Philippine Independence, Lecture notes of History

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PROCLAMATION

OF PHILIPPINES

INDEPENDENCE

THE BIAK-NA-BATO REPUBLIC

 Emilio Aguinaldo established his headquarters in Biak-na- bato in Bulacan province. The news immediately spread throughout the country , and the revolutionaries were once more in high spirits.

THE PACT OF BIAK-NA-

BATO

 Pedro Paterno, a Spaniards born in the Philippines volunteered to act as negotiator between Aguinaldo and Gov. Primo de Rivera in order to end the clashes. Paterno’s effort paid off when on, December 15, 1897, the pact he sign the pact as the representative of the revolutionaries and de Rivera as the representative of the Spanish government.

THE BIAK-NA-BATO FAILS



The Filipino’s and the

Spaniards did not trust each

other. As a result periodic

clashes between the two

groups still took place even

after Aguinaldo’s departure

from the country. The Spanish

did not pay the entire agreed

amount.

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN

WAR

 Spain did not relish American invention in its affairs. However, with the Philippine and Cuban revolutions going on, it could not afford to add the Americans to its enemy list, especially since the United States had more advanced technology and weaponry. In the face of Spain’s declining power, it tried to repair its rift with the US in order to avoid a disastrous war.

Spain declared war on the United State on April 23, 1898. the United State declared war against Spain on April 25, 1898. on May 1, 1898 the United State Navy lead by Commodore George Dewey crushed the Spanish naval base at Sangley Point in Cavite. By June, 1898, the American had control of portion of the Philippine Islands. The Spanish-American War ended with the Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898.

THE SIEGE OF MANILA

 By June 1898, Generel Emilio Aguinaldo had captured the whole luzon and was ready to storm Manila with the help of Gregorio del Pilar, Artemio Recarte, Antonio Montenegro, Panteleon Garcia, and many other able generals. At that time the term “MANILA” referred to the walled city of intramuros.

Aguinaldo on the other hand, was firmly convinced that it just was a matter o days before the Spaniard surrender, therefore, he started planning for the declaration of the Philippine Independence JUNE 12, 1898.

• An American soldier named Robert Grayson, saw 4 armed Filipino men on San Juan Del Mote Bridge and oredered them to stop, but they ignored him
• General Antonio Luna and his men showed great heroism when they attacked Manila on the night of February 24, 1899. they burned the living quarters of the Americans in Tondo and Binondo and reached as far as Azarraga street (now Claro M. Recto Avenue), where they met by formidable American troops.

END OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION  Aguinaldo is captured Gen. Funston plotted the capture of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo on the night of March 6, 1901, he boarded the American warship Vicksburg and docked at Casiguran Bay on March 14. From Palanan Funston group reached Aguinaldo’s headquarters in palanan on

Angry, Luna went out of the

convent and was met and killed

by Captain Pedro Janolino with

Kawit.

General Luna was buried at the

nearby churchyard, Aguinaldo’s

role on his death is not clear

and his killers were never

charged or investigated

AGUINALDO’S FLEES

 Philippines military strategies began to fall with the death of Antonio Luna. The generals started to disagree among themselves, and the Filipino began to losing battles.  On November 13, 1899, General Emilio Aguinaldo fled to Calasiao, Pangasinan with his wife, son, mother, sister, and some cabinet members.

THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION ENDS 

The first yield to the

Americans was by General

Simion Ola. He surrendered

to Colonel Harry Bandoltz in

Guinobatan Albay on

September 25, 1903.