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Balancing Chemical Equations: A Step-by-Step Guide - Prof. Kiptembur, Exercises of Pharmaceutical Analysis

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyPharmaceutical Analysis

Pharmaceutical Technology lectures notes and examples

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 01/29/2023

kipchirchir-kiptembur
kipchirchir-kiptembur 🇰🇪

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Step 2:Balance elements other than O and H.
2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)
Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)
Step 3:Add H2O to balance oxygen.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)
Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)
Step 4:Balance hydrogen with protons.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)
Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)
Step 5:Balance the charge with e-.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)+2e−H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)+2e−
Zn2+(aq)+2e−→Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)+2e−→Zn(s)
Step 6:Scale the reactions so that they have an equal amount of electrons. In this
case, it is already done.
Step 7:Add the reactions and cancel the electrons.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)⋅H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+
(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)⋅
Step 8:Add OH-to balance H+. There are 2 net protons in this equation, so add 2
OH-ions to each side.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⋅H2O(l)
+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⋅
Step 9:Combine OH-ions and H+ions that are present on the same side to form
water.
H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⟶Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H2O(l)H2O(l)+2Ag(s)
+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⟶Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H2O(l)
Step 10:Cancel common terms.
2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+H2O(l)2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−
(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+H2O(l)
References

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Step 2: Balance elements other than O and H. 2 Ag(s)→Ag 2 O(aq)2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq) Zn 2 +(aq)→Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s) Step 3: Add H 2 O to balance oxygen. H 2 O(l)+ 2 Ag(s)→Ag 2 O(aq)H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq) Zn 2 +(aq)→Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s) Step 4: Balance hydrogen with protons. H 2 O(l)+ 2 Ag(s)→Ag 2 O(aq)+ 2 H+(aq)H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq) Zn 2 +(aq)→Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)→Zn(s) Step 5: Balance the charge with e-. H 2 O(l)+ 2 Ag(s)→Ag 2 O(aq)+ 2 H+(aq)+ 2 e−H2O(l)+2Ag(s)→Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)+2e− Zn 2 +(aq)+ 2 e−→Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)+2e−→Zn(s) Step 6: Scale the reactions so that they have an equal amount of electrons. In this case, it is already done. Step 7: Add the reactions and cancel the electrons. H 2 O(l)+ 2 Ag(s)+Zn 2 +(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag 2 O(aq)+ 2 H+(aq)⋅H2O(l)+2Ag(s)+Zn2+ (aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)⋅ Step 8: Add OH-^ to balance H+. There are 2 net protons in this equation, so add 2 OH-^ ions to each side. H 2 O(l)+ 2 Ag(s)+Zn 2 +(aq)+ 2 OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag 2 O(aq)+ 2 H+(aq)+ 2 OH−(aq)⋅H2O(l) +2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⋅ Step 9: Combine OH-^ ions and H+^ ions that are present on the same side to form water. H 2 O(l)+ 2 Ag(s)+Zn 2 +(aq)+ 2 OH−(aq)⟶Zn(s)+Ag 2 O(aq)+ 2 H 2 O(l)H2O(l)+2Ag(s) +Zn2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⟶Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+2H2O(l) Step 10: Cancel common terms. 2 Ag(s)+Zn 2 +(aq)+ 2 OH−(aq)→Zn(s)+Ag 2 O(aq)+H 2 O(l)2Ag(s)+Zn2+(aq)+2OH− (aq)→Zn(s)+Ag2O(aq)+H2O(l)

References