Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 3
Political and Leadership
Structures
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Senior High School
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Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 3
Political and Leadership
Structures
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Senior High School
ii
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/ Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 3: Political and Leadership Structures First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City Schools Division Superintendent : Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V
Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets
Author/s: Roy H. Lumban, PhD
Reviewers: Sylvio C. Carciller,PhD Charleah A.Matig-a Ma. Deanna D.Manuel Paz S. Pacturan
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Paul Badon
Management Team Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent
Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Members: Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II Gemma Pajayon, PDO II Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City Telefax: (08822) 855- E-mail Address: [email protected]
iv
Table of Contents
COVER PAGE ............................................................................................................ i
COPYRIGHT PAGE................................................................................................... ii
TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT ............................................................................. v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW ......................................................................................... v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE .................................................................. vi
ICONS OF THIS MODULE ...................................................................................... vii
WHAT I KNOW ....................................................................................................... viii
Lesson 1: Political Organization/Authority and Legitimacy .................................
What’s In: ............................................................................................. What’s New: Name Them ..................................................................... What is It: Political Organization/Authority and Legitimacy ................... What’s More: Leadership! ..................................................................... Word Looping ................................................................. What I Have Learned: Person in Authority ............................................ What I Can Do: The President ..............................................................
Summary ...................................................................................................................
Assessment ...............................................................................................................
Key to Answers ........................................................................................................
References ..............................................................................................................
v
What This Module is About
Human beings are considered social animals. Being such, we have tendencies to join groups. Having different interests, there is also a tendency towards conflict. Therefore, to avoid conflict and maintain social order, there is a need to establish a defined political system and defined political power.
Thus, this module will help you understand more on political and leadership structures of communities.
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
Analyze social and political structures (UCSP11/12HSO-IIj-23)
vii
Icons of this Module
What I Need to Know Learning Objectives
This part contains learning objectives that are set for you to learn as you go along the module.
What I Know? Pre-Assessment
This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior related knowledge.
What’s In? Review Activity
This part connects previous lesson with that of the current one.
What’s New? Motivational Activity
An introduction of the new lesson through various activities, before it will be presented to you.
What is It? Lesson Proper
These are discussions as a way to deepen your discovery and understanding of the concept.
What’s More? Performance Task
These are follow-up activities that are intended for you to practice further in order to master the competencies.
What I Have Learned? Generalization
Activities designed to process what you have learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do? Application
These are tasks that are designed to show case your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situations.
Assessment Post-Assessment
This evaluates your level of mastery in achieving the learning objectives of the lesson.
viii
What I Know
PRETEST
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
- It is formed by several families living together based on marriage ties, common descendants, friendship affiliations and members usually have common interest, or enemy. a. chiefdom c. tribe b. band d. nation
- A group usually headed by a village headman. a. nation-state c. tribe b. chiefdom d. state
- Formal leadership exists and authority rests solely on the members of a select family. a. nation c. tribe b. state d. chiefdom
- This is defined as a political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding over a group of people and well-defined territory and has the highest form of political organization. a. state c. nation b. nation-state d. state-nation
- It does not possess political sovereignty. a. state c. nation b. nation-state d. state-nation
- The power to make binding decisions and issue commands. a. bureaucracy c. charismatic b. legitimacy d. authority
- Legitimized from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws. a. traditional c. bureaucracy b. legitimacy d. authority
- Legitimated by the sanctity of tradition. a. traditional c. dynamic b. historical d. charismatic
1
What’s In
How was your family bonding at home? I know that family love is always in the air. Well, before we proceed to the next lesson, I want you to ponder on the topics or activities in Module 2 which caught your attention the most. List it down and briefly discuss each answer.
2. _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Lesson (^) Political Organization/Authority and
Legitimacy Learning Competency: Analyze social and political structures
1 (UCSP11/12HSO-IIj-23)
2
What’s New
Activity 1: NAME THEM
- Identify five (5) public officials in the Philippine government.
- Write their names and their official government positions.
Name Official government position 1 2 3
4 5
What Is It
Political Organizations
Bands and tribes are considered as the simplest political systems. They are often perceived without a well-defined system of leadership.
A band is usually small, formed by several families living together; oftentimes moving from one place to the other to search for food. Bands are egalitarian, meaning, all families are equal. There is no class differentiation based on wealth; however, status differences based on gender and age is well-defined. There is no formal leadership, instead, those who possess special skills and knowledge can be raised to become informal leader.
As the population of bands increases, the tendency of conflict also increases. The conflict leads to “band fissioning” or band splitting.
4
Authority is more than power. Authority is guaranteed by legitimacy in a formal manner. What makes authority binding and worthy of obedience is its legitimacy. Legitimacy gives form to authority. Legitimacy is a “value whereby something or someone is recognized and accepted as right and proper. For authority to be binding and stable, it must be legitimate.
