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PHARM PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH COPLETE SOLUTION A+ GRADED, Exams of Pharmacology

Virginia State University (VSU)Pharmacology

PHARM PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH COPLETE SOLUTION A+ GRADED

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 01/12/2026

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PHARM PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
COPLETE SOLUTION A+ GRADED
1. The nursing student needs to administer potassium chloride intravenously as prescribed
to a client with hypokalemia. The nursing instructor determines that the student is
unprepared for this procedure if the student states that which action is part of the plan
for preparation and administration of the potassium?
1. Obtaining an intravenous (IV) infusion pump
2. Monitoring urine output during administration
3. Preparing the medication for bolus administration
4. Ensuring that the medication is diluted in the appropriate amount of normal saline
3. Preparing the medication for bolus administration
2. A client with atrial fibrillation is receiving a continuous heparin infusion at 1000
units/hour. The nurse determines that the client is receiving the therapeutic effect
based on which results?
1. Prothrombin time of 12.5 seconds
2. Activated partial thromboplastin time of 60 seconds
3. Activated partial thromboplastin time of 28 seconds
4. Activated partial thromboplastin time longer than 120 seconds
2. Activated partial thromboplastin time of 60 seconds
3. The nurse provides discharge instructions to a client who is taking warfarin sodium
(Coumadin). Which statement, by the client, reflects the need for further teaching?
1. "I will avoid alcohol consumption."
2. "I will take my pills every day at the same time."
3. "I have already called my family to pick up a Medic-Alert bracelet."
4. "I will take Ecotrin (enteric-coated aspirin) for my headaches because it is coated."
4. "I will take Ecotrin (enteric-coated aspirin) for my headaches because it is coated."
4. A client who is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) daily has a serum potassium level of 3
mEq/L and is complaining of anorexia. The health care provider prescribes
determination of the serum digoxin level to rule out digoxin toxicity. The nurse checks
the results, knowing that which value is the therapeutic serum level (range) for digoxin?
1. 0.5 to 2 ng/mL
2. 1.2 to 2.8 ng/mL
3. 3.0 to 5.0 ng/mL
4. 3.5 to 5.5 ng/mL
1. 0.5 to 2 ng/mL
5. A client is being treated with procainamide for a cardiac dysrhythmia. Following
intravenous administration of the medication, the client complains of dizziness.
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PHARM PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH

COPLETE SOLUTION A+ GRADED

  1. The nursing student needs to administer potassium chloride intravenously as prescribed to a client with hypokalemia. The nursing instructor determines that the student is unprepared for this procedure if the student states that which action is part of the plan for preparation and administration of the potassium?
    1. Obtaining an intravenous (IV) infusion pump
    2. Monitoring urine output during administration
    3. Preparing the medication for bolus administration
    4. Ensuring that the medication is diluted in the appropriate amount of normal saline
    5. Preparing the medication for bolus administration
  2. A client with atrial fibrillation is receiving a continuous heparin infusion at 1000 units/hour. The nurse determines that the client is receiving the therapeutic effect based on which results?
    1. Prothrombin time of 12.5 seconds
    2. Activated partial thromboplastin time of 60 seconds
    3. Activated partial thromboplastin time of 28 seconds
    4. Activated partial thromboplastin time longer than 120 seconds
    5. Activated partial thromboplastin time of 60 seconds
  3. The nurse provides discharge instructions to a client who is taking warfarin sodium (Coumadin). Which statement, by the client, reflects the need for further teaching?
    1. "I will avoid alcohol consumption."
    2. "I will take my pills every day at the same time."
    3. "I have already called my family to pick up a Medic-Alert bracelet."
    4. "I will take Ecotrin (enteric-coated aspirin) for my headaches because it is coated."
    5. "I will take Ecotrin (enteric-coated aspirin) for my headaches because it is coated."
  4. A client who is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) daily has a serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L and is complaining of anorexia. The health care provider prescribes determination of the serum digoxin level to rule out digoxin toxicity. The nurse checks the results, knowing that which value is the therapeutic serum level (range) for digoxin?
    1. 0.5 to 2 ng/mL
    2. 1.2 to 2.8 ng/mL
    3. 3.0 to 5.0 ng/mL
    4. 3.5 to 5.5 ng/mL
    5. 0.5 to 2 ng/mL
  5. A client is being treated with procainamide for a cardiac dysrhythmia. Following intravenous administration of the medication, the client complains of dizziness.

What intervention should the nurse take first?

