.
  • Apply diluted hydrogen peroxide to gums to relieve irritation.
  • Give the child a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation. Correct
  • Have the child chew on a warm teething ring to encourage tooth eruption.
  1. 6.ID: 14343002115
  • Infants older than 6 months of age experience periods of abdominal pain and crying.
  • It is paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by episodes of loud crying. Correct 11.11.ID: 14343000291 Which intervention lowers the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
  • Smoking away from the infant.
  • Putting the infant to sleep in the supine position. Correct
  • Making sure the infant is kept very warm while sleeping.
  • Having the infant sleep with parents instead of alone in a crib. 12.12.ID: 14343000286 Why are infants particularly vulnerable to acceleration-deceleration head injuries?
  • The musculoskeletal support of head is insufficient. Correct
  • The anterior fontanel is not yet closed.
  • Nerve tissue is not well developed.
  • The scalp has extensive vascularity. 13.13.ID: 14343000282 A 6-month-old’s mother is asking the nurse during an office visit for immunizations about what is normal for her infant daughter to be doing. What information given by the nurse is correct? (Select all that apply.)
  • She should be sitting alone leaning forward on her hands. Correct
  • She should be able to roll from her back to her abdomen. Correct
  • She should have been rolling from her abdomen to her back for at least a month. Correct
  • She should be developing the pincer grasp.
  • She grasps objects using all of her fingers in a raking motion. Correct
  • She should be pulling herself up in her crib. 14.14.ID: 14343000277 An 11-month-old is beginning to finger feed himself. What foods would be appropriate for the parents to prepare in bite sizes for him to eat? (Select all that apply.)
  • Cooked carrots Correct
  • Canned peaches Correct
  • Grapes Correct
  • Popcorn
  • Cheese Correct
  • Pretzel sticks
  1. 1.ID: 14343053509 The nurse is discussing toddler development with a parent. Which intervention will best foster the achievement of autonomy in the toddler?
  • Helping the toddler complete tasks.
  • Helping the toddler learn the difference between right and wrong.
  • Providing opportunities for the toddler to play with other children.
  • Encouraging the toddler to do things for self when capable of doing them. Correct
  1. 2.ID: 14343053505 A mother tells the nurse that her daughter's favorite toy is a large, empty box in which a stove was packaged. She plays "house" in it with her toddler brother. What information should the nurse tell the mother about this type of play?
  • This is unsafe play that should be discouraged.
  • It is an example of creative play that should be encouraged. Correct
  • It suggests that there are limited family resources.
  • It is suggestive of limited adult supervision.
  1. 3.ID: 14343053502 Myelination of the spinal cord is almost complete by 2 years of age. As a result of this, what can gradually be achieved by the toddler?
  • Visual acuity of 20/20.
  • Throwing a ball without falling.
  • Slowing of gastrointestinal transit time.
  • Control of anal and urethral sphincters. Correct
  1. 4.ID: 14343053512 Which statement is most characteristic of the motor skills of a 24-month-old child?
  • A toddler walks alone but falls easily.
  • A toddler's activities begin to produce purposeful results. Correct
  • A toddler is able to grasp small objects but cannot release them at will.
  • A toddler's motor skills are fully developed but occur in isolation from the environment.
  1. 5.ID: 14343052599 Which should the nurse recommend to help a toddler cope with the birth of a new sibling?
  • Discourage the toddler from helping with care of new sibling.
  • Give the toddler a doll with which he or she can imitate parenting. Correct
  • Explain to the toddler that a new playmate will soon come home.
  • Prepare the toddler for upcoming changes about 1 to 2 weeks before birth of sibling.
  1. 6.ID: 14343052587 A 2-year-old has recently started having temper tantrums during which the toddler holds her breath and sometimes faints. What should the nurse tell the parents about appropriate intervention for these tantrums?
  • The nurse should refer the toddler for respiratory evaluation.
  • The toddler needs referred for psychological evaluation.
  • Explain to the parents that although these episodes are frightening to them, they are not

12.12.ID: 14343052550

What action can best prevent poisoning in toddlers?

