PHYSIOLOGY 1021 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE
Physiology - Answer -Study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its
component parts.
Homeostasis - Answer -The ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal
environment. Also, the process is dynamic and fluctuations are normal.
Negative Feedback - Answer -A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a
change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that
counteracts the initial fluctuation.
negative feedback loop - Answer -To help homeostasis, the body uses this to help
monitor and respond to changes in the internal environment.
extracellular fluid (ECF/ Interstitial fluid) - Answer -fluid outside the cell
intracellular fluid - Answer -fluid within cells
Relationship of the Cell and Extracellular fluid - Answer -Cells within our body are
surrounded by extracellular fluid which serves to act as transition between the external
environment and the intracellular fluid inside cells.
Ion composition of the inside vs outside of a cell - Answer -Salty Banana (salt on the
outside, and banana on the inside)
cell membrane (+3 functions) - Answer -A cell structure that controls which substances
can enter or leave the cell. Made up of phospholipids to form a phospolipid bilayer.
1. Physical isolation
2. Exchange with the environment
3. Communication
phospholipid molecule - Answer -fundamental repeating unit within a plasma
membrane; it has two parts---head group (polar + hydrophilic) and tail group (non-polar
+ hydrophobic).
Cell membrane proteins roles(4) - Answer -1. Ion Channels
2. Enzymes
3. Receptors
4. Membrane carriers
membrane transport (5 Methods) - Answer -1. Endo/exocytosis
-phagocytosis of small molecules
2. Diffusion through lipid bilayer
- Fat-soluble molecules