  1. Measure the heart rate on the rhythm strip.
  1. The nurse is planning to administer hydrochlorothiazide to a client. The nurse understands that which is a concern related to the administration of this medication?
    1. Hypouricemia, hyperkalemia
    2. Increased risk of osteoporosis
    3. Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy
    4. Hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, penicillin allergy
    5. Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy
  2. The home health care nurse is visiting a client with elevated triglyceride levels and a serum cholesterol level of 398 mg/dL. The client is taking cholestyramine (Questran). Which statement, by the client, indicates the need for further education?
    1. "Constipation and bloating might be a problem."
    2. "I'll continue to watch my diet and reduce my fats."
    3. "Walking a mile each day will help the whole process."
    4. "I'll continue my nicotinic acid from the health food store."
    5. "I'll continue my nicotinic acid from the health food store."
  3. The nurse is monitoring a client who is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) for adverse effects. Which findings are characteristic of digoxin toxicity? Select all that apply.
    1. Tremors
    2. Diarrhea
    3. Irritability
    4. Blurred vision
    5. Nausea and vomiting o 2. Diarrhea o 4. Blurred vision o 5. Nausea and vomiting
  4. Prior to administering a client's daily dose of digoxin, the nurse reviews the client's laboratory data and notes the following results: serum calcium, 9.8 mg/dL; serum magnesium, 1.2 mg/dL; serum potassium, 4.1 mEq/L; serum creatinine, 0. mg/dL. Which result should alert the nurse that the client is at risk for digoxin toxicity?
    1. Serum calcium level
    2. Serum potassium level
    3. Serum creatinine level
    4. Serum magnesium level
    5. Serum magnesium level
  5. A client being treated for heart failure is administered intravenous bumetanide.

Which outcome indicates the medication has achieved the expected effect?

  1. "A syringe that has a small ⅝-inch needle is used to administer the injection."
  2. A client is scheduled for a dose of ramipril (Altace). The nurse should check which measurement before administering the medication?
  3. Weight
  4. Apical pulse
  5. Blood pressure
  6. Potassium level
  7. Blood pressure
  8. The clinic nurse is providing instructions to a client with hypertension who will be taking captopril (Capoten). Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction?
  9. "I need to change positions slowly."
  10. "I need to avoid taking hot baths or showers."
  11. "I need to drink at least 4 quarts of water daily."
  12. "I need to sit down and rest if dizziness or lightheadedness occurs."
  13. "I need to drink at least 4 quarts of water daily."
  14. A thrombolytic is administered in the hospital emergency department to a client who has had a myocardial infarction. The client's spouse asks the nurse about the purpose of the medication. The nurse bases the response on which fact regarding this medication?
  15. Thrombolytics suppress the production of fibrin.
  16. Thrombolytics act to prevent thrombus formation.
  17. Thrombolytics act to dissolve thrombi that have already formed.
  18. Thrombolytics have been proved to reverse all detrimental effects of heart attacks.
  19. Thrombolytics act to dissolve thrombi that have already formed.
  20. A client who had surgery 3 days earlier is receiving heparin sulfate by subcutaneous injection every 12 hours. In planning for the client's morning care, the priority nursing intervention is which action?
  21. Allow the client to sit only at the bedside.
  22. Assist the client to shave using an electric razor.
  23. Monitor the prothrombin time (PT) every 4 hours.
  24. Tell the client that brushing the teeth is not allowed.
  25. Assist the client to shave using an electric razor.
  26. A client scheduled to take a subcutaneous anticoagulant at home says to the nurse, "I'm not sure I will be able to take this medication at home." Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
  27. "Maybe your spouse can give you your shots."
  28. "You'll be fine once you get used to giving your own shots."
  1. "What are your concerns about taking this medication at home?"
  2. "Don't worry. Your health care provider knows what's best for you."
  3. "What are your concerns about taking this medication at home?"
  4. A client is being discharged on warfarin sodium (Coumadin), and the nurse provides instructions to the client regarding the medication. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates to the nurse that the client understands the teaching provided?
  5. "I'll stop my medication if I see bruising."
  6. "Stiff joints are common while taking warfarin."
  7. "This medication will prevent me from having a stroke."
  8. "If I notice blood-tinged urine, I will call the health care provider."
  9. "If I notice blood-tinged urine, I will call the health care provider."
  10. A client receives education regarding self-administration of enoxaparin (Lovenox) on discharge to home. The client complains, "I feel as if the health care provider is discharging me too soon if I still have to take injections at home." What is the best nursing response?
  11. "Are you not happy about going home?"
  12. "Do you want to stay in the hospital forever?"
  13. "You'll have to take that up with the health care provider."
  14. "Research shows that it is best for clients to administer this medication at home rather than stay in the hospital."
  15. "Research shows that it is best for clients to administer this medication at home rather than stay in the hospital."
  16. The nurse is caring for a client who is taking warfarin (Coumadin), an oral anticoagulant. The nurse notes the presence of gross hematuria and large areas of bruising on the client's body. The nurse notifies the health care provider and ensures that which prescribed medication is available?
  17. Heparin sulfate
  18. Protamine sulfate
  19. Phytonadione (vitamin K)
  20. Oral potassium supplements
  21. Phytonadione (vitamin K)
  22. The home care nurse has given instructions to a client who is beginning therapy with digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse determines a need for further teaching of the instructions if the client makes which statement?
  23. "If I miss a dose, I should just take two the next day."
  24. "I shouldn't change brands without asking the health care provider first."
  25. "I should call the health care provider if my daily pulse rate is under 60 or over 100."

