PHY250L LAB 8 EXAM BUOYANT FORCE & ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE Actual questions & verified ans, Exams of Science education

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PHY250L

LAB 8 EXAM

BUOYANT FORCE & ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE

Actual questions & verified answers

(2026/2027) (PDF)

Physics

MBOFFIN

Student Name: GIOVANA COSTARELLI

Access Code (located on the underside of the lid of your lab kit): AC-KW8OU

Lab Report Format Expectations Utilize college level grammar and formatting when answering text base questions. Report all equations in a proper mathematical format, with the correct signs and symbols. Submissions with incomplete or improperly formatted responses may be rejected.

Pre-Lab Questions

1. Archimedes' principle is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics and relates directly to the buoyant force. Archimedes' principle states that: "Any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object." In your own words, explain the Buoyant Force as it relates to Archimedes Principle. Ensure that you discuss this in terms of the equation for Buoyant Force. Archimedes' Principle states that any object fully or partially immersed in a fluid experience an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. The buoyant force (Fb) is given by the equation: Fb = ρfluid Vdisplaced𝑔 ρ fluid is the fluid density (𝑘𝑔/𝑚^3), V displaced is the volume of displaced fluid (𝑚^3), 𝑔 is the gravitational acceleration (9.81𝑚/𝑠^2).

1. Draw a free body diagram of a hanging mass after it is submerged in water. Make sure to label your forces and include your handwritten name in the background. Which force is the force you measure with the spring scale?

EXPERIMENT 1: EFFECTS OF DENSITY

Introduction Questions

1. Apply Newton’s second law to your free body diagram from Pre-Lab Question 3 to solve for the magnitude of the buoyant force. ∑F=ma Weight (W=mg) acting downward, Buoyant force (𝐹𝑏) acting upward. Since the object is in equilibrium: 𝐹𝑏+T=mg Where 𝑇 is the force measured on the spring scale. Rearranging for 𝐹𝑏: 𝐹𝑏=mg−T

This allows us to determine the buoyant force by measuring the difference in weight before and after immersion.

1. In this experiment, you will mix objects and liquids of varying densities to demonstrate density’s connection to buoyancy. Sketch and label the arrangement of objects and liquids in the beaker that you expect to see. Include your handwritten name in the background.

Data and Observations

Insert a photo below of your container after completing Step 8 of the procedure. Your photo must include your handwritten name, as well as all of the materials required for this experiment. Submissions that do not contain a photo with these requirements will be rejected.

1. Which cof cthe csolid cmaterials cused cin cthis cexperiment cwould cmake cthe cbest cboat? cWhy? Cork cwould cbe cthe cbest cmaterial cto cbuild ca cboat cwith cbecause cof cits clow cdensity cand chigh cbuoyancy. cIt cfloats cbetween coil cand cwater, cwhich cmeans cit cis csignificantly cless cdense cthan cwater, callowing cit cto cdisplace cenough cfluid cto cstay cafloat. cIn caddition, ccork cis clightweight cand chas clow cwater cabsorption, cmaking cit cideal cfor cfloating cstructures.

EXPERIMENT c2: cBUOYANT cFORCE cAND cFLOATING cOBJECTS

Introduction cQuestions

1. In cthis cexperiment, cyou cwill cbuild ca cclay cboat cand cfloat cit con cplain cand csalt cwater cwith cvarying cnumbers cof cwashers cadded cto cincrease cthe cmass. cDo cexpect cyour cboat cto chold cmore cwashers cwhen cfloating con cthe csalt cwater cor con cthe cplain cwater. cExplain cyour canswer. c The cboat cwill chold cmore cwashers cin csalt cwater cas cthe cdensity cof cthe cfluid cis cgreater. cSince cbuoyancy cis cproportional cto cthe cdensity cof cthe cfluid, ca cdenser cfluid cprovides ca cgreater clift cforce.
2. If cyour cclay cboat cweighs c.005 ckg cand cis cfloating, cwhat cis cthe cupward cforce cthe cwater cis cexerting con cthe cboat? c When cthe cboat cis cfloating, cthe cbuoyancy cmust cbe cequal cto cthe cweight: Fb= cmg Fb= c(0,005kg)(9,81m/s^2) Fb= c0,04905N c
3. How cmuch cwater cdoes can cobject chave cto cdisplace cbefore cit cwill cfloat? c For can cobject cto cfloat, cit cmust cdisplace ca cvolume cof cwater cequal cto cits cweight. cAccording cto cArchimedes' cPrinciple, cthe cbuoyant cforce cmust cbe cequal cto cor cgreater cthan cthe cgravitational cforce cacting con cthe cobject.

