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PGA PGM Level 1 3.0 Teaching and
Coaching
Improvement in golf skill performance due to increased strength and flexibility as a result of participation in a fitness program is evidence that learning has taken place. - Answer-False A common mistake in teaching is the expectation that the student will be able to learn a skill from a verbal suggestion - Answer-True Autonomous learning is the first phase of learning a student will pass through when learning a new golf skill. - Answer-False Effectively inhibiting unwanted movements is a characteristic of the autonomous phase of learning. - Answer-True Competing movements encountered in new skill learning can cause a motor program memory to be forgotten. - Answer-True Students can expect as lower rate of learning as they progress through the three phases of golf skill learning. - Answer-True Motor learning. has taken place when the improvements in skill technique were caused by changes in motivation. - Answer-False
A student's improved performance by the end of the first lesson is evidence that learning has occurred. - Answer-false According to the Challenge Point Framework, the level of difficulty should be increased as a player improves or becomes familiar with how swing movements feel. - Answer-True Changes in performance that result from increased motivation are suitable as evidence for learning? - Answer-False One minute is about the short-term memory storage capacity for new cognitive information before it is lost due to inattention? - Answer-True Performance production measures are the result of the movement. - Answer-False What is an indication that learning has occurred? - Answer-Relative permeant change What is the basis on which instructors can make reliable inferences that learning has taken place? - Answer-Permeant results in experience and practice How does a student transfer golf skills learned in the cognitive phase to play on the course in the intermediate learning phase? - Answer-...... What increases as students transition from early to intermediate to the advanced phase of learning? - Answer-Movement coordination What is the definition of learning? - Answer-Relatively permeant change
What is the first thing an instructor should test when determining the physical capabilities of a junior golfer? - Answer-Motor skills Which exercises are best for evaluating a junior's movement patterns? - Answer-Throwing, striking, running, skipping What is likely being evaluated when an informed instructor asks a junior golfer to throw or kick a ball? - Answer-Distance control Introduction to building relationships and communication - Answer- Teachers must exhibit qualities students value when modeling professional standards. - Answer-True One way disciplined teachers can demonstrate consistency and balance is to moderate their praise for student achievements - Answer-True Professional instruction practice recommends that teachers keep their interest in the lives of their students "on the lesson tee". - Answer-False The use of communication technology can dramatically reduce the number of lesson no-shows. - Answer-True What has research shown to be directly correlated with the teacher's level of enthusiasm? - Answer- Students success in their lessons What can an instructor do which likely would cause students to learn at a faster rate? - Answer-Exhibit enthusiasm and voice an action
What is recommended as a means by which teaching professionals can retain their passion on the lesson tee? - Answer-Instructor periodically review what motivates them What behavior exemplifies empathetic teaching by the instructor? - Answer-Relates What element of a professional relationship requires the teacher to see the world from the student's point of view? - Answer-Empathy What is one reason teachers should be warm in their relationships with students? - Answer- Professionalize Productive relationships What must teachers do to create a positive learning environment within a lesson? - Answer-Decide what attitudes and behaviors motivate students What can teachers achieve by clearly communicating expected attitudes and behaviors? - Answer- Respond in the same manor in similar situations How should teachers represent consistency in their interactions with students? - Answer-They can teach the students rather than the content Why is it important for teachers to spend time getting to know and understand their students? - Answer-Identify Behaviors that are critical to creating a desirable environment One difference between expert instructors and average instructors is the ability of the expert instructors to reciprocate immediacy by revealing personal information about themselves - Answer-False Physical positioning is a technique for communicating clearly - Answer-True
What can teachers expect to improve as a result of listening to their students? - Answer-Assessments and relationships What question asked by a teacher best represents the concept behind the process of active listening? - Answer-Active listening Analyzing Student needs, Setting Goals and Lesson Progression - Answer- What must teachers understand before an effective pattern recognition system can emerge? - Answer- How golf skills components work together What are the "SMART" characteristics of an effective goal? - Answer-S- Specific M- Measurable A - Achievable R - Relative T - Time Orientated An instructor should set the goals of the lesson before instructing and observing the student. - Answer- False Conducting an opening interview is the first step in a lesson progression. - Answer-False Selecting appropriate activities is the first step in a lesson progression - Answer-False In general, five is the maximum number of instructional goals that can be effectively addressed in a lesson. - Answer-False