its administration. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

  1. "The urine normally changes to orange."
  2. "This medicine will still be working 4 to 5 days after it is discontinued."
  3. "This medication will require frequent blood work to monitor its effects."
  4. "I cannot take aspirin or any aspirin-containing medications while I'm on this medication."
  5. "The urine normally changes to orange."
  6. The nurse has been given a medication prescription to administer intravenous (IV) hydralazine (Apresoline). The nurse obtains which priority piece of equipment needed for use during administration of this medication?
  7. Pulse oximetry
  8. Cardiac monitor
  9. Noninvasive blood pressure cuff
  10. Nonrebreather oxygen face mask
  11. Noninvasive blood pressure cuff
  12. The nurse is reviewing the assessment findings for a client who has been taking spironolactone (Aldactone) for treatment of hypertension. Which, if noted in the client's record, would indicate that the client is experiencing an adverse effect related to the medication?
  13. Client complaint of dry skin
  14. A potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L
  15. A potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L
  16. Client complaint of constipation
  17. A potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L
  18. The nurse is providing instructions to a client with chronic atrial fibrillation who is being started on quinidine sulfate. The nurse should plan to provide which instruction to the client?
  19. Wear a Medic-Alert bracelet.
  20. Take the medication only on an empty stomach.
  21. Stop taking the prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin) when this medication is started.
  22. Open the sustained-release capsules and mix with applesauce if the medication is difficult to swallow.
  23. Wear a Medic-Alert bracelet.
  24. The nurse notes a persistent, dry cough in an adult client being seen in the ambulatory clinic. When questioned, the client states that the cough began approximately 2 months ago. On further assessment, the nurse learns that the client began taking quinapril (Accupril) shortly before the time that the cough began. How should the nurse interpret the development of the cough?
  1. An early indication of heart failure
  2. Caused by neutropenia as a result of therapy
  3. Caused by a concurrent upper respiratory infection
  4. An expected although bothersome side effect of therapy
  5. An expected although bothersome side effect of therapy
  6. A client with angina pectoris has been given a new prescription for nitroglycerin transdermal patches. The client indicates an understanding of how to use this medication administration system by making which statement?
  7. "I need to wait until the next day to apply a new patch if it falls off."
  8. "I need to alternate daily dosage times to prevent tolerance to the medication."
  9. "I need to place the patch in the area of a skin fold to promote better adherence."
  10. "I need to apply the patch in the morning and leave it in place for 12 to 14 hours as directed."
  11. "I need to apply the patch in the morning and leave it in place for 12 to 14 hours as directed."
  12. A client in the hospital emergency department who received nitroglycerin for chest pain has obtained relief but now complains of a headache. The nurse should interpret that this client is most likely experiencing which condition?
  13. An expected medication side effect
  14. An allergic reaction to nitroglycerin
  15. An early sign of tolerance to the medication
  16. A warning that the medication should not be used again
  17. An expected medication side effect
  18. A client who has begun taking betaxolol (Kerlone) demonstrates an effective response to the medication as indicated by which nursing assessment finding?
  19. Increase in edema to 3+
  20. Weight gain of 5 pounds
  21. Decrease in pulse rate from 74 beats/min to 58 beats/min
  22. Decrease in blood pressure from 142/94 mm Hg to 128/82 mm Hg
  23. Decrease in blood pressure from 142/94 mm Hg to 128/82 mm Hg
  24. A client who is taking chlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) comes to the clinic for periodic evaluation. In monitoring the client's laboratory test results for medication side effects, what is the clinic nurse most likely to note if a side effect is present?
  25. Hypokalemia
  26. Hypocalcemia
  27. Hypernatremia
  28. Hyperphosphatemia
  1. Increased appetite
  2. Difficulty swallowing
  3. Impotence
  4. A client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has a history of heart failure. The health care provider has prescribed furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg by mouth daily to prevent fluid overload. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor to identify the presence of an adverse effect from this medication?
  5. Sodium
  6. Glucose
  7. Potassium
  8. Magnesium
  9. Potassium
  10. A client with heart failure is scheduled to be discharged to home with digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix) as daily prescribed medications. The nurse tells the client to report which finding as an indication that the medications are not having the intended effect?
  11. Sudden increase in appetite
  12. Weight gain of 2 to 3 lb in a few days
