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PHYSIOLOGY - NERVOUS SYSTEM - MCQ, Lecture notes of Physiology

University of Diyala (UD)Physiology

PHYSIOLOGY -NERVOUS SYSTEM. I. Which of the following is an example of monosynaptic reflex? A. Stretch reflex. B. Withdrawal reflex. C. Abdominal reflex.

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PHYSIOLOGY -NERVOUS SYSTEM
I. Which of the following is an example of monosynaptic reflex?
A. Stretch reflex
B. Withdrawal reflex
C. Abdominal reflex
D. Baroreceptor reflex
E. All of the above
2. Which of the following statements regarding muscle spindle is FALSE?
A. It contains nuclear bag & nuclear chain fibers, which are responsible for dynamic &
static responses respectively.
B. It is important as a feedback sensor to give information about muscle length
e. It has no contractile elements at all
D. Increased Ay motor efferent discharge to muscle spindle will lead to increased muscle
spindle sensitivity to stretch.
E. Muscle spindle afferent does not fire if the muscle is actively contracted as extrafusal
fiber shortened without intrafusal fiber being shortened.
3. Duration of knee jerk reflex response is in the order of:
A. 10 ms
B. 20 ms
C. 30 ms
D. 40ms
E. 50 ms
4. Increased muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch secondary to increased Ay efferent
discharge can occur with:
A. Anxiety
B. Hypertonia
C. Skin stimulation on the ipsilateral skin
D. Jendrassiks maneuver
E. All of the above
5. Which of the following statement regarding withdrawal reflex is INCORRECT?
A. It is characterized by flexion of the ipsilateral limb & extension of the contralateral
limb when strong noxious stimuli are applied to the skin.
B. Flexing pattern is constant despite the site of stimuli varying in the limb.
e. Withdrawal reflex is prepotent & excludes other reflex activity from taking place.
D. Increased strength of stimuli will increase the number of motor units being recruited
& increase the duration of response.
E. Supramaximal stimulation of sensory nerve of a limb never produces as strong a
contraction in flexural muscle as elicited by direct electrical stimulation of the muscle
itself.
PHYSIOLOGY -NERVOUS SYSTEM -MCQ
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PHYSIOLOGY - NERVOUS SYSTEM

I. Which of the following is an example of monosynaptic reflex? A. Stretch reflex B. Withdrawal reflex C. Abdominal reflex D. Baroreceptor reflex E. All of the above

  1. Which of the following statements regarding muscle spindle is FALSE? A. It contains nuclear bag & nuclear chain fibers, which are responsible for dynamic & static responses respectively. B. It is important as a feedback sensor to give information about muscle length e. It has no contractile elements at all D. Increased Ay motor efferent discharge to muscle spindle will lead to increased muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch. E. Muscle spindle afferent does not fire if the muscle is actively contracted as extrafusal fiber shortened without intrafusal fiber being shortened.
  2. Duration of knee jerk reflex response is in the order of: A. 10 ms B. 20 ms C. 30 ms D. 40ms E. 50 ms
  3. (^) Increased muscle spindle sensitivity to stretch secondary to increased Ay efferent discharge can occur with: A. Anxiety B. Hypertonia C. Skin stimulation on the ipsilateral skin D. Jendrassiks maneuver E. All of the above
  4. Which of the following statement regarding withdrawal reflex is INCORRECT? A. It is characterized by flexion of the ipsilateral limb & extension of the contralateral limb when strong noxious stimuli are applied to the skin. B. Flexing pattern is constant despite the site of stimuli varying in the limb. e. Withdrawal reflex is prepotent & excludes other reflex activity from taking place. D. Increased strength of stimuli will increase the number of motor units being recruited & increase the duration of response. E. Supramaximal stimulation of sensory nerve of a limb never produces as strong a contraction in flexural muscle as elicited by direct electrical stimulation of the muscle itself.
  1. Which of the following statements regarding sensory nervous system is INCORRECT? A. 10 sensory nerve fibers for fine touch & proprioception travels up the ipsilateral dorsal column of spinal cord to reach the medulla B. 10 sensory nerve fibers for temperature & pain travel up the ipsilateral antero-lateral column of spinal cord to reach the thalamus. C. Fibers in the dorsal column do not decussate in spinal cord D. Antero-lateral column also give sensory input to the reticular formation E. Impulses from sensory nuclei in the substantia gelatinosa are modified by the impulses from descending tracts from the brain & collateral fibers.
  2. Which of the following statement regarding sensory fiber arrangement in the spinal cord is CORRECT? A. In the ventral spino-thalamic tract, cervical sensory fibers are arranged closer to the midline than the sacral fibers B. In the dorsal column, sacral sensory fibers are arranged closer to the midline than the cervical fibers C. In the lateral spino-thalamic tract, cervical sensory fibers are arranged closer to the midline than the sacral fibers D. All of the above E. None of the above
  3. Cortical representation of somatic sensation lies in: A. Central fissure B. Pre-central gyrus C. Post-central gyrus D. Posterior parietal cortex E. None of the above
  4. Which of the following statement regarding sensory cortex is TRUE? A. Cells for various sensory modality for a given body part is arranged in columns in the 10 sensory cortex. B. 20 sensory cortex is found in the sylvian fissure C. 10 sensory cortex is important for sensory processing regarding position sense & discrimination of size & shape of the objects. D. 20 sensory cortex is important for learning based on tactile discrimination E. All of the above
  5. Which type of sensation is most affected in the lesions in sensory cortex? A. Position & fine touch B. Temperature differentiation C. Pain D. Gross touch E. All are equally affected

