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According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, A. colors are more easily named when they appear printed in that color B, happy memori are processed better than sad memori C, memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information D. short-term memory itself has different forms - CORRECT ANSWER -memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. A. sexism B, suggestibility C. recognition D. reconstruction - CORRECT ANSWER -suggestibility Elaborative rehearsal involves A. immediately applying new information to a practical problem B, organizing information into manageable bits or chunks C, sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it D, thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory - CORRECT ANSWER -thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of A. chunking B, elaborative rehearsal C. mnemonic device D. persistence - CORRECT ANSWER -chunking Encoding information occurs through A. automatic processing and effortful processing B, automatic storing and effortful retrieving C. processing and storing D. storing and retrieving - CORRECT ANSWER -automatic processing and effortful processing Engram refers to the A. emotional focus of a memory B. mental trauma that creates a memory C. physical trace of a memory D. sensory component of a memory - CORRECT ANSWER -physical trace of a memory Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ; Memories are distorted by your current belief system. A. bias B. blocking C. suggestibility D, transience - CORRECT ANSWER -bias For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a , an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event. Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of , because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place, A, effortful processing B. effortless processing C. encoding failure D. enigmat > processing - CORRECT ANSWER -encoding failure People may not intend to distort facts, but A. itcan happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories B, other people will influence bystanders to change details in their short term memory C. people are unreliable and don't pay attention, so they make things up D, research proves it always happens when the event is unimportant - CORRECT ANSWER -it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories Remembering is a good example of episodic memory. A. how a hamburger tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself B. how to use the microwave C, what the word January means D, your first day of school - CORRECT ANSWER -your first day of school Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in A. another area of the brain compensating for the damage, enabling the brain compensate for the damage B, memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running C, rats that could not complete puzzles even when food was offered as a reward D, rats thar feared the researchers and avoided the cage that was closest to the researcher - CORRECT ANSWER -memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running The encoding of words and their meaning is known as encoding. A, acoustic B. efforcful C, semantic D. visual - CORRECT ANSWER -semantic The formulation of new memories is sometimes called , and the process of bringing up old memories is called A. coding; recoding B, construction; reconstruction C. equipotentiality; amnesia D. information; misinformation - CORRECT ANSWER -construction; reconstruction, What did Lashley develop by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired. their ability to complete that same task? A. chunking effect B, equipotentiality hypothesis C. levels of processing hypothesis D. Stroop effect - CORRECT ANSWER -equipotentiality hypothesis What is episodic memory? A. information about events we have personally experienced B, knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts C, storage of facts and events we have personally experienced D. type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things - CORRECT ANSWER - information about events we have personally experienced What is procedural memory? A. information about events we have personally experienced C, sensory memory D, Stroop effect - CORRECT ANSWER -selFreference effect What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall? A. explicit memories B, implicit memories C. sensory memories D. short-term memories - CORRECT ANSWER -explicit memories What is procedural memory? A, type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things B, information about events we have personally experienced C. knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts D. storage of facts and events we personally experienced - CORRECT ANSWER -type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things Engram refers to the A, physical trace ofa memory B, emotional focus of a memory C. mental trauma that creates a memory D. sensory component of a memory - CORRECT ANSWER -physical trace of a memory W memori ich concept describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false A, suggestibility B. anterograde amnesia C. misinformation effect paradigm D. reconstruction - CORRECT ANSWER -suggestibility What is episodic memory? A, information about events we have personally experienced B, knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts C. storage of facts and events we have personally experienced D. type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things - CORRECT ANSWER - information about events we have personally experienced Remembering is a good. example of episodic memory. A. your first day of school B, how a hamburger tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself C, how to use the microwave D. what the word January means - CORRECT ANSWER -your first day of school In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called A. rehearsal B, declarative memory C. hyperthymesia D. relearning - CORRECT ANSWER -rehearsal Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding? A. remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY- B. being able to hum the tune to a song after hearing it only once C, dreaming about a beach and. deciding to take a vacation D, thinking about a car you plan to buy and having the image of the car appear in your mind - CORRECT ANSWER -remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-B1V When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to memory, also called non-declarative memory. D. research proves it always happens when the event is unimportant - CORRECT ANSWER -it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of » because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place. A. encoding failure B. effortful processing C. effortless processing D, enigmatic processing - CORRECT ANSWER -encoding failure The formulation of new memories sometimes called , and the process of bringing up old memories is called A. construction; reconstruction B. coding; recoding C. equipotentiality; amnesia D, information; misinformation - CORRECT ANSWER -construction; reconstruction Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of interference. A, retroactive B. active C. inactive D. proactive - CORRECT ANSWER -retro: When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the A. misinformation effect paradigm B, Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm C. equipotentiality hypothesis D. levels of processing theory - CORRECT ANSWER -misinformation effect paradigm Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of . A. chunking B, elaborative rehearsal C. mnemonic device D. persistence - CORRECT ANSWER -chunking Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories? A. Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory. B, Strong emotional experiences stimulate the cerebellum and thyroid, the centers of emotional memory. C, Strong emotional memories are transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory more quickly than weak emotional memories. D. Weak emotional memories involve effortless processing and strong emotional memories involve effortful processing. - CORRECT ANSWER -Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory. Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct? A. Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion. B, Eyewitness testimony is always reliable. C. Eyewitness testimony is never reliable. D, Eyewitness testimony is reliable for events that do not involve crime, - CORRECT ANSWER -Tyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion. How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory? 
