Perception Based Knowledge Representation - Cognitive Processes - Lecture Slides, Slides of Brain and Cognitive Science

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Perception-Based

Knowledge

Representation

Dual-Code Theory

 The mind operates upon internal

representations of knowledge.

 How is visual information (imagery)

represented in memory?

 Paivio’s Dual-Code Theory – memory is

better if we encode information visually and verbally.  Separate representations are maintained for verbal and visual information.

Santa’s Results

Brain Evidence for Dual Codes

No Homunculus

 Homunculus -- the idea that there are

“pictures in the head” implies someone to look at those pictures.  Both images and percepts are represented topographically in the brain, but there is no homunculus to view them.

 Kosslyn -- the same cognitive processes

are used to view mental images and external percepts.

Shepard & Metzler’s Results

2D 3D

Mentally imagine the F and scan the outline beginning at the *.

Point to Y if an outside corner is present or N if not.

Pointing Was Slowest

Which is bigger?

The closer in size, two animals are, the longer it takes to decide which is bigger.

Two Types of Imagery

 Images involving visual properties (what)

-- impaired with temporal damage.

 Images involving spatial properties

(where) – impaired with parietal damage.

 Bilateral temporal lobe damage:

 Difficulty judging color, size, shape.  No deficit in mental rotation, image or letter scanning, judgment of relative positions.

Similar Brain Activity

Fusiform face area

Parahippocampal place area

Cognitive Maps

 Two kinds of maps:

 Route map – indicates places and

turns, but not all landmarks.

 Survey map – shows all relevant

portions of space, not just route.

 Adults produce survey maps, kids

produce route maps.

 Survey maps more versatile.