  13. Increased urine output during the day
  14. Cough accompanied by other signs of respiratory infection
  15. Weight gain of 2 to 3 lb in a few days
  16. A client with pulmonary edema has a prescription to receive morphine sulfate intravenously. The nurse should determine that the client is experiencing an intended effect of the medication as indicated by which assessment finding?
  17. Increased pulse rate
  18. Relief of apprehension
  19. Decreased urine output
  20. Increased blood pressure
  21. Relief of apprehension
  22. The nurse has provided instructions to a client receiving enalapril maleate (Vasotec). Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction?
  23. "I need to rise slowly from a lying to sitting position."
  24. "I need to notify the health care provider if fatigue occurs."
  25. "I need to notify the health care provider (HCP) if a sore throat occurs."
  26. "I know that several weeks of therapy may be required for the full therapeutic effect."
  27. "I need to notify the health care provider if fatigue occurs."
  1. A health care provider writes a prescription for lisinopril (Zestril) for a hospitalized client. The nurse caring for the client determines that the medication has been prescribed to treat which disorder?
    1. Hypertension
    2. Immune disorder
    3. Venous insufficiency
    4. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder
    5. Hypertension
  2. A client taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to treat hypertension calls the clinic nurse and reports that he has a dry, nonproductive cough that is very bothersome. The nurse should respond by making which statement?
    1. The medication may need to be changed.
    2. The cough must be the start of a respiratory infection.
    3. The medication needs to be taken with large amounts of water to prevent the cough.
    4. This sometimes happens, and the client will need to take a cough medication with each dose of medication.
    5. The medication may need to be changed.
  3. The home care nurse visits a client with a diagnosis of unstable angina. The client is taking acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on a daily basis to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Which medication dose would the nurse expect the client to be taking?
    1. 300 to 325 mg daily
    2. 650 to 700 mg daily
    3. 1.3 g daily
    4. 3 g daily
    5. 300 to 325 mg daily
  4. The nurse prepares to teach a client with subarachnoid hemorrhage about the effects of nimodipine. The nurse plans to explain which information about the purpose of this medication?
    1. β-Adrenergic blocker that will decrease blood pressure
    2. Vasodilator that has an affinity for cerebral blood vessels
    3. Diuretic that will decrease blood pressure by decreasing fluid volume
    4. Calcium channel blocker that will decrease spasm in cerebral blood vessels
    5. Calcium channel blocker that will decrease spasm in cerebral blood vessels
  5. A client is being treated for moderate hypertension and has been taking diltiazem (Cardizem) for several months. The client schedules an appointment with the health care provider because of episodes of chest pain, and Prinzmetal's angina is diagnosed. The nurse understands that this medication will provide which therapeutic effect for this new diagnosis?
  1. Hypertension
  2. Atenolol (Tenormin) has been prescribed for a client, and the client asks the nurse about the action of the medication. How should the nurse respond regarding the action of this medication?
  3. Slows the heart rate
  4. Increases cardiac output
  5. Increases myocardial oxygen demand
  6. Maintains the blood pressure at a level within the 140/90 mm Hg range
  7. Slows the heart rate
  8. The health care provider (HCP) writes a prescription for atenolol (Tenormin) for a client who was admitted to the hospital. The nurse contacts the HCP to verify the prescription if which finding is noted in the assessment data?
  9. Temperature is 100.1° F.
  10. Apical heart rate is 48 beats/min.
  11. Blood pressure is 138/82 mm Hg.
  12. Pedal pulses are bounding and strong.
  13. Apical heart rate is 48 beats/min.
  14. Atenolol (Tenormin) has been prescribed for a hospitalized client. The nurse should check which item before administering this medication?
  15. Pedal pulses
  16. Apical heart rate
  17. Most recent potassium level
  18. Most recent electrolyte levels
  19. Apical heart rate
  20. Atenolol (Tenormin) has been prescribed for a client, and the client asks the nurse about the side effects of the medication. What should the nurse tell the client is an occasional side effect of this medication?
  21. Dry skin
  22. Flushing
  23. Decreased libido
  24. Increased blood pressure
  25. Decreased libido
  26. A client admitted to the hospital is taking atenolol (Tenormin). The nurse monitors the client for which sign or symptom of an adverse effect of the medication?
  27. Nausea
  28. Diaphoresis
  1. Hypotension
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Hypotension
  4. Atenolol (Tenormin) has been prescribed for a client, and the nurse provides instructions to the client about the medication. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
  5. "I need to rise slowly from a lying to a sitting position."