  • Consistently using safety caps
  • Keeping ipecac syrup in the home
  • Storing poisonous substances out of reach
  • Storing all poisonous substances in a locked cabinet Correct 13.13.ID: 14343052545 The parents of a 4-year-old girl are worried because she has an imaginary playmate. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?
  • “Keep watching and if the behavior continues, an evaluation may be needed.”
  • “Imaginary playmates are normal and useful at this age.” Correct
  • “Imaginary playmates are abnormal after age 2.”
  • “I wonder if there is some parent-child conflict happening that you’re unaware of.” 14.14.ID: 14343052542 By what age would the nurse expect that most children would be using sentences of six to eight words?
  • 18 months
  • 24 months
  • 3 years
  • 5 years Correct 15.15.ID: 14343052539 During a well-child visit, the father of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that he is not sure whether his son is ready for kindergarten. The child’s birthday is close to the cutoff date and child has not attended preschool. Which is the nurse's best recommendation?
  • Have the child begin kindergarten.
  • Have the child get a developmental screening. Correct
  • Observe a kindergarten class to see if his son would fit in.
  • Postpone kindergarten and have the child go to preschool. 16.16.ID: 14343052534 When preparing parents to teach their children about human sexuality, what should the nurse emphasize?
  • A parent's words may have a greater influence on the child's understanding than the parent's actions.
  • Parents should determine exactly what the child wants to know before answering a question about sex. Correct
  • Parents should avoid using correct anatomic terms because they are confusing to the preschooler.
  • Parents should allow children to satisfy their sexual curiosity by playing "doctor." 17.17.ID: 14343052531 A 4-year-old girl is afraid of dogs. The nurse should recommend which approach to help the parents assist their daughter to cope with this fear?
  • Keep the child away from dogs.
  • Buy the child a stuffed dog toy.
  • Force the child to touch a dog briefly.
  • Let the child watch other children play with a dog. Correct 18.18.ID: 14343052528 A 4-year-old child is having an increase in angry outbursts in preschool. The child is very aggressive toward the other children and the teachers. This behavior has been a problem for approximately 8–10 weeks. The child’s parents ask the school nurse for advice. What is initial intervention by the school nurse?
  • Find out if there is anything different happening at home. Correct
  • Explain that this is normal in preschoolers.
  • Encourage the parents to try more consistent and firm discipline.
  • Talk to the preschool teacher to obtain validation for behavior that the parent reports. 19.19.ID: 14343052525 A 4-year-old girl lies down and goes to sleep without any parental intervention, but she sometimes wakes her parents at night by screaming, thrashing, sweating, and appears frightened. The child is not aware of her parents' presence when they check on her. What information can the nurse provide to the parents about this occurrence?
  • Their child is having a nightmare.
  • Their child is experiencing mild sleep apnea.
  • These behaviors are characteristic of a night terror. Correct
  • Their daughter is having nocturnal seizure activity. 20.20.ID: 14343052522 The parents of 9-year-old twins tell the nurse, "The twins have filled up their bedroom with collections of rocks, shells, stamps, and cars." What information should the nurse give the parents?
  • This collecting behavior is indicative of giftedness
  • Collecting is characteristic of "twin" behavior.
  • This is characteristic of the cognitive development at this age. Correct
  • This is characteristic of psychosocial development at this age. 21.21.ID: 14343052519 Which best describes the 4-year-old's concept of death?
  • Death is temporary. Correct

2. 2.ID: 14343150861

Which is an important consideration related to childhood stress?