16.Which of the following statements regarding referred pain is INCORRECT? A. Superficial somatic pain is sometimes referred. B. Referred pain usually occurs to a structure from the same dermatomal distribution. C. Referred pain could be due to convergence of peripheral nerve fiber onto spino thalamic tract, leading to misinterpretation of the site of pain by the brain. D. Maxillary sinus pain is usually referred to the teeth. E. All of the above

  1. Opiods act on the following site to produce analgesia: A. Opiod receptors on afferent nerve fibers at the site of injury. B. Presynaptic opiod receptors at the dorsal hom to inhibit release of substance P C. Rostral sites in brain-stem D. All of the above E. None of the above
  2. Which of the following statements regarding aqueous humor is FALSE? A. Aqueous humor is produced by ciliary body by active transport B. Aqueous humor is reabsorbed through the trabecular meshwork into the canal of Schlemn. C. Canal of Schlemn is found at the anterior chamber angle. D. Acute angle closure glaucoma is due to the obstruction of anterior chamber angle. E. Open angle glaucoma is due to reduced permeability of the trabecular meshwork.
  3. Which of the followings statements regarding visual reception is INCORRECT? A. Rods & cones are hidden beneath an array of neurons in the retina. B. Impulses from rods & cones converge onto a network of neurons & ultimately to the optic nerve. C. Pigment epithelium absorbs light rays to prevent reflection. D. Optic disk is situated at the posterior pole of the globe. E. There are no rods or cones over the optic disk.
  4. Which of the following statements about the retina is FALSE? A. Macula lutea is the point of greatest visual acuity. B. (^) Retinal blood vessels supply the rods & cones in retina. C. There are no blood vessels in the macula lutea D. There are no rods in the macula lutea E. All of the above
  5. Which of the following statements regarding visual pathways is INCORRECT? A. Objects in the temporal visual field is sensed by the nasal hemiretina B. Interruption of optic nerve leads to blindness in the ipsilateral eye only C. Fibers from temporal hemiretina decussate at the optic chiasm D. Lateral geniculate body receives fibers from the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina & contralateral nasal hemiretina.
  1. Which of the following statements regarding visual receptors is FALSE? A. Outer segment is the photosensitive part of rods & cones that initiates the action potential in the visual pathway. B. Inner segment is important for the metabolic activity of rods & cones. C. Rods predominates in the retina (except in the fovea). D. Cones in the fovea converge onto bipolar nuclei. E. Cones are more important for acuity & color vision.
  2. Which of the following retinal neurons generate "all or none" action potentials? A. Ganglion cell B. Bipolar cell C. Horizontal cell D. Amacrine cell E. Rods & cones.
  3. Which of the following statement regarding cone & rods is FALSE? A. Cone receptor potential has sharp onset & offset B. Rod receptor potential has sharp onset & slow offset C. Cone responds to a stimulus at a level of illumination below that of rods D. Both cones & rods generate hyperpolarizing potential when stimulated E. Sodium channels in the outer segment of rods & cones are closed when strike by light.
  4. Which of the following statements regarding lateral geniculate body is TRUE? A. Each lamina of the lateral geniculate body has a precise mapping of the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina & contralateral nasal hemiretina B. Lateral geniculate body also receives input from the visual cortex & other brain regions. C. Magnocellular pathway carries signals for detection of movement & depth to the visual cortex D. Parvocellular pathway carries signals for texture, shape & fine details to the visual cortex. E. All of the above
