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Piaget - Human Development - Lecture Slides, Slides of Human Development

Himgiri Zee UniversityHuman Development

Piaget, Piaget Theory, Important Concepts, Adaptation Processes, Quantitative Vs Qualitative Development, Piaget Stages, Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Piaget Conservation Tasks, Mental Operations. Above mentioned are either slide title of slide or any other important term described in this lecture of Human Development course.

Typology: Slides

2011/2012

Uploaded on 12/22/2012

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Piaget
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Jean Piaget
Piaget’s Theory: Important Concepts
Constructivism
Knowledge is constructed through experience with
the world
The child is an active participant in his/her own
development (not passive learners).
Schemas (AKA schemes)
Knowledge structures that
guide the child how to act on
the world
Piaget’s Theory: Important Concepts
•Adaptation processes (Changing Schemas)
–Assimilation
–Accommodation
•Equilibrium
–No change. New knowledge state matches
current information/schema
•Disequilibrium
–Must change AND reorganize schemas! New
knowledge doesn’t match current
organization.
Piaget’s Theory: Important Concepts
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Development
Piaget: Development occurs in stages
Piaget’s Stages
•Sensorimotor Stage
–Ages 0-2
•Preoperational Stage
–Ages 2-7
•Concrete Operational Stage
–Ages 7-11
•Formal Operational Stage
–Ages 11+
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Jean Piaget

Piaget’s Theory: Important Concepts

 Constructivism

 Knowledge is constructed through experience with the world  The child is an active participant in his/her own development (not passive learners).  Schemas (AKA schemes) Knowledge structures that guide the child how to act on the world

Piaget’s Theory: Important Concepts

  • Adaptation processes (Changing Schemas)
    • Assimilation
    • Accommodation
  • Equilibrium
    • No change. New knowledge state matches current information/schema
  • Disequilibrium
    • Must change AND reorganize schemas! New knowledge doesn’t match current organization.

Piaget’s Theory: Important Concepts

 Quantitative vs. Qualitative Development

 Piaget: Development occurs in stages Piaget’s Stages

  • Sensorimotor Stage
    • Ages 0- 2
  • Preoperational Stage
    • Ages 2- 7
  • Concrete Operational Stage
    • Ages 7- 11
  • Formal Operational Stage
    • Ages 11+

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What can infants in the Sensorimotor

Period do?

  • Reflexes, perceptual abilities, and basic

learning mechanisms (assimilation, accommodation,

equilibration)

  • Form fundamental concepts (time, space, & causality)
  • Knowledge is limited to immediate

perceptions and actions

How do these abilities develop during

the sensorimotor stage?

  1. Simple Reflexes
  2. Habits and Primary Circular Reactions
  3. Secondary Circular Reactions
  4. Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions
  5. Tertiary Circular Reactions

How does the Sensorimotor Stage end?

6. Substage 6: Internalization of

Schemas

  • 18 to 24 months
  • Mental Representation
    • Deferred Imitation
  • Can use symbols (e.g., words), but cannot think symbolically
    • Can pretend to use a telephone
    • Cannot pretend a banana is a telephone Preoperational Stage (ages 2-7)
  • Symbolic Thought
  • Can use a symbol, an object, or a word to

stand for something else

  • Words as symbols
    • Can talk about the past and future, not just the immediate situation

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  • Operations on actual (“concrete”) objects

and events

  • Cannot think abstractly
    • Example: justice, freedom
  • Cannot think hypothetically

Concrete operations only Concrete Operations Stage

(Ages 7-11)

  • Can pass classification problems:
    • Are there more gray marbles, or are there more marbles?
  • Can pass seriation tasks
    • Arranging items in order 14 Formal Operations Stage (11+)

Mental Representations

Manipulation of Symbols

Logic & Concrete Operations (Reversible)

Hypothetical and Abstract thinking

Formal Operations Stage (11+)

  • Hypothetical/Abstract Thinking
    • Can form abstract rules
      • Adding 1 to an even number = odd
    • Solve problems systematically
      • Can plan ahead!
    • Appreciate “vague” concepts, like love, fairness, and values.

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Piaget’s Pendulum Problem

Dialoguing with Piaget:

What he might have missