Chemistry: Bonding and Properties of Oxides of Period 3 Elements, Exercises of Chemistry

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Period 3 Elements

WMP/Jun10/CHEM

box 2 Sodium, aluminium and silicon are solid elements with a silver colour.react with oxygen to form oxides with high melting points. Aluminium is a reactive These elements metal, but it resists corrosion in water because it has a surface coating of aluminiumoxide. 2 (a) In terms of its structure and bonding, explain why silicon dioxide has a high meltingpoint. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 2 (b) State the type of bonding in aluminium oxide. ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark) 2 (c) Write an equation for the reaction of aluminium with oxygen. ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark) 2 (d) Suggestcorrosion in water. one property of the aluminium oxide coating that causes aluminium to resist ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark) 2 (e) Sodium metal issodium oxide. Write an equation to show how sodium oxide reacts with water. not resistant to corrosion in water, despite having a surface coating of

............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark)

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WMP/Jan10/CHEM

8 (a) State and explain the trend in electronegativities across Period 3 from sodium to sulfur.

(4 marks)

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SECTION B

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

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8 (b) Explain why the oxides of the Period 3 elements sodium and phosphorus have different

melting points. In your answer you should discuss the structure of and bonding in

these oxides, and the link between electronegativity and the type of bonding.

(6 marks)

(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................

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WMP/Jun11/CHEM

box 4 This question is about the chemistry of the Period 3 elements and the trends in theirproperties. 4 (a) (i) Describe what you would observe when magnesium burns in oxygen.equation for the reaction that occurs. State the type of bonding in the oxide formed. Write an Observations ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Equation ............................................................................................................................ Type of bonding ................................................................................................................ (4 marks) 4 (a) (ii) Describe what you would observe when sulfur burns in oxygen.the reaction that occurs. State the type of bonding in the oxide formed. Write an equation for Observations ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Equation ............................................................................................................................ Type of bonding ................................................................................................................ (4 marks) 4 (b) State the type of bonding in sodium oxide.alkaline solution when added to water. Explain why sodium oxide reacts to form an Type of bonding.................................................................................................................. Explanation......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks)

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4 (c) Outline an experiment that could be used to show that aluminium oxide contains ions. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) (Extra space) ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ 4 (d) Suggestcorrosion in moist air. one reason why a thin layer of aluminium oxide protects aluminium from ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark) 4 (e) Write an ionic equation in each case to show how aluminium oxide reacts with thefollowing 4 (e) (i) hydrochloric acid ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark) 4 (e) (ii) aqueous sodium hydroxide. ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark)

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(07) WMP/Jan11/CHEM

box 3 (c) (ii) Explain why the melting point of phosphorus(V) oxide is low. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark) 3 (d) Separate samples of phosphorus(V) oxide and sodium oxide were reacted with water.In each case, predict the pH of the solution formed and write an equation for the reaction. pH with P 4 O 10 .................................................................................................................... Equation ............................................................................................................................ pH with Na 2 O...................................................................................................................... Equation ............................................................................................................................ (4 marks) 3 (e) Write an equation for the reaction between NaState the general type of reaction illustrated by this example. 2 O and P 4 O (^10) Equation ............................................................................................................................. Reaction type ..................................................................................................................... (2 marks)

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WMP/Jun12/CHEM

box Section A Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 White phosphorus (P 4 ) is a hazardous form of the element. It is stored under water. 1 (a) Suggest why white phosphorus is stored under water. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark) 1 (b) Phosphorus(V) oxide is known as phosphorus pentoxide.Suggest why it is usually represented by P 4 O^10 rather than by P 2 O^5 ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark) 1 (c) Explain why phosphorus(V) oxide has a higher melting point than sulfur(VI) oxide. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) 1 (d) Write an equation for the reaction of PGive the approximate pH of the final solution. 4 O 10 with water to form phosphoric(V) acid.

Equation ............................................................................................................................. pH ...................................................................................................................................... (2 marks)

WMP/Jan12/CHEM

box 3 The data in the table below show the melting points of oxides of some Period 3elements.

3 (a) In terms of structure and bonding, explain why 3 (a) (i) sodium oxide has a high melting point ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) (Extra space) ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ 3 (a) (ii) sulfur dioxide has a low melting point. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) (Extra space) ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ 3 (b) Explain why the melting point of P 4 O 10 is higher than the melting point of SO (^2) ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) (Extra space) ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................

Na 2 O P 4 O 10 SO (^2) T m / K 1548 573 200

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box 3 (c) Write equations for the reactions of Naapproximate pH of the resulting solution. 2 O and P 4 O 10 with water. In each case give the

Equation for Na 2 O .............................................................................................................. pH .................................... Equation for P 4 O 10 ............................................................................................................. pH .................................... (4 marks) 3 (d) Write an equation for the acid–base reaction that occurs when Nain the absence of water. 2 O reacts with P 4 O (^10)

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WMP/Jun13/CHEM

box 4 (c) State how the melting point of phosphorus(V) oxide compares with that of silicondioxide. Explain your answer in terms of the structure of, and the bonding in, phosphorus(V) oxide. Melting point in comparison to silicon dioxide ................................................................... Explanation ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks) 4 (d) Magnesium oxide is classified as a basic oxide. Write an equation for a reaction that shows magnesium oxide acting as a base withanother reagent.

............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) 4 (e) Phosphorus(V) oxide is classified as an acidic oxide. Write an equation for its reaction with sodium hydroxide. ............................................................................................................................................ (1 mark)

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WMP/Jan13/CHEM

box 4 Some melting points of Period 3 oxides are given in this table.

4 (a) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why sodium oxide has a high melting point. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) 4 (b) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why sulfur trioxide has a higher meltingpoint than sulfur dioxide. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) 4 (c) Some Period 3 oxides have basic properties. State the type of bonding in these basic oxides.Explain why this type of bonding causes these oxides to have basic properties. Type of bonding ................................................................................................................ Explanation ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks)

Na 2 O SiO 2 SO 2 SO (^3) Melting point / K 1548 1883 200 290

WMP/Jun14/CHEM

box 3 This question is about some Period 3 elements and their oxides. 3 (a) Describe what you would observe when, in the absence of air, magnesium is heatedstrongly with water vapour at temperatures above 373 K. Write an equation for the reaction that occurs. [3 marks] Observations ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................

Equation ............................................................................................................................ 3 (b) Explain why magnesium has a higher melting point than sodium. [2 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ [Extra space] .................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ 3 (c) State the structure of, and bonding in, silicon dioxide.Other than a high melting point, give two physical properties of silicon dioxide that are characteristic of its structure and bonding. [4 marks] Structure ............................................................................................................................. Bonding............................................................................................................................... Physical property 1............................................................................................................. Physical property 2.............................................................................................................

WMP/Jun14/CHEM

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box 3 (d) Give the formula of the species in a sample of solid phosphorus(V) oxide.State the structure of, and describe fully the bonding in, this oxide. [4 marks] Formula .............................................................................................................................. Structure ............................................................................................................................ Bonding ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 3 (e) Sulfur(IV) oxide reacts with water to form a solution containing ions. Write an equation for this reaction. [1 mark]

............................................................................................................................................ 3 (f) Write an equation for the reaction between the acidic oxide, phosphorus(V) oxide, andthe basic oxide, magnesium oxide. [1 mark]

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