  5. Which of the following statements are TRUE? A. Visual cortex is arranged in 6 layers, each responsible for processing different type of visual information. B. Parietal cortex, temporal cortex & cingulate gyrus also have 20 visual processing function C. Reduced visual threshold of cones is responsible for the initial rapid reduction in visual threshold in dark adaptation D. Time required for dark adaptation is determined by the time required to building rhodospin stores. E. All of the above
  1. Which of the following sleep disorder is associated with REM sleep? A. Nocturnal enuresis B. Narcolepsy C. Night tremors D. Sleep walking E. None of the above
  2. Which of the following comments regarding lateral corticospinal tract is FALSE? A. It contains 80% fiber of the corticospinal pathway. B. It decussates at the level of medullary pyramids. C. It innervates lateral nuclei in the anterior hom. D. It controls axial muscle mainly & so is important for posture regulation E. None of the above
  3. Regarding corticospinal (corticobulbar) tract: A. 30% of corticospinal (corticobulbar) tract is contributed by motor cortex. B. 30% of corticospinal (corticobulbar) tract is contributed by premotor cortex. C. 40% of corticospinal (corticobulbar) tract is contributed by somatosensory cortex. D. All of the above E. None of the above
  4. Which of the following statement regarding the motor homoculus is FALSE? A. Face is represented bilaterally on the motor cortex. B. (^) It is located at the post-central gyrus C. Body parts that perform finely skilled movements have larger representation on the motor cortex. D. The limbs are represented on the contralateral cortex E. All of the above
  5. Which of the following statements regarding lesions in the motor control pathways is INCORRECT? A. In a right-handed subject, left motor cortical lesion lead to both left^ &^ right hand motor dysfunction. B. In a right-handed subject, right motor cortical lesion leads to left hand motor dysfunction. C. (^) In small focal ischemic lesions in the motor cortex, adjacent undamaged areas may learn to take over the responsibility of the damaged areas, thus restoring motor function D. Babinski sign is a localizing sing to anterior corticospinal tract lesion E. All of the above
  1. Which of the following pairing of cortical area & its function is INCORRECT? A. 10 motor cortex - control of basic motor movement B. Premotor cortex - control of distal motor function C. (^) Supplementary motor cortex - planning of complex motor activity D. Posterior parietal cortex - planning & integration of sensory & motor function including learned sequences of movements E. None of the above.
  2. Duration of spinal shock in human lasts a minimum of : A. 2 days B. I week C. 2 weeks D. 1 month E. 2 months
  3. Which of the following statement regarding spinal shock is INCORRECT? A. It is characterized by hyperactive reflex immediately after spinal cord transection. B. The resting membrane potential during spinal shock is 2-6mV higher than normal. C. 1st response regained after spinal shock is slight contraction of leg flexion & adductor in response to pain. D. It may be prolonged with infection & malnutrition. E. Administration of high dose steroid post transection can minimize loss of function & foster recovery.
  4. Complication of spinal cord transection includes: A. Decubitus ulcer B. Catabolic state with negative nitrogen balance C. Hypercalcemia & renal calculi D. Urinary tract infection E. All of the above
  5. Chronic spinal patient does not have: A. Hyperactive stretch reflex B. Flaccid hypotonic bladder C. Widely swing blood pressure due to loss of baroreceptor reflex D. Loss of vasomotor control resulting in sweating & blanching of skin. E. Mass reflex to minor noxious stimuli to skin