Lesson goals are established so instructors can develop procedures for what they would like to accomplish in a specified amount of time. - Answer-True How should lesson activities be selected - Answer-Base them on lesson goals that achieve lesson goals Demonstrations assist learning because modeling a skill conveys specific information about how to perform the skill - Answer-true What is a good way to capture and keep a student's interest in learning? - Answer-connecting with the student's interests and experiences; maintain their attention; use stories, metaphors, and analogies What is a good way instructors can be sure a student does not get lost when the lesson transitions from one physical or conceptual activity to another? - Answer-offer clarification-continually remind students of what they are supposed to be doing, why it is important for them to do so, prevents students from believing they are just What are ways to convey enthusiasm for the students and the subject? - Answer-smiling, using descriptive/animated explanations, and investing time in planning and reflecting on a lesson What are the seven keys to effective demonstrations? - Answer--plan and prepare -strive for clarity -show passion and enthusiasm -use proper voice projection -vary vocal pitch -pause before and after important points -act confidently Good mentors are resourceful and enthusiastic in transferring their knowledge and skills to protégés - Answer-true
A "pull slice" occurs when the swing path is outside-to-in and the clubface is open to clubpath and closed to target. - Answer-true A "push shot" occurs when the swing path is outside-to-in and the clubface is square to the target line - Answer-false-"push shot" starts right so club face is open to target while swing path is down the line The law of "centeredness" concerns the alignment of the clubface and the body in relation to the target
- Answer-false- "aim" not "centeredness" A preference is a personal choice that golfers make on how best to use the laws to improve their game - Answer-true Laws have to do with the physics of ball flight. - Answer-true- law refers to physical forces of absolutes influencing flight of the ball A "pull hook" occurs when the swing path is outside-to-in and the face is closed - Answer-false-swing path is inside to outside The law of "face" governs the exactness with which the ball makes contact on the face of the club relative to the percussion point - Answer-false- the law of "centeredness of contact" Face is an example of law while path is an example of principle - Answer-false- both are an example of the law None of the preferences golf professionals may teach will change the ball flight laws - Answer-true Centeredness of contact is one of the primary factors influencing the direction of a golf shot. - Answer- true
With all other variables the same, if a student changes his angle of approach with his 7-iron from 5 degrees descending to 10 degrees descending, the shot will travel a shorter distance - Answer-true- steeper angle of approach creates more backspin, more lift, and therefore less distance According to the PGA swing model, list examples of "preferences." - Answer--early wrist cock -slow backswing -open stance -flat back swing...etc According to the PGA swing model, identify the principles? - Answer-set upswing plane arc width arc length lever system release dynamic balance swing center clubhead lag connection lead wrist position at impact tempo timing rhythm What ball flight law is most responsible for the initial direction of a golf shot? - Answer-clubface angle at impact
What combination of a ball flight law and a principle would most likely result in a slice? - Answer- outside to in path, open clubface at impactset up According to the PGA swing model, list the "laws"? - Answer-1. centeredness of contact at impact
- clubface angle at impact
- clubhead path at impact
- clubhead speed at impact
- angle of approach at impact
- dynamic loft at impact "Precision" refers to gripping the club the same way each time. - Answer-true Left toe out is considered a preference. - Answer-true "Positioning" refers to how far up or down the hands are placed on the club's grip - Answer-false- "placement" not positioning What is true about ball placement in a golfer's setup? - Answer-ball placed forward in stance adds loft to face resulting in a higher shot A golfer has small hands and a weak grip. Which grip option probably would be best for her? - Answer- ten finger grip Concerning grip basics, what describes the term "precision"? - Answer-every time a player prepares to putt, they grip the club the same way
While adding the third lever creates some potential for improving timing and consistency, it also can cause some distance problems - Answer-false-third lever could be negative b/c it narrows width of swing and creates an additional timing factor to fire the levers in correct order If a swing is to stay connected, the body needs to be as much a part of the release as are the hands and arms. - Answer-true Timing refers to the rate of movement - Answer-true The PGA swing model recommends a flat position over a cupped position at the top of the swing - Answer-true How is the second lever formed? - Answer-created by the lead wrist and the club shaft as the club swings What is indirectly affected by the swing plane? - Answer-trajectory-swing plane influences angle of approach and therefore, trajectory Define the term "connection." - Answer-keeping the arms the same distance from the body all the way through the swing The percentage of teaching time specifically focused on putting is relatively low in relation to the influence putting skills have on a player's score. - Answer-true Clubface angle position and clubhead path at impact are less important considerations when putting than when hitting full swing shots due to slower clubhead speed - Answer-false-at slower speeds with a putter, clubface angle can account for over 90% of the ball's initial direction Off-center impacts will influence the distance of a putt but have little influence on initial direction. - Answer-false-off center has significant effects on distance and direction the putt will travel
