periodic table and elements, Exercises of Chemistry

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IllA IVA VA VIA vi 1A 4.0026 Hindeogam 2 Non Metals (t3) (tr) ais» (16) ay Hictiam 3 4 | 5 | Metalloids 5 PF 7 Fe 5 io 2 Li Be B Cc N oO F Ne - 6940 90122 | < d-Block Elements >] 10801 12011 | 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180 Lithium | Beryllium Boron Carbon [Nitrogen | Oxygen | Fluorine Argon 11 i2 13 1s 16 17 18 3 ey 2058, 1B IvB VB VIB VuUB re Vil iu 1B IB ofthe ae 32066 St A Sodium | Magnessus| @ (> ‘> (6) a - {top @ @) Aluminie Selpher | Chlorine Argon 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 31 34 35 36 4 K Ca Se Ti v cr Mn co Ni cu Zn Ga Se Br Kr 39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 SO.941 31.996 $4938 sis 347 $8693 $8693 63.546 635.39 69.723 T8396 79.904 $3.80 Potassaum “akium | Scandium] Titanium | Vanatee | Chroesrem | Maagasese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zine Galleum Selenium | Bromine Krypton 4 4 37 38 39 ao a1 42 43 45 46 a7 48 49 50 53 s4 5 Rb sr Y Zr Nb Mo Te Rh Pd Ag ca In Sn I Xe 85.468 87.62 83.906 91224 22.906 95.94 os 18s ‘or 102.91 106.42 107.87 biz41 lias2 Lis 7E 126.90 131.29 rubidium | sucanuc Boron | Znccaram | Niobium | se1.ee0 | Tetectium| Rutheamm] Rhodium|Palladiam| Silver | cadmium] Indium Tin Jodine Xenon + 35 36 57 72 73 74 7s yes 78 79 sO 81 82 83 86 6 Cs Ba La He Ta w Re Ir Pt Au He TI Pb Bi 0 Ro 13291 137.33 138.91 178.49 130.95 183.85 186.21 190. So33 192.22 195.08 196.97 200:39 204.38 207.2 206.98 2 222 Cascuum | Barium | Lastacum | Hafnium | tantaium | cungsten | osmium | Osmium] Iridium | Platinum Gold Mercury | Thallium] Lead = | Bismuth Radon + 4 = = acne a Bi Per Ba Une oe md a hs i The symbols for elements 104 109 used in this table 7 = ~4 > Ln | ta) ad pig ms ad ne sun Lid ul are those proposed by the American Chemical a a ey ee ee ata fs Pc a Socicty and 110.112 proposed by IPUAC f-block Elements < > = 8 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 ide seri © Nd Ss E Ga Tbh yr H E T Yh L 6 ** Lanthanide serics 140.12 sees 944.24 — 15096 | 131-96 | 159-25 158.92 BX 16193 | rstz6e | aesoss | azs.os | 174-97 Cerium Newt) Presta] Samanuem | Europium | Gatiarnm terbiunm ¢rgrou=e | Holmium | Erbium Thuliem Yeerbrem [Lutetum + 4 Fag 91 ta 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 Lh 103 : **Actinide Series 3h | Rt. | ston | Be | re | ae | sm | ee | ose | ss [bm | oa | Be | ks Thorium § | peewee Uranium Nepunwum] Plusaum | Amernctam | Curium brekelam Cates | few Permium Meeteievme | Nobelium [I ameccum IUPAC designations of groups of elements are given in brackers PERIODS —> Aly radius ~ Decreases lonisationpotential lncrcascs Eleetrancgat vits” Trereasss Eleeirons Mnity Covalentcharactcrolhalidcs > Metalliccharaccer + Deevcascs Onicisiigrature > Inercascs Keducingnature » Ducrenscs increases &, . Sercon > Deeres" Err. 8 G > Thecaeetsies ~~ R Decronxes > : (Increases >» Decreases oO Decreases Tnersuses inerecascs 7 ia® stabilityulsupaut: U Incrcescs é A ; Thermalstabilit, a -carhonates Constant - : ns 5 ce Shermalstahility onivates P Consiay x ia Decreases Metals uncreases 7 Theornsalscab ite othe dr ———_> . its” Firstinercascsthendcercases Ss Nanmetal sdecreasesi Metals il nereases. seer a rstincroasesthendcorenses Imereascs Electroposictiviry Decrenses Hiere Ds + increases Trerensius Increases Iromsdses Increases | 13. Smallest atomic radius H | 14. Largest atomic size Cs | 