Understanding Personality: Psychoanalytic Approach and Psychosexual Stages, Slides of Psychology

Download Understanding Personality: Psychoanalytic Approach and Psychosexual Stages and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Personality

⦿A person’s general style of interacting with the world ⦿People differ from one another in ways that are relatively consistent over time and place

Personality

⦿Psychoanalytic Approach:

Freudian Psychoanalysis and

Post-Freudian Theories

Psychoanalytic

Divisions of the Mind

⦿Id - instinctual drives present at birth

• (^) does not distinguish between reality and fantasy
• (^) operates according to the pleasure principle ⦿Ego - develops out of the id in infancy
• (^) understands reality and logic
• (^) mediator between id and superego ⦿Superego
• (^) internalization of society’s moral standards
• (^) responsible for guilt

Psychoanalytic Approach

Conscious Unconscious Superego (^) Preconscious Id Ego Information which can easily be made conscious Thoughts, feelings, urges, and other information that is difficult to bring to conscious awareness Information in your immediate awareness Rational, planful, mediating dimension of personality Moralistic, judgmental, perfectionist dimension of personality Irrational, illogical, impulsive dimension of personality

Psychoanalytic Approach

⦿Preconscious

• everything that can, with a little effort, be brought into consciousness Conscious Unconscious Superego (^) Preconscious Id Ego

Psychoanalytic Approach

⦿Unconsciou s - inaccessible warehouse of anxiety- producing thoughts and drives Conscious Unconscious Superego (^) Preconscious Id Ego

Defense Mechanisms

⦿ Repression^ - keeping anxiety- producing thoughts out of the conscious mind ⦿ Reaction formation^ - replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite

Defense Mechanisms

⦿ Displacemen t - when a drive directed to one activity by the id is redirected to a more acceptable activity by the ego ⦿ Sublimation^ - displacement to activities that are valued by society

Psychosexual Stages

⦿Freud’s five stages of personality development, each associated with a particular erogenous zone ⦿Fixation - an attempt to achieve pleasure as an adult in ways that are equivalent to how it way achieved in these stages

Oral Stage (birth - 1 year)

⦿Mouth is associated with sexual pleasure ⦿Weaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly ⦿Fixation can lead to oral activities in adulthood

Phallic Stage (3 - 5 years)

⦿Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals ⦿Oedipus or Electra complex can occur ⦿Fixation can lead to excessive masculinity in males and the need for attention or domination in females

Latency Stage (5 - puberty) ⦿Sexuality is repressed ⦿Children participate in hobbies, school and same-sex friendships

Post-Freudian Psychodynamic

Theories

⦿Karen Horney’s focus on security ⦿Object relations theories ⦿Alfred Adler’s individual psychology ⦿Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development ⦿Carl Jung’s collective unconscious