What can produce either a "skulled" or "chunked" pitch shot? - Answer-the club is ascending through impact for a skullthe club is descending through impact for a chunk Narrowing the stance for a chip or pitch helps the player do which of the following? - Answer-easier for the upper body to rotate over the lower body displacing the weight on the forward leg at impact and through the finish without any lateral shift from the lower body Where should the body weight at address be placed when pitching from a normal lie? - Answer-body weight should be balanced evenly between both feet Where should the ball position be when addressing the normal splash-type greenside bunker shot? - Answer-ball should be slightly forward in stance from where normal wedge ball position would be The lower loft of drivers is the reason why lie angle is a less important factor when fitting drivers than when fitting irons? - Answer-true-lie angle is less of a factor for driver due to lower loft The higher loft of wedges is the reason why lie angle is a less important factor when fitting wedges than when fitting drivers? - Answer-false-lie angle is critical (for short irons) b/c it can influence direction What performance characteristics are affected by the club's length? - Answer-swing mechanics and ball flight What is the main influence a club's lie angle has on ball flight? - Answer-ball direction What is the consequence of playing a club with an improper lie angle? - Answer-directional inconsistencies
Assuming an on-plane swing and eliminating all other factors, what characteristic of metal woods or hybrids would result in more playing loft? - Answer-closed angle face How will a club play if it is shortened? - Answer-lowered swing center causes inconsistency and loss of distance because you are hitting with a shorter lever What effect does adding bounce angle have on a golf club? - Answer-loft increases as well What is the typical ball flight pattern if the shaft's vibration cycles per minute (CPM) are too high? - Answer-too stiff=low right What defines the measurement of energy lost or retained when two objects collide? - Answer-COR (clubhead and the ball) What component of a golf ball's flight is most influenced by the ball's spin rate given a square clubface and a straight path? - Answer-angle of approach What is the power transfer ratio formula? - Answer-ratio of ball divided by clubhead speed What defines the measurement of energy retained when two objects collide? - Answer-ball speed=COR Swing inconsistency is the most probable result of playing with an improperly sized grip. - Answer-true Tempo is a measure of the number of times a shaft oscillates in a unit of time. - Answer-false- (frequency analyzer)-is the number of time a shaft oscillates in a unit of time What is the shaft's kick point? - Answer-point in the shaft where the degree bending is the greatest
How did many high-end facilities intensify the problems caused by the slowdown period of 2000-2009? - Answer-charged high green fees/ dues and course difficult for the typical golfer...cost, time, and difficulty were barriers According to a PGA of America study, lack of opportunity for instruction is theprimary reason for low participation in golf instruction. - Answer-false- there is plenty of lessons available false- there is plenty of lessons available - Answer-to promote its affordability; educating consumers of different golfing packages for entry level, first timers is key The percentage of core golfers taking lessons has been growing in recent years - Answer-False- they have a strong desire to improve, but not actually taking lessons What is most likely to increase the number of rounds played by a golfer? - Answer-golfers who take lessons and improve tend to play more *improvement from lessons Across the board, roughly what percentage of golfers participate in instructional programs in a given year? - Answer-15% of golfers participate in instructional programs in a given year What statement accurately describes the latent demand for playing golf? - Answer-there are currently 24.7 million golfers in America. there are an estimated 90 million people interested in playing golf. What is a realistic strategy for attracting new or infrequent players to the game? - Answer-highlighting the value of golf and educating pga members with player development Where does the primary leadership responsibility for player development initiatives reside? - Answer- the local pga professional
A teaching professional's existing schedule of individual lessons should be considered a player development program. - Answer-False- private lessons aren't player development programs A one-time Sunday evening members-only scramble is an example of a player development program. - Answer-False- needs to be regular scheduled events At which stage of the player development planning process should consideration be given to how new programs would blend with the other operational departments at the facility? - Answer-phase 1: create an overall design creation A private facility is planning a promotional activity to introduce their new player development program for attracting new senior players. This activity includes three lessons followed by a three-hole scramble after each lesson. What is missing from this player development program? - Answer-size and schedule; budget What is the purpose of program objectives? - Answer-Clarify what the facility intends to accomplish by when and how it will be accomplished through promotional efforts, staff training, operational changes, or other measures What constraints must be considered when developing the design idea? - Answer-time constraints, work, family factors that keep people from pursuing the game What is the basis of a positive and supportive relationship with facility managers and owners? - Answer- effective communicationbetter when ownership is engaged in the program How can a player development professional cultivate support from facility managers and owners? - Answer-provide data and evidence that demonstrate that player development programs contribute to overall success and profitability of facility Which is a criterion for identifying player development objectives? - Answer-must be specific and stated in measurable terms, include targets for retaining new and existing customers; realistic and achievable