  • Children do not have coping strategies.
  • Children should be protected from stress.
  • Parents cannot prepare children for stress.
  • Some children are more vulnerable to stress than others. Correct
  1. 3.ID: 14343150868 The school nurse is asked to speak with the parents of a 10-year-old boy who has been bullying other children. What response by the nurse is based on what knowledge about children this age?
  • Bullying at this age is considered normal.
  • Children who bully others usually join gangs.
  • Children who bully others usually have low self-esteem.
  • Bullies often have difficulties developing and maintaining relationships. Correct
  1. 4.ID: 14343150857 The parents of an 8-year-old girl tell the nurse that their daughter wants to join a soccer team. What guidance would be appropriate for the nurse to share with the parents?
  • Organized sports, such as soccer, are not appropriate at this age.
  • Competition is detrimental to the establishment of a positive self-image.
  • Sports participation is encouraged if the sport is appropriate to the child's abilities. Correct
  • Girls should compete only against girls because at this age boys are larger and have more muscle mass.
  1. 5.ID: 14343150854 What nursing intervention to promote health during middle childhood would be appropriate?
  • Stress the need for increased calorie intake to meet increased demands.
  • Instruct parents to defer questions about sex until the child reaches adolescence.
  • Reinforce the need for good dental hygiene because these are the years in which permanent teeth erupt. Correct
  • Advise parents that the child will need decreasing amounts of rest toward the end of this period.
  1. 6.ID: 14343150851 Which is an important consideration in preventing injuries during middle childhood?
  • Most injuries occur in or near school or home. Correct
  • Peer pressure is not strong enough to affect risk-taking behavior.
  • Injuries from burns occur with the highest frequency at this age because of the fascination with fire.
  • Lack of muscular coordination and control results in an increased incidence of injuries.

7. 7.ID: 14343150848

Which is descriptive of the social development of school-age children?

  • Identification with peers is minimal.
  • Children frequently have "best friends." Correct
  • Boys and girls play equally well with children of either gender.
  • Peer approval is not yet an influence toward conformity.
  1. 8.ID: 14343150845 The school nurse is discussing dental health with children in first grade. Which information should the nurse include in the presentation?
  • Teach the children how to floss teeth properly.
  • Recommend using a toothbrush with hard nylon bristles.
  • Emphasize the importance of brushing before bedtime. Correct
  • Recommend using nonfluoridated toothpaste approved by the American Dental Association.
  1. 9.ID: 14343150842 How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys?
  • In girls, it occurs about 1 year before it appears in boys. Correct

  • In girls, it occurs about 3 years before it appears in boys.

  • In boys, it occurs about 1 year before it appears in girls.

  • It is about the same in both boys and girls. 10.10.ID: 14343150839 A 12-year-old child being seen in the clinic has not received the vaccine for the hepatitis B virus (HBV). What recommendation should the nurse make?

  • One dose of HBV vaccine is needed at age 14 years.

  • The three-dose series of HBV vaccine should be started. Correct

  • Only one dose of HBV vaccine will be needed sometime during adolescence.

  • The three-dose series of HBV vaccine should be started at age 16 years or sooner if the adolescent becomes sexually active. 11.11.ID: 14343150834 A condition in which the teeth are crowded, crooked, or out of alignment is known as . Correct Correct Responses

  • Malocclusion

  • Testicular enlargement. Correct

  • Growth of dark pubic hair.

  • An increasing penis size.