WEBER’S THREE (3) TYPES OF AUTHORITY
According to the sociologist Max Weber, there is a category as to how authority is legitimated as a belief system. These are traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational.
Traditional Charismatic Legal-rational (bureaucratic) Source of Power Legitimized from from well-established customs, habits, and social structures
Legitimized from the charisma of the individual
Legitimized from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws. Leadership Style Historic personality Dynamic personality Bureaucratic
Example
Monarchical rule or the rule of elites in a chiefdom
Religious leaders or popular icons such as movie actors
Government officials in modern states
What’s More
Activity 2: LEADERSHIP!
- Conduct a research on how our current president exercises his leadership and authority in this covid-19 pandemic.
- Research not only means using the internet but also conducting interview to those people whom you believe can answer your questions. You may ask your parents, guardians, relatives, barangay officials, etc. Always remember to follow safety protocols.
- You can also get information from the television, radio, and other modes of communication. Have an enjoyable research time
5
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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
Rubric for the Task
Criteria Rating The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1 The answer conveys a genuine view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1 The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1 Total points (15)
Activity 3: WORD LOOPING
Encircle the words related to political leadership and structures. Write them also in the box below.
B U R E A U C R A C Y C Z L O T M C R O I G U Q C Y C A M I T I G E L W D K D R M A I L N T C E O H N E O S C E T H O R I G A W R D T K I A P T X F B Q E F R E B W A E V D I Q F E F N B P S T M S U A O D B M X U D A H A Y A O R E A C H F T S P Y M R T S F C A G S A Y T I R O H T U A H S
7
SUMMARY
Band is usually small, formed by several families living together; oftentimes moving from one place to the other to search for food.
Tribe is more complex and larger than a band. Tribe is organized through pantribal associations in the form of councils, tribal leaders, elders, etc. due to the presence of multiple communities in a tribe.
Chiefdom has a more defined political organization. Chiefdoms have more or less permanent, fulltime leader with real authority to make major decisions. These leaders are referred to as the “chief”.
Out of the breakdown of political organizations, what emerged was the presence of groups of people that shared a common history, language, traditions, customs, habits, and ethnicity. These groups are collectively referred to as nations.
A state is a political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding over a group of people and a well-defined territory and has the highest form of political organization.
Authority is the right to command. Authority is observed when an individual has a command to make a person do things.
Legitimacy is a “value whereby something or someone is recognized and accepted as right and proper. For authority to be binding and stable, it must be legitimate.
Max Weber’s three types of authority includes traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational.
8
ASSESSMENT
POSTTEST
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
- It is formed by several families living together based on marriage ties, common descendants, friendship affiliations and members usually have common interest, or enemy. a. chiefdom c. tribe b. band d. nation
- A group usually headed by a village headman. a. nation-state c. tribe b. chiefdom d. state
- Formal leadership exists and authority rests solely on the members of a select family. a. nation c. tribe b. state d. chiefdom
- This is defined as a political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding over a group of people and well-defined territory and has the highest form of political organization. a. state c. nation b. nation-state d. state-nation
- It does not possess political sovereignty. a. state c. nation b. nation-state d. state-nation
- The power to make binding decisions and issue commands. a. bureaucracy c. charismatic b. legitimacy d. authority
- Legitimized from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws. a. traditional c. bureaucracy b. legitimacy d. authority
- Legitimated by the sanctity of tradition. a. traditional c. dynamic b. historical d. charismatic
10
S ANSWER KEY TO
PRETEST
a 11. d 6. b 1.
b 12. c 7. c 2.
c 13. a 8. d 3.
a 14. b 9. a 4.
d 15. b 10. b 5.
POSTTEST
a 11. d 6. b 1.
b 12. c 7. c 2.
c 13. a 8. d 3.
a 14. b 9. a 4.
d 15. b 10. b 5.
S ANSWER KEY TO
WORD LOOPING (in any order) Activity 3.
bureaucracy 1.
band 2.
state 3.
authority 4.
chiefdom 5.
legitimacy 6.
11
REFERENCE
Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasga, Cecile C. Fadrigon, Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016, 160-170.
Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel M. Peralta, Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics for Senior High School, Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation, 2016, 86-97.
"14.1 Power and Authority – Sociology." Open Textbooks · University of Minnesota Libraries. Last modified April 8, 2016. https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/14- 1 - power-and-authority/.
"Chapter 17. Government and Politics – Introduction to Sociology – 1st Canadian Edition." BC Open Textbooks – Open Textbooks Adapted and Created by BC Faculty. Last modified November 6, 2014. https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter17- government-and-politics/.
"Politics, Power, and Authority | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production. Accessed June 14, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/politics- power-and-authority/