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Pharmacology- Terms Unit 1 Test With
Complete Solution
pharmacology - Answer the study of medicine
pharmacotherapy - Answer the application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering
CAM therapies - Answer complementary and alternative medicine therapies
OTC - Answer over-the-counter; drugs do not require a health care provider's order
prescription - Answer a written order from the legal authority to write such a prescription; examination of client to determine a specific diagnosis, proper drug for clients diagnosis, amount and frequency of dosing, education
boxed warning - Answer alert for identifying extreme adverse drug reactions
preclinical investigation - Answer extensive cellular and animal testing to look for adverse effects; to predict harm to humans
clinical investigation - Answer longest part of the drug approval process; large groups of selected clients with a particular disease
NDA review - Answer third phase of drug approval process; brand name if given
post-marketing surveillance - Answer final phase of drug approval process; to survey for harmful drug effects in a larger population, continues as long as drug is given to clients.
therapeutic classification - Answer usefulness in treating particular diseases; what the drug does clinically. What the drug is used for.
pharmacologic classification - Answer the way a drug works at the molecular, tissue, and body system level. How the drug works.
mechanism of action (MOA) - Answer how a drug produces its physiological effect in the body
prototype - Answer well-understood drug model with which other drugs in its representative class are compared
chemical drug name - Answer clear and concise meaning about the nature of a drug; only one chemical name for a drug; predicts physical and chemical properties of the drug
generic drug name - Answer assigned name; only one generic name for each drug; usually lowercased
trade drug name - Answer assigned by the company marketing the drug; drug developer is given exclusive rights to name and market a drug for 17 years
bioavailability - Answer physiological ability of the drug to reach its target cells and produce its effect; anything that affects absorption of a drug or its distribution
dependence - Answer physiological or psychological need for a substance
physical dependence - Answer altered physical condition caused by the adaptation of the nervous system to repeated drug use; withdrawal symptoms when drug is discontinued
psychological dependence - Answer few signs of physical discomfort when the drug is withdrawn, but feels an intense compelling desire to continue drug use
scheduled drugs - Answer classified according to potential for abuse; Schedule 1 is most restricted; Schedule V is least restricted; Schedule II has high potential for physical and psychological dependence
teratogenic category - Answer potential to cause a defect in an unborn child during pregnancy
allergic reaction - Answer an acquired hyperresponse of body defenses to a foreign substance
anaphylaxis - Answer severe type of allergic reaction that involves massive release of histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation leading to life-threatening shock
adverse events - Answer expected or unexpected
side effect - Answer expected drug reaction
rights of drug administration (5) - Answer right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time
rights of drug administration (4) - Answer right to refuse, right to receive education, right preparation, right documentation
checks of drug administration (3) - Answer checking drug with MAR, checking drug when preparing, checking drug before administering
compliance - Answer taking medication in the manner prescribed by the health care provider
STAT drug order - Answer medication that is needed immediately and is given only once
ASAP drug order - Answer available for administration to the client within 30 minutes of the written order
metabolism - Answer process of chemically converting a drug to a form that is usually more easily removed from the body/ liver is primary site of drug metabolism
prodrug - Answer has no pharmacologic activity unless first metabolized to the active form by the body
first-pass effect - Answer cross directly into the hepatic portal circulation, which carries blood to the liver before it is distributed to other body tissues/ large number of oral drugs are rendered inactive by hepatic metabolic reactions
excretion - Answer drug removal from the body/ rate at which medications are excreted determines the concentration of the drugs in the bloodstream and tissues/determines duration of action
enterohepatic recirculation - Answer drugs secreted in the bile/recirculation and elimination of drugs through biliary excretion may continue for several weeks after therapy has been discontinued
therapeutic range - Answer plasma drug concentration between minimum effective concentration and toxic concentration
onset of drug action - Answer amount of time it takes to produce a therapeutic effect after drug administration
peak plasma level - Answer when the medication has reached its highest concentration in the bloodstream
duration of drug action - Answer amount of time it takes for a drug to maintain its desired effect until termination of action
plasma half-life - Answer length of time required for the plasma concentration of a
medication to decrease by one-half after administration
potency - Answer drug that is more potent will produce a therapeutic effect at a lower dose
efficacy - Answer magnitude of maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug
receptor - Answer molecule to which a medicaion binds in order to initiate its effects
agonist - Answer drug that produces the same type of response as the endogenous substance/ mimics or enchances
antagonist - Answer occupy a receptor and prevent the endogenous chemical from acting/ blocker
agonist-antagonist - Answer produces a weaker, or less efficacious response than an agonist