  1. 5.ID: 14341906270 The nurse observes that a 13-year-old male has gynecomastia (breast enlargement). How should the nurse explain this to this adolescent?
  • It denotes there is too much body fat.
  • It is a sign of hormonal imbalance.
  • It is a normal occurrence during puberty. Correct
  • It indicates of precocious puberty.
  1. 6.ID: 14341906249 Which is most descriptive of the spiritual development of the older adolescent?
  • The beliefs become more abstract. Correct
  • Strict observance of religious customs is common.
  • Rituals and practices become increasingly important.
  • Emphasis is placed on external manifestations, such as whether a person goes to church.
  1. 7.ID: 14341906246 A 16-year-old adolescent male tells the school nurse that he is gay. What is the best response from the nurse?
  • “You are too young to have had enough sexual activity to determine this matter.”
  • “It is important for you to be able to talk with someone about this in a comfortable setting.” Correct
  • “I think you need to talk about this to a male counselor or teacher who you trust.”
  • “Homosexual adolescents do not have concerns that differ from heterosexual adolescents.”
  1. 8.ID: 14341906243 When discussing sex and sexual activities with adolescents, what approach should the nurse use?
  • Use scientific terminology to convey content.
  • Present normal body functions in a straightforward manner. Correct
  • Refer the adolescents to their parents for sexual information.
  • Defer giving information about pregnancy unless the adolescents are sexually active.
  1. 9.ID: 14341906240 Which consideration is important for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents?
  • Adolescents generally are not risk-takers.
  • Adolescents can anticipate the long-term consequences of serious injuries.
  • During adolescence, a need exists for discharging energy, often at the expense of logical thinking. Correct
  • During adolescence, participation in sports should be limited to prevent permanent injuries. 10.10.ID: 14341906273 The school nurse is teaching a class on injury prevention. Which should be included when firearms are discussed?
  • Adolescents are too young to use a gun properly for hunting.
  • Gun carrying among adolescents is on the rise, primarily among inner-city youth.
  • Non-powder guns such as air rifles and BB guns are a relatively safe alternative to powder guns.
  • Adolescence is the peak age for ending up as victim or offender in the case of injury involving a firearm. Correct 11.11.ID: 14341906237 Which is considered one of the best strategies to prevent smoking in teenagers?
  • Emphasizing immediate effects of smoking Correct
  • Emphasizing long-term effects of smoking
  • Promoting large-scale public information campaigns
  • Threatening the social norms of groups most likely to smoke 12.12.ID: 14341906282 A 16-year-old girl tells the school nurse that she has not started to menstruate yet. The onset of secondary sexual characteristics occurred in this girl about three years ago. The appropriate action by the nurse is to
  • Explain that this is not unusual
  • Refer the adolescent for an evaluation Correct
  • Assume that the adolescent is pregnant
  • Suggest that the adolescent stop exercising until menarche occurs 13.13.ID: 14341906234 In planning sex education and contraceptive teaching for adolescents, what information should the nurse consider?
  • Both sexual activity and contraception require planning.
  • Most teenagers today are knowledgeable about reproductive anatomy and physiology.
  • Most teenagers who become pregnant do so as an act of hostility, especially toward their parents.
  • Teenagers need contraception education in oral, visual, and written forms. Correct 14.14.ID: 14341906231 A sexually active adolescent asks the school nurse about prevention of sexually transmitted
  • It is maladaptive.
  • It prevents a sense of hope.
  • It is a necessary cushion to prevent disintegration. Correct
  • It prevents the mobilization of energies toward goal-directed, problem-solving behavior.
  1. 2.ID: 14367804536 A nurse is caring for a child dying from cancer. Which physical sign indicates that the child is approaching death?
  • Rapid pulse
  • Change in respiratory pattern Correct
  • Sensation of cold although the body feels hot
  • Loss of hearing followed by loss of other senses
  1. 3.ID: 14367804533 A case manager is assigned to coordinate the care of a child with a complex medical condition, including controlling cost. What term should the nurse use when explaining the need for controlling cost?
  • Unsafe
  • Realistic Correct
  • Impossible
  • Inappropriate
  1. 4.ID: 14367804530 A pediatric nurse is counseling parents regarding the home care of a child with a cardiac defect before corrective surgery. What information should the nurse stress?
  • Reducing caloric intake to decrease cardiac demands
  • Relaxing discipline and limit-setting to prevent crying
  • The need to be extremely concerned about cyanotic spells
  • Promoting normalcy within the limits of the child's condition Correct
  1. 5.ID: 14367804527 What is an important nursing consideration when caring for a child with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
  • Children with ESRD usually adapt well to the minor inconveniences of treatment.
  • Children with ESRD require extensive support until they outgrow the condition.
  • Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families until the illness is cured.
  • Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families because the children's lives are maintained by drugs and dependent on technology. Correct .
  1. 6.ID: 14367804524

What is the most important goal when caring for a child diagnosed with anorexia nervosa?