  6. Which of the following statements regarding decerebration is FALSE? A. Initial period is marked by spinal shock. B. Decerebrated animal is able to stand. C. Spasticity is due to increased excitability of a motor neuron & y motor neuron. D. Pattern of decerebration rigidity varies with position. E. (^) Increased rigidity & extension of ipsilateral limb when head is turned to I side.
  1. Cerebellum receives input from the following sites EXCEPT: A. Labyrinth & vestibular nuclei B. Somatosensory pathways C. Visual impulses from tectum D. Motor cortex E. All of the above
  2. Destruction of cerebellum leads to the following EXCEPT: A. Ataxia B. Hypertonia C. Dysmetria D. Dysdiadochokinesia E. Impaired learning of coordination of repetitive tasks
  3. Which of the following regarding hair cells is FALSE? A. (^) More than 90% of afferent neuron of CNS innervates the inner hair cells. B. Most of the efferent neuron of CNS innervates the outer hair cells. C. Cochlear nerve connects the hair cells to the dorsal & ventral cochlear nuclei in the medulla. D. Hair cell processes are bathed in perilymph. E. All of the above
  4. Cochlear nuclei projects to the following location EXCEPT: A. Inferior Colliculi B. Reticular formation C. Vestibulocerebellum D. Superior olives E. None of the above
  5. Which of the following statements regarding semicircular canals is FALSE? A. Basal end of the semicircular canal is in contact with the afferent neurons B. Resting membrane potential is about -60mV C. Hyperpolarization occur if the cilia is pushed in 1 direction & depolarization occurs if it is pushed in the opposite direction D. Perilymph has high potassium composition E. All of the above
  6. Normal human's threshold pressure for sound amplitude is: A. 0-140 dB B. 40-1S0 dB C. 80-220 dB D. 120-240 dB E. 160-280 dB
  1. Which of the following regarding hearing is TRUE? A. Ossicle system serves to magnify the sound pressure arriving at the oval window. B. Tympanic reflex is adequate to protect an individual from excess stimulation caused by strong sound waves C. In a normal subject, bone conduction is faster than air conduction D. Amplitudes of waves set up in the perilymph in scala vestibule are constant. E. Inner hair cells act to improve hearing by influencing vibration patterns of the basilar membrane.
  2. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Pitch of tone cannot be perceived unless it lasts for> 0.01 seconds. B. Each axon in the cochlear nerve discharges to sound of I frequency only. C. Frequency of sound is encoded in the auditory cortex D. Auditory cortex respond to onset, duration, direction & repetition rate of auditory stimulus E. Interpretation of sound signals occurs in auditory association cortex & L Broca's area.
  3. Causes of conduction deafness include: A. Destruction of auditory ossicles B. Wax or foreign bodies in the external auditory canal C. Ear drum thickening D. Abnormal rigidity of stapes attached to the oval window E. All of the above
  4. Nerve deafuess can be due to: A. Hair cell degeneration secondary to aminoglycosides B. Prolonged noise exposure C. Medullary vascular damage D. Cerebropontine angle & CN8 tumor E. All of the above
  5. Which of the following statements regarding vestibular function is FALSE? A. Macular discharge tonically in absence of movement because of gravity. B. Impulses from macula & utricle allow reflex adjustment of head movement & posture. C. Linear acceleration does not stimulate cristae in the semicircular canal D. Nystagmus is not present in the blind E. Nystagmus is a reflex that maintains visual fixation on stationary points as the body rotates.

ANSWERS:

1. A 11. C 21. C 31. E 41. E 51. B

2. C 12. B 22.D 32. C 42.B 52. D

3. B 13. B 23. A 33. B 43. A 53. C

4. E 14. D 24. C 34. D 44.D 54.D

5. B 15. E 25.E 35.D 45.C 55. A

6. B 16. A 26. E 36. B 46.A 56.A

7. D 17. D 27. A 37. D 47. E 57. C

8. C 18. A 28.D 38.B 48.B 58.E

9. E 19. D 29.E 39. C 49.D 59.E

1O.A 20.B 30.B 40. A 50.D 60. D

61. C

62.E

63. C

64.E