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Pediatrics Final Exam Test Bank: Questions and Solutions, Exams of Pediatrics

Virginia State University (VSU)Pediatrics

A comprehensive set of test bank questions and solutions for a pediatrics final exam. It covers a wide range of topics relevant to pediatric nursing, including assessment findings, emergency department care, chronic conditions, and neurological disorders. The questions are designed to test the knowledge and critical thinking skills of nursing students preparing for their final exams. Detailed answers and rationales, making it a valuable resource for exam preparation and review. It is useful for students to test their knowledge and understanding of key concepts in pediatric nursing, and to identify areas where they need further study. The questions cover various aspects of pediatric care, such as neurological assessments, medication administration, and management of specific conditions.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 08/29/2025

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Peds: Final Exam Test Bank Questions with
Solution
1.1) Which assessment finding for a 4-month-old infant would require further action by the nurse?
1. The posterior fontanel is open.
2. The infant has good head control when held upright.
3. The infant is able to roll only from abdomen to back.
4. The anterior fontanel is open and soft.: 1. The posterior fontanel is open.
2.2) The nurse is providing care for a pediatric client in the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis of
decreased level of consciousness (LOC) secondary to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which healthcare
provider order should the nurse question?
1. Passive range-of-motion exercises to promote hip flexion
2. Oxygen at 2 L nasal cannula to keep saturation above 95%
3. Hourly vital signs and neurologic checks
4. Elevate head of bed 30 degrees: 1. Passive range-of-motion exercises to pro- mote hip flexion
3.3) A 4-year-old client with intractable seizures has been on a ketogenic diet for the last 6 months, with a
decrease in seizure activity. This child is now admitted to the pediatric unit with left-sided pain. Which possible
complication to this diet does the nurse suspect?
1. Appendicitis
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Peds: Final Exam Test Bank Questions with

Solution

1.1) Which assessment finding for a 4-month-old infant would require further action by the nurse?

1. The posterior fontanel is open.

2. The infant has good head control when held upright.

3. The infant is able to roll only from abdomen to back.

4. The anterior fontanel is open and soft.: 1. The posterior fontanel is open.

2.2) The nurse is providing care for a pediatric client in the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis of

decreased level of consciousness (LOC) secondary to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which healthcare provider order should the nurse question?

1. Passive range-of-motion exercises to promote hip flexion

2. Oxygen at 2 L nasal cannula to keep saturation above 95%

3. Hourly vital signs and neurologic checks

4. Elevate head of bed 30 degrees: 1. Passive range-of-motion exercises to pro- mote hip flexion

3.3) A 4-year-old client with intractable seizures has been on a ketogenic diet for the last 6 months, with a

decrease in seizure activity. This child is now admitted to the pediatric unit with left-sided pain. Which possible complication to this diet does the nurse suspect?

1. Appendicitis

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2. Bowel obstruction

3. Urinary tract infection

4. Kidney stones: 4. Kidney stones

4.4) A child with a history of seizures arrives in the emergency department (ED) in status epilepticus. Which

is the priority nursing action?

  1. Take vital signs.
  2. Establish an intravenous line.
  3. Perform rapid neurologic assessment.
  4. Maintain patent airway.: 4. Maintain patent airway.
    1. The nurse is teaching a mother of a young child with a newly diagnosed seizure disorder. The child is prescribed valproic acid (Depakote) for control of seizures. Which parental statement indicates the need for further education?

1. "I will not use carbonated beverages to dilute his medication."

2. "I will give his medicine on an empty stomach so he will absorb it better."

3. "I will not let him chew his tablet."

4. "I will bring him to the physician's office for regular blood work to check bleeding times.": 2. "I will give his

medicine on an empty stomach so he will absorb it better."

    1. A young child admitted to the pediatric unit has fever, irritability, and vomiting with suspected bacterial meningitis. Which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) result should the nurse anticipate based on these data?

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2. Positioning the newborn in a side-lying position

3. Encouraging the mother to hold the newborn because she will not be able to pick him up after surgery

4. Positioning the newborn in a prone position: 4. Positioning the newborn in a prone position

    1. Which should the nurse include in the plan of care for a hospitalized school-age child with meningomyelocele? Select all that apply.

1. Implementing interventions for a client of normal intelligence

2. Using latex precautions when providing client care

3. Allowing the client to self-catheterize

4. Ensuring that the client has a low-fiber diet

5. Encouraging the client to shift positions hourly when in the wheelchair: 1. Implementing interventions for a

client of normal intelligence

  1. Using latex precautions when providing client care
  2. Allowing the client to self-catheterize
  3. Encouraging the client to shift positions hourly when in the wheelchair
    1. Which side effect should the nurse include in the parent teaching for a child who is prescribed a baclofen pump for cerebral palsy?

1. Diarrhea

2. Hypertonia

3. Hypotonia

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4. Restlessness: 3. Hypotonia

    1. A 9-month-old infant who is not sitting independently has been diag- nosed with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP). Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to see in the baby?