  • Encourage weight gain.
  • Correct malnutrition. Correct
  • Limit fluid intake.
  • Prevent depression.
  1. 7.ID: 14367804521 A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old child who has a chronic illness. The child has a tracheostomy and a parent is rooming-in during this hospitalization. The parent insists on providing almost all the child's care and tells the nurses how to care for the child. Based on the nurse’s knowledge of family-centered care, the nurse recognizes that the parent has what need at this time based on concepts of family-centered care?
  • Control of the situation.
  • To assume the nurse's role.
  • To be the expert in care of the child. Correct
  • To minimize independent functioning of the nurse.
  1. 8.ID: 14367804518 The potential effects of chronic illness or disability on a child's development vary at different ages. Which is a threat to a toddler's normal development?
  • Hindered mobility Correct
  • Poorly defined body image
  • Limited opportunities for socialization
  • Sense of guilt that the child caused the illness or disability
  1. 9.ID: 14367804515 Home care is being considered for a child with a serious chronic illness. In preparing the family for discharge, the case manager has the family provide total care for the child while the child is still hospitalized. What is the most important expectation as a result of this strategy?
  • There could be legal issues related to the family caring for the child.
  • The family becomes excited about becoming involved in the care.
  • The child will learn which family member can best meet the physical needs at home.
  • The family learns the essential elements of providing care before going home. Correct 10.10.ID: 14367804510 A 10-year-old girl requires daily medications for a chronic illness. The girl’s mother tells the nurse that she has to nag her child to take her medicine before school. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to promote the child’s compliance?
  • Discuss with her mother the damaging effects of nagging.
  • Suggest "time-outs" when the child forgets to take her medicine.
  • Establish a contract with the child that includes rewards for taking her medicine. Correct
  • Ask the child to bring her medicine containers to each medical appointment so that the pills can be counted.
  • Parvovirus B19 Correct
  • Human herpes virus types 1 and 2
  • Group A β-hemolytic streptococci
  1. 3.ID: 14367652512 The office nurse is taking a history on a child’s illness from the parents. The nurse notes that the parents treated their 7-year-old child appropriately for a fever when they report that they provided what care?
  • Gave aspirin (ASA)
  • Bathed the child in cold water
  • Gave fluids at frequent intervals Correct
  • Gave alternating dosages of acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Motrin)
  1. 4.ID: 14367652507 What is the time interval between early manifestations of disease and the overt clinical syndrome called?
  • The incubation period
  • The prodromal period Correct
  • The desquamation period
  • The period of communicability
  1. 5.ID: 14367652504 What does Standard Precautions for infection control include?
  • Gloves being worn any time a patient is touched.
  • Needles being capped immediately after use and disposed of in a special container.
  • Gloves being worn to change diapers when there are loose or explosive stools. Correct
  • Masks used only when caring for patients with airborne infections.
  1. 6.ID: 14367652500 A child with a depressed immune system due to chemotherapy for cancer has been admitted to the pediatric unit because of possible measles. What would the nurse expect to assess if the child is in the prodrome period of the disease?
  • Confusion, chorea, and conjunctivitis
  • Coryza, cough, and conjunctivitis Correct
  • Coordination problems, clubbing, and contractures
  • Croup, congestion, and crying
  1. 7.ID: 14367650697 A mother calls the pediatrician’s office stating that her 4-year-old son looks like “someone slapped his cheeks” and he’s runny a fever. What would the nurse suspect the child has based on the mother’s description?
  • Fifth disease Correct
  • Rubella
  • Scarlet fever
  • Roseola infantum
  1. 8.ID: 14367650694 A school-aged child is recovering from infectious mononucleosis. What information should the nurse give the mother about activities when he returns to school?
  • The child should eat away from the other children in the lunchroom.
  • Participation in his physical education class should be limited to non-contact sports. Correct
  • Allow the child to rest until he returns to school without worrying about homework.
  • He will be able to return to school full-time when he has his medical release.
  1. 9.ID: 14367650663 The camp nurse is telling a group of campers and their counselors how to avoid insect and tick bites. What information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
  • Dark, long-sleeved shirts should be worn.
  • A hat is helpful when in wooded and grassy areas. Correct
  • Try to stay on paths rather than walking through dense areas. Correct
  • Apply insect repellent lightly on the hands.
  • Ticks should be scraped off the skin.
  • Shirts should be tucked into the pants. Correct 10.10.ID: 14367650688 What is the name of the type of rash seen in Lyme disease with a clear area in its center? Correct Correct Responses
  • bull's eye
  • bulls eye
  1. 1.ID: 14342134404 Which statement is correct about young children who report sexual abuse?
  • In most cases, the child has fabricated the story.
  • Younger children may exhibit various behavioral manifestations. Correct
  • Younger children’s stories are not believed unless other evidence is apparent.
  • Younger children should be able to retell the story the same way to another person.