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Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Study Guide: Interpretation and Analysis, Exams of Nursing

Chamberlain College of NursingNursing

This study guide provides a concise overview of pulmonary function tests (pfts), covering the reasons for performing pfts, normal values, and interpretation of results. It includes key parameters such as tidal volume (vt), inspiratory reserve volume (irv), expiratory reserve volume (erv), residual volume (rv), vital capacity (vc), forced vital capacity (fvc), and forced expiratory volume (fev1). The guide also differentiates between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases based on pft findings, offering a quick reference for medical students and healthcare professionals. It also covers tests used to measure residual volume (rv) such as helium dilution, nitrogen washout and body plethymography.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/21/2025

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PFT EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025
Reasons for performing PFT - ANSWER 1 Dx obstructive or restrictive
disease.2 evaluation of etiologies of dyspnea 3 Severity of disease
determination 4 Evaluation of success of tx 5 Estimation of lung disease
prognosis (staging)
Normal values of PFT as per: - ANSWER Gender, Age, *Height, (Body size)
(Race)
PFT - ANSWER identifies deviations from normal predicted
Normal PFT - ANSWER 80-120% of predicted
Mild PFT - ANSWER 65-80% predicted
Moderate PFT - ANSWER 50-64% predicted
Severe PFT - ANSWER < 50 % predicted
Tidal Volume (VT) - ANSWER quantity of gas (air) entering and leaving the
lungs with each breath
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) - ANSWER volume of gas that can be
forcibly inhaled after a normal VT inhalation
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) - ANSWER volume of gas which can be
forcibly exhaled following a normal VT exhalation
Residual Volume (RV) - ANSWER volume of air remaining in lungs after a
forceful exhalation
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PFT EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025

Reasons for performing PFT - ANSWER 1 Dx obstructive or restrictive disease.2 evaluation of etiologies of dyspnea 3 Severity of disease determination 4 Evaluation of success of tx 5 Estimation of lung disease prognosis (staging) Normal values of PFT as per: - ANSWER Gender, Age, *Height, (Body size) (Race) PFT - ANSWER identifies deviations from normal predicted Normal PFT - ANSWER 80-120% of predicted Mild PFT - ANSWER 65-80% predicted Moderate PFT - ANSWER 50-64% predicted Severe PFT - ANSWER < 50 % predicted Tidal Volume (VT) - ANSWER quantity of gas (air) entering and leaving the lungs with each breath Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) - ANSWER volume of gas that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal VT inhalation Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) - ANSWER volume of gas which can be forcibly exhaled following a normal VT exhalation Residual Volume (RV) - ANSWER volume of air remaining in lungs after a forceful exhalation

Lung capacities - ANSWER combinations of lung volumes Vital Capacity (VC) - ANSWER volume of air that can be exhaled following maximal inspiration. VC = - ANSWER IRV+VT+ERV Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) - ANSWER exhalation as quickly as possible.Tests both large and small airways.Effort dependent.repeat 3 FVCs with variation no more than 5% Slow Vital Capacity (SVC) - ANSWER exhalation slowly in order not to trap air. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) - ANSWER Amount of air that can be taken in following a normal exhalation. IC = - ANSWER VT+IRV Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - ANSWER Resting lung volume after a normal VT exhalation. FRC = - ANSWER ERV+RV Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - ANSWER The total capacity of air that the lung can hold. TLC = - ANSWER IC+FRC or VC+RV or IRV+VT+ERV+RV Obstructive Disease - ANSWER PROBLEM WITH FLOWS (DECREASED) conditions that change the anatomic shape of tracheobronchial tree.COPD.FEV< SVC Restrictive Disease - ANSWER PROBLEMS WITH VOLUME(DECREASED)

MVV Measures - ANSWER Muscles' strength and stamina.to determine if patient exhausts 170L Male.110L Female Flow-Volume Loop - ANSWER They measure Flow (in seconds) and Volume (in Liters).Expiration is on top.Inspiration is on bottom Tests used to measure Residual Volume (RV) - ANSWER Can't be done using spirometry.1 Helium dilution 2 Nitrogen washout 3 Body Plethymography "body box" Helium Dilution Test - ANSWER pt inhales helium gas mixture through a CLOSED CIRCUIT (Lips around a straw) C1V1=C2V2 Concentration.Volume Nitrogen washout technique - ANSWER Pt is given 100%O2 to breathe.Expired gas is collected. FEV1/FVC <65% indicates. - ANSWER severe airway obstruction Normal FVC rules out. - ANSWER restrictive disease consistent with obstructive lung disease. - ANSWER decreased expiratory flow restrictive lung disease;; - ANSWER reduced volume of lungs, expiratory flow usually fine, Obesity may lead to it.