  6. "If I feel that my heart rate is too low, I should stop the medication."
  7. "It will take 1 to 2 weeks before my blood pressure becomes controlled."
  8. "I should avoid tasks that require alertness until I know how the medication will affect my body."
  9. "If I feel that my heart rate is too low, I should stop the medication."
  10. A nurse is collecting subjective and objective data from a client and notes that the client is taking atorvastatin (Lipitor). What should the nurse determine that this medication has been prescribed to specifically treat?
  11. Heart failure
  12. Hypertension
  13. Angina pectoris
  14. Hypercholesterolemia
  15. Hypercholesterolemia
  16. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) has been prescribed for a client, and the client asks the nurse about the action of the medication. How should nurse respond about the action of this medication?
  17. Increases plasma cholesterol
  18. Increases plasma triglycerides
  19. Decreases low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
  20. Decreases high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
  21. Decreases low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
  22. The health care provider (HCP) writes a prescription for atorvastatin (Lipitor) for a client who was admitted to the hospital. The nurse contacts the HCP to verify the prescription if which finding is noted in the assessment data?
  23. Renal calculi
  24. Chronic heart failure
  25. Cirrhosis of the liver
  26. Coronary artery disease
  27. Cirrhosis of the liver
  1. Inhibiting calcium movement across cell membranes of cardiac and smooth muscle
  2. A client with cardiac disease has begun taking propranolol (Inderal LA), and the nurse provides information to the client about the medication. The nurse should tell the client to contact the health care provider (HCP) if which symptoms develop?
  3. Insomnia and headache
  4. Nausea and constipation
  5. Night cough and dyspnea
  6. Drowsiness and nightmares
  7. Night cough and dyspnea
  8. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) has been prescribed for a client. The nurse contacts the health care provider to verify the prescription if which condition is noted in the assessment data?
  9. Hypertension
  10. Allergy to eggs
  11. Nephrotic syndrome
  12. Allergy to sulfonamides
  13. Allergy to sulfonamides
  14. A client is seen in the clinic complaining of anorexia and nausea. The health care provider suspects that the client may be experiencing digoxin toxicity. While waiting for test results to become available, the nurse should assess the client for which sign or symptom that would support a diagnosis of digoxin toxicity?
  15. Edema
  16. Chest pain
  17. Constipation
  18. Photophobia
  19. Photophobia
  20. The nurse is administering a dose of intravenous hydralazine (Apresoline) to a client. The nurse should ensure that which item is in place before injecting the medication?
  21. Central line
  22. Foley catheter
  23. Pulse oximeter
  24. Blood pressure cuff
  25. Blood pressure cuff
  26. The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of chronic angina pectoris. The client is receiving sotalol (Betapace) orally daily. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the client is experiencing a side/adverse effect related to the medication?
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Diaphoresis
  3. Palpitations
  4. Difficulty swallowing
  5. Palpitations
  6. The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension receiving torsemide (Demadex) orally daily. Which laboratory test result would indicate to the nurse that the client may be experiencing an adverse effect related to the medication?
  7. A chloride level of 98 mEq/L
  8. A sodium level of 135 mEq/L
  9. A potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L
  10. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 15 mg/dL
  11. A potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L
  12. The nurse has given a client information about the use of nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. The client has a prescription for PRN use if chest pain occurs. Which client statement indicates an understanding of this medication?
  13. "It's best to keep this medication in a shirt pocket close to the body."
  14. "I need to discard unused tablets 6 to 9 months after the bottle is opened."
  15. "I will avoid using the medication until the chest pain actually begins and gets worse."
  16. "I can take aspirin for any headache that occurs when I first start taking the nitroglycerin."
  17. "I need to discard unused tablets 6 to 9 months after the bottle is opened."
  18. A client is due for a dose of bumetanide. The nurse should temporarily withhold the dose and notify the health care provider (HCP) if which laboratory test result is noted?
  19. Sodium 137 mEq/L
  20. Chloride 106 mEq/L
  21. Potassium 2.9 mEq/L
  22. Magnesium 2.6 mg/dL
  23. Potassium 2.9 mEq/L
  24. The nurse has given a client the prescribed dose of intravenous hydralazine (Apresoline). The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the medication by monitoring which client parameter?
  25. Pulse rate
  26. Urine output
  27. Blood pressure
  28. Potassium level
  29. Blood pressure