1. Hypotonia and muscle instability

2. Hypertonia and persistence primitive reflexes

3. Tremors and exaggerated posturing

4. Hemiplegia and hypertonia: 1. Hypotonia and muscle instability

    1. A pediatric client is admitted to the emergency department with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) that caused a loss of consciousness. The last set of vital signs showed heart rate 48, blood pressure (BP) 148/ mmHg, respiratory rate 28 and irregular. Which does the nurse suspect based on these data?

1. Spinal cord injury

2. Increased intracranial pressure.

3. Typical for sleep

4. Improvement: 2. Increased intracranial pressure.

    1. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse monitor for when as- sessing a pediatric client who is diagnosed with a basilar skull fracture?

1. Periorbital ecchymosis

2. Subdural hematoma

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3. Providing a sponge bath with cold water

4. Decreasing oral fluid intake

5. Patting the child dry after a tepid bath: 1. Increasing oral intake of fluids

5.Patting the child dry after a tepid bath

    1. When the home health nurse visits the home of a 10-month-old child, she observes the environment for risks for injury to the child. Which observa- tion will the nurse discuss with the mother?

1. The mother leaves the filled mop bucket on the floor while in another room.

2. The mother turns all pan handles to the back of the stove.

3. The mother fills the bath tub before bringing the baby into the bathroom.

4. When riding in a car, the child is in a car seat in the middle of the back seat.: 1. The mother leaves the filled mop

bucket on the floor while in another room.

    1. Which nursing diagnoses should the nurse include in the plan of care for a pediatric client who experiences a traumatic brain injury (TBI)? Select all that apply.

1. Risk for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion: Cerebral

2. Risk for Aspiration

3. Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume

4. Compromised Family Coping

5. Chronic Pain: 1. Risk for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion: Cerebral

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2.Risk for Aspiration

3.Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume

4.Compromised Family Coping

    1. Which nursing diagnoses should the nurse include in the plan of care for a pediatric client diagnosed with cerebral palsy? Select all that apply.

1. Risk for Constipation

2. Impaired Tissue Integrity

3. Impaired Verbal Communication

4. Acute Pain

5. Risk for Delayed Development: 1. Risk for Constipation

  1. Impaired Tissue Integrity
  2. Impaired Verbal Communication
  3. Risk for Delayed Development
    1. Which nursing diagnoses should the nurse include in the plan of care for a pediatric client diagnosed with hydrocephalus? Select all that apply.

1. Risk for Infection

2. Impaired Physical Mobility

3. Risk for Caregiver Role Strain

4. Risk for Injury

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5. Brain trauma: 1. Lesions

2.Cysts

3.Tumor

4.Brain abscesses

    1. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assess- ing a child who has been admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)?

1. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema

2. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain

3. Urine specific gravity decreased and urinary output increased

4. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever: 1. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbu- minemia, and edema

    1. Which is the appropriate nursing intervention when providing care to a child, diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, who is edematous and on bed rest?

1. Monitor blood pressure every 30 minutes.

2. Reposition every 2 hours.

3. Limit visitors.

4. Encourage fluids.: 2. Reposition every 2 hours.

    1. Which urinalysis result should the nurse anticipate for a child who is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis?

1. Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity

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2. Hematuria and proteinuria

3. Proteinuria and decreased specific gravity

4. Bacteriuria and hematuria: 2. Hematuria and proteinuria

    1. A preschool-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute postinfec- tious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) and is admitted to the hospital. Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for this child?

1. Risk for Injury related to hypertension.

2. Altered Growth and Development related to a chronic disease.

3. Risk for Infection related to hypertension.

4. Fluid Volume Excess related to decreased plasma filtration.: 1. Risk for Injury related to hypertension.

    1. Which laboratory tests should the nurse prepare to draw when admitting a pediatric client with possible obstructive uropathy? Select all that apply.

1. Platelet count

2. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

3. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

4. Blood culture

5. Creatinine: 2. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

5. Creatinine

    1. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate upon assess- ment for a preschool-age child with

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    1. Which parental statement indicates understanding of the process in- volved with a kidney transplant for a child with renal failure?

1. "We are happy our child will not have to take any more medicine after the transplant."

2. "We understand our child will not be at risk anymore for catching colds from other children at school."

3. "We will be glad we will not have to bring our child in to see the doctor again."

4. "We know it is important to see that our child takes prescribed medications after the transplant.": 4. "We

know it is important to see that our child takes prescribed medications after the transplant."

    1. Which complications should the nurse monitor for when providing care to a child who is having hemodialysis for the treatment of kidney failure? Select all that apply.

1. Migraines

2. Hypotension

3. Infections

4. Fluid overload

5. Shock: 2. Hypotension

  1. Infections
  2. Shock
    1. Which assessment finding would necessitate action by the nurse for a 10-month-old child who is 4 hours postoperative for the placement of a urethral stent?