Data cand cObservations

Record cthe cmaximum cnumber cof cwashers cyour cclay cboat cwas cable cto chold cin cboth cthe csalt cand cplain cwater csamples. c Table c1. cNumber cof cWashers ca cClay cBoat cCan cHold cBefore cSinking Type cof cLiquid Number cof cWashers

Plain cWater

Salt cWater

Insert ca cphoto cof cyour cclay cboat con csalt cwater ccarrying cthe cmaximum cnumber cof cwashers cyou crecorded cin cTable c1, censuring cyou cinclude cyour chandwritten cname cin cthe cbackground. cYour cphoto cmust cclearly cdepict cyour cboat cfloating cwith cthe cnumber cof cwashers cyou crecorded. cSubmissions cthat cinclude ca cresponse cto cthis cquestion cthat cdo cnot cutilize cdata cfrom cTable c 1 cabove cwill cbe crejected. c Insert ca cphoto cof cyour cclay cboat con cplain cwater ccarrying cthe cmaximum cnumber cof cwashers cyou crecorded cin cTable c1, censuring cyou cinclude cyour chandwritten cname cin cthe cbackground. cYour cphoto cmust cclearly cdepict cyour cboat cfloating cwith cthe cnumber cof cwashers cyou crecorded. cSubmissions cthat cinclude ca cresponse cto cthis cquestion cthat cdo cnot cutilize cdata cfrom cTable c 1 cabove cwill cbe crejected. c

Results cand cDiscussion

1. Was cyour chypothesis cfrom cQuestion c 1 cin cthe cexperiment cintroduction ccorrect? cWhy cdid cone ctype cof cwater chold cmore cwashers cthan cthe cother? cUse cthe cconcepts cfrom cthe clab cto cexplain cthis. c I cwould csay cthe chypothesis cwas chalf ccorrect. cThe csaltwater cwas cable cto csupport ca ctotal cof c 3 cwashers cbecause cits cdensity cis chigher cthan cthat cof cregular cwater. cSince cbuoyant cforce cis cdirectly cproportional cto cthe cdensity cof cthe cliquid, cthe csalt cwater cgenerated cgreater cbuoyancy, callowing cthe cboat cto csupport cmore cwashers, cbut cafter ca cfew cseconds, cthe cboat csoaked. cSo cI cexperimented cagain cwith ctwo cwashers cand cwas c 100 c% csuccessful. c

EXPERIMENT c3: cBUOYANT cFORCE cAND cARCHIMEDES cPRINCIPLE

Introduction cQuestions

1. What chappens cto cthe capparent cweight cwhen cthe cobjects care csubmerged cin cwater? The capparent cweight cdecreases cas cthe cbuoyancy cacts cagainst cthe cgravitational cforce. cThe cweight cmeasured con cthe cspring cscale cwill cbe cless cthan cthe cactual cweight cin cthe cair.
2. In cthis clab, cyou cwill clook cfor cthe cweight cchange cof ca crubber cstopper cand ca c 250 cgram cmass cbefore cand cafter cthey care csuspended cin cwater. cThe cBuoyant cForce cwill cbe cthe cdifference cbetween cthese ctwo cvalues. cWill cthis cvalue cbe cpositive cor cnegative? cHint: cYou cmay cwant cto crefer cback cto cyour cpre-lab cquestions. It cwill cbe cpositive, cas cthe cbuoyancy cacts cin cthe copposite cdirection cto cgravity, creducing cthe capparent cweight cof cthe cobject.

Data cand cObservations

Input cthe cbase cedge clength c(for ca chexagonal cmass cset) cor cthe cdiameter c(for ca ccylindrical cmass cset) cof cyour c 250 cgram changing cmass, cand cits cmeasured cheight cinto cTable c2, cbelow. c Table c2. cDimensions cof c250g cHanging cMass Base cEdge cLength cor cDiameter c(cm) Height c(cm) 2.9 4. Input cthe cweight cof cthe cstopper cand c 250 cgram cmass cboth cbefore cand cafter cadding cit cto cyour ccontainer cof cwater. cSubtract cthese cvalues cto ccome cup cwith cthe cBuoyant cForce. cNote cthe cvolume cchange cand cinclude call cthese cvalues cin cTable c3, cbelow. c

Table c3. c 250 cg cHanging cMass cBuoyancy cData Object Weight cin cAir c(N) Weight cin c Water c(N) Buoyancy cForce c(N) Volume c Displaced c(mL) 250 cg cHanging cMass

Rubber cStopper

Insert ctwo cphotos cof cyour cscale’s cmeasurement cof cthe c 250 cgram cmass c(in cone cphoto) cand crubber cstopper c(in cthe cother cphoto) cbefore cadding cthem cto cyour ccontainer cof cwater. cThe creadings con cthe cscale cmust cbe cclearly cvisible cand cthey cmust cmatch cthe cvalues cin cTable c 3. cYour cphoto cmust calso cinclude cyour chandwritten cname cin cthe cbackground. cSubmissions cthat cinclude ca cresponse cto cthis cquestion cthat cdo cnot cutilize cdata cfrom cTable c 1 cabove cwill cbe crejected. c