15. Largest monovalent anionic size I | 16. Smallest cation H* | 17. Most electopositive element Cs | 18. Element with electronegativity after F Oxygen next to Fluorine | 19. Group containing maximum no. of gases Zero group of gaseous elements in periodic table | 20. Liquid element of radioactive nature Fr | 21. Volatile d-block elements Zn, Cd, Hg, Uub | 22. Element containing no neutron H | 23. Most abundant element on earth Oxygen 24. Rarest element on earth At (Astatine) 25. Most abundant metal on earth Al 26. Element having maximum tendency Carbon for catenation 27. Non metal having highest m pt., b.pt. Carbon (Diamond) 28. Metal showing highest oxidation number Os (+8) 29. Most electrovalent compound CsF 30. Most stable carbonate Cs2CO3 31. Strongest alkali (Hydroxide) CsOH 32. Strongest basic oxide Cs2z0 33. Best electricity conductor among metals Ag 34. Best electricity conductor among non metals graphite 35. Most poisonous element Pu (Plutonium) 36. Liquid non metal Br 37 Element kept in water Phosphorus 49. 90% of Sun mass Hydrogen 50. Amphoteric oxides BeO, Al,03, ZnO, PbO, SnO, SnOz Sb,03, Asz03 etc.. 51. Neutral oxides of non metals NO, CO, H,0,N,0 52. Dry bleacher O3 (ozone) 53. Dry ice Solid CO, TNT, RDX (Research 54. Artificial explosive Developed Explosive etc.) 55. Oldest known organic acid CH3;COOH 56. First noble prize of chemistry was given to Vant Hoff 57. Some isomorphism substances FeSO,7H20 (Green Vitriol), MgS0O,7H20 (Epsom Salt), ZnSO,7H20 (White Vitriol) 58. Some efflorescent substances Naz,CO3 - 10H,0, MgSO, - 7H20 etc. | 59. First man made element Tc (Technicium) 60. Smallest period 18' (2 elements) 61. Largest period in periodic table 6 (32 elements) 62. Largest group in periodic table 34 /III B (32 elements) | 63. Most abundant d-block metal Fe 64. Most abundant s-block metal Ca | 65. Element having maximum isotopes Sn (10) 66. Highest density (Metals) Ir> Os 67. Highest density (Non Metals) Boron PERIODIC TABLE INTRODUCTION: The arrangement of all the known elements according to their properties in such a way ——$—$—$—$—$—$ ——— = that the elements of similar properties are grouped together in a tabular form is called —$—$—————— ee periodic table) Scientists from the very beginning have attempted to systematize the knowledge they gained through their observations and experiments. Development of the periodic law and the periodic table of the elements is one such attempt. This has brought order in the study of the vast chemistry of more than a hundred elements known now. Therefore, it is quite natural to begin your study of inorganic chemistry with the study of the periodic table in this unit. By the mid-nineteenth century, more than 60 elements were known and many more were being discovered. During this period, it was also realized that certain groups of elements exhibited similar physical and chemical properties. PERIODIC TABLE Was it a mere coincidence or did a relationship exist among the properties of the elements? Attempts to reply such probing questions ultimately resulted in the development of the periodic law. Periodic table helps us to undergo a systematic study of the various elements found in nature, Without which it would have been impossible for us to study all the elements. By classifying the elements into various groups and periods a comparative study of the elements and their compounds can be done. Several attempts were made to classify the elements which are as follows.