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Energy in Phase Changes: Determining Solid, Liquid, and Gas Transitions, Schemes and Mind Maps of Chemistry

Greater Brighton Metropolitan CollegeChemistry

An in-depth exploration of phase changes, including heating and cooling curves, and the role of energy in solid, liquid, and gas transitions. Topics covered include the different types of phase changes (fusion, boiling, sublimation, and condensation), endothermic and exothermic reactions, and the calculation of heat absorbed during phase changes using formulas such as Q=mc∆T, Q=mHf, and Q=mHv.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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PhaseChangesandHeatingCurves2016Notes.notebook
1
October19,2016
Oct61:47PM
HeatingandCoolingCurves
Aim: Todeterminehowenergyinfluences
phasechangesduringheatingandcooling.
Nov65:51PM
PhaseChanges
Allphasechangesoccurat constanttemperature.
Thereforeaverage kineticenergyremainsconstant.
Duringaphasechange,the heatadded(PEincreases) or
released(PEdecreases) willallowthemoleculestomove
apartorcometogether.
pf3
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Download Energy in Phase Changes: Determining Solid, Liquid, and Gas Transitions and more Schemes and Mind Maps Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Oct 61:47 PM

Heating and Cooling Curves

Aim: To determine how energy influences

phase changes during heating and cooling.

Nov 65:51 PM

Phase Changes

All phase changes occur atconstant temperature.

Therefore averagekinetic energy remains constant.

During a phase change, theheat added (PE increases)or

released (PE decreases)will allow the molecules to move

apart or come together.

Nov 65:51 PM

Phase Changes

Fusion (melting):solid to a

liquid

Boiling (vaporization):liquid

to a gas

Sublimation: solid to a gas

Solidification (freezing):liquid to

a solid

Condensation: gas to a liquid

Deposition:gas to a solid

Oct 61:49 PM

Endothermic Phase Changes

  1. Melting(fusion): s to l
  2. Boiling(vaporization): l to g 5.^ Condensation:^ g^ to^ l
  3. Freezing(solidification): l to s
  4. Sublimation: s to g 6.^ Deposition:^ g^ to^ s Heat absorbed causes the molecules to move farther apart by overcoming the intermolecular forces of attraction. Heat released allows the molecules to move closer together and the intermolecular forces of attraction become stronger.

Exothermic Phase Changes

Oct 1911:43 AM Heating Curve (endothermic) During the phase changes of a heating curve the KE remains constant while PE increases (heat is absorbed during heating) to allow the molecules to move farther apart together and IMF are overcome. Oct 1911:43 AM Cooling Curve (exothermic) During the phase changes of a cooling curve the KE remains constant while PE decreases (heat is lost during cooling) to allow the molecules to move closer together and IMF increases.

Oct 61:49 PM

  • Shows^ the^ temperature^ of^ each^ phase^ change^ when^ temperature^ is constant. (flat line)
  • Shows^ the^ boiling^ point^ and^ melting^ point^ of^ a^ substance.
  • Can^ be^ used^ to^ determine^ the^ phase^ of^ matter^ at^ a^ given temperature.
  • Can^ be^ used^ to^ determine^ if^ the^ substance^ needs^ more^ energy to melt (fusion) or boil (vaporize).

Heating and Cooling Curves

For water> Hf= 334 J/g Hv= 2260 J/g It takes more heat to vaporize water than to boil because more IMF must be overcome during vaporization than during melting. (more space between the molecules needed to form a gas than a liquid) Oct 67:00 PM Model 2: Temperature of a Substance as Heat is Added Over Time Time increasing > Temperature

(C)

Oct 65:26 PM Practice Problems Oct 87:31 AM