Insert ctwo cphotos cof cyour cscale’s cmeasurement cof cthe c 250 cgram cmass c(in cone cphoto) cand crubber cstopper c(in cthe cother cphoto) cwhile csuspended cin cyour ccontainer cof cwater. cThe creadings con cthe cscale

cmust cbe cclearly cvisible cand cthey cmust cmatch cthe cvalues cin cTable c 3. cYour cphoto cmust calso cinclude cyour chandwritten cname cin cthe cbackground. cSubmissions cthat cinclude ca cresponse cto cthis cquestion cthat cdo cnot cutilize cdata cfrom cTable c 1 cabove cwill cbe crejected. c

Results cand cDiscussion

1. Use cthe cmeasured cdimensions cof cthe c 250 cg cmass cto ccalculate cthe cvolume cof cthe cmass cbased con cits cshape. cNote, cyou cwill cuse ca cdifferent cequation cfor ca chexagonal cmass cset cthan cyou cwould cfor ca ccylindrical cset. cShow cyour cwork. For ca ccylindrical cmass: cVolume, cV c= cπr²h Given: cDiameter c= c2.9 ccm c→ cRadius c(r) c= c2.9/2 c= c1.45 ccm c= c0.0145 cm cHeight c(h) c= c4.8 ccm c= c0.048 cm V c= cπ(0.0145)²(0.048) c V c≈ c3.14 c× c0.00021025 c× c0. V c≈ c3.17 c× c10⁻⁶ cm³
2. Use cthe cvalue cof cthe cbuoyant cforce cyou cobserved cin cTable c 3 cto ccalculate can cexperimental cvalue cof cthe cvolume cof cthe c 250 cgram cmass. cReport cthis cvalue cin cunits cof ckg/m^3 c(Fb c= cρLVD cg). cThe cdata cused cmust ccorrelate cto cthose cused cin cTable c3. cShow cyour cwork. Using cFb c= cρfluid c× cVdisplaced c× cg Given: cFb c= c0.2 cN cρwater c= c 1000 ckg/m³ cg c= c9.81 cm/s² Solving cfor cVdisplaced: Vdisplaced c= cFb c/ c(ρwater c× cg) Vdisplaced c= c0.2 c/ c(1000 c× c9.81) c Vdisplaced c≈ c2.04 c× c10⁻⁵ cm³
3. Determine cthe cpercent cdifference cbetween cthe cmeasured cvolume cof cthe c 250 cg cmass cfrom cQuestion c 1 cto cthe cvalue ccalculated cin cQuestion c2. cShow cyour cwork. Percent cDifference c= c[(Measured cVolume c- cExperimental cVolume) c/ c(Average cVolume)] c× c100% = c[(3.17 c× c10⁻⁶ c- c2.04 c× c10⁻⁵) c/ c( c(3.17 c× c10⁻⁶ c+ c2.04 c× c10⁻⁵) c/ c 2 c)] c× c100% = c[(-1.72 c× c10⁻⁵) c/ c(1.18 c× c10⁻⁵)] c× c100% ≈ c145.8%

1. Using cthe cfact cthat c 1 cmL cof cwater c= c 1 cx c 10 -^6 cm^3 , ccompare cthe cvolume cof cthe cdisplaced cwater cto cthe ccalculated cvolume cof cthe cmass cfrom cQuestion c 1 cwith ca cpercent cdifference ccalculation. cShow cyour cwork. Volume cof cdisplaced cwater: c20.4 cmL c= c20.4 c× c10⁻⁶ cm³ cMeasured cVolume cfrom cQ1: c3.17 c× c10⁻⁶ cm³ Percent cDifference c= c[(20.4 c× c10⁻⁶ c- c3.17 c× c10⁻⁶) c/ c((20.4 c× c10⁻⁶ c+ c3.17 c× c10⁻⁶) c/ c2)] c× c100% = c[17.23 c× c10⁻⁶ c/ c11.79 c× c10⁻⁶] c× c100% ≈ c146.2%
2. Use cthe cexperimental cweight cand cvolume cof cthe crubber cstopper cto ccalculate cthe cdensity cof cthe cstopper cin ckg/m^3 cusing cthe cequation cρ c= cm/v. cShow cyour cwork. Given: cWeight cin cair c= c0.3 cN cMass c(m) c= cWeight c/ cg c= c0.3 c/ c9.81 c= c0.0306 ckg cVolume cdisplaced c= c10.2 cmL c= c10.2 c× c10⁻⁶ cm³ Density c(ρ) c= cm c/ cV cρ c= c0.0306 ckg c/ c10.2 c× c10⁻⁶ cm³ cρ c≈ c 3000 ckg/m³
3. Research cthe cdensity cof cyour crubber cstopper conline. cWhat cdensity cvalue, cin ckg/m^3 , cdid cyou cfind? cHow cdoes cit ccompare cto cyour ccalculated cvalue cfrom cQuestion c5? c The cusual c cdensity cof ca crubber cstopper cis caround c 1100 - 1500 ckg/m³. cThe cexperimentally ccalculated cdensity c(3000 ckg/m³) cis csignificantly chigher, csuggesting ca cmeasurement cor cexperimental cerror, clikely cdue cto cincorrect cvolume cdisplacement creadings cor csystematic cerrors cin cthe cscale cmeasurements.