1. Bloody urine

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2. One void since returning from surgery

3. Bladder spasms responding to pharmacologic intervention

4. Double diapering from the previous shift: 2. One void since returning from surgery

    1. Which risks of undescended testes should the nurse include in the teaching session for the parents of a newborn diagnosed with this condition? Select all that apply.

1. Sperm production will be affected after puberty.

2. Abdominal testes are subject to injury.

3. Abdominal testes have a higher risk of developing cancer.

4. Hormonal production will be affected.

5. The testes are at greater risk of torsion.: 1. Sperm production will be affected after puberty.

2.Abdominal testes are subject to injury.

3.Abdominal testes have a higher risk of developing cancer.

  1. The testes are at greater risk of torsion.
    1. Which assessment finding, after the dialysate is drained during peri- toneal dialysis for a child experiencing acute renal failure, would warrant further action by the nurse?

1. The dialysate is clear on return.

2. The volume of drained dialysate is less than the volume infused.

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4. Palpating the bladder mass to ensure urine is expelled: 3. Covering the defect with sterile plastic wrap

    1. Which clean-catch urinalysis finding should the nurse be most con- cerned for a child who is admitted to an urgent care center to rule out a urinary tract infection?

1. 2+ white blood cells

2. 1+ red blood cells

3. Urine appearance: cloudy

4. Specific gravity: 1.009: 4. Specific gravity: 1.

    1. Which assessment questions should the nurse include in the psy- chosocial assessment to determine the effects of chronic renal failure treat- ments on the growth and development of a school-age child? Select all that apply.

1. "How does it make you feel to have to follow a special diet?"

2. "Do you take your medications every day?"

3. "How does it make you feel to undergo dialysis treatments?"

4. "Do you attend school each day?"

5. "How does it make you feel when your parents come home late from work?": 1. "How does it make

you feel to have to follow a special diet?"

  1. "How does it make you feel to undergo dialysis treatments?"
    1. Which actions should the nurse implement when assessing the phys- ical growth for a child who is diagnosed with chronic renal failure? Select all that apply.

1. Asking the child to step on the scale

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2. Measuring the child's height

3. Measuring the child's head circumference

4. Using the Denver II with the child

5. Monitoring the child's blood pressure: 1. Asking the child to step on the scale

2.Measuring the child's height

3.Measuring the child's head circumference

    1. Which nursing actions are appropriate to assess growth and develop- ment for an adolescent client diagnosed with chronic renal failure? Select all that apply.

1. Using the Denver II during a health maintenance visit

2. Educating parents on normal milestones

3. Monitoring for delayed sexual maturation

4. Comparing blood pressure values from previous visit

5. Plotting height and weight measurements: 1. Using the Denver II during a health maintenance visit

  1. Monitoring for delayed sexual maturation 5.Plotting height and weight measurements
    1. Which nutritional interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care for a pediatric client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of chronic renal failure? Select all that apply.

1. Provide small, frequent meals.

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D. Increased protein in the urine: A. Decreased edema

  1. Nurse is planning care to address nutritional needs for preschooler with cystic fibrosis. Which interventions should the nurse include in plans?

a. Administer pancreatic enzymes 2 hr after meals.

b. Discontinue the use of pancreatic enzymes if steatorrhea develops.

c. Limit fluid intake to 750 mL per day.

d. Increase fat content in the child's diet to 40% of total calories.: d. Increase fat content in the child's diet to 40%

of total calories.

  1. Nurse provides dietary teaching to guardian of school age child with cystic fibrosis. Which statements should nurse make?

a. "You should offer your child high-protein meals and snacks throughout the day."

b. "You should decrease your child's dietary fat intake to less than 10% of their caloric intake."

c. "You should restrict your child's calorie intake to 1,200 per day."

d. "You should give your child a multivitamin once weekly.": a. "You should offer your child high-protein meals and

snacks throughout the day."

    1. The nurse is providing care to a pediatric client, diagnosed with inflam- matory bowel disease, who is prescribed daily prednisone. Which parental statement regarding administration of this drug indicates correct understand- ing of the teaching provided by the nurse?

1. "I will administer this medication between meals."

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2. "I will administer this medication at bedtime."

3. "I will administer this medication one hour before meals."

4. "I will administer this medication with meals.": 4. "I will administer this med- ication with meals."

    1. Which assessment data would cause the nurse to suspect that a 3-year-old child has Hirschsprung disease?

1. Clay-colored stools and dark urine

2. History of early passage of meconium in the newborn period

3. History of chronic, progressive constipation and failure to gain weight

4. Continual bouts of foul-smelling diarrhea: 3. History of chronic, progressive constipation and failure to gain

weight

    1. An adolescent client reports recurrent abdominal pain with diarrhea and bloody stools. Which type of inflammatory bowel disease does the nurse suspect based on these data?

1. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

2. Ulcerative colitis (UC)

3. Crohn disease

4. Appendicitis: 2. Ulcerative colitis (UC)

    1. The nurse is assessing abdominal girth for a pediatric client who pre- sents with abdominal distension. Which nursing action is appropriate?

1. Measuring the girth just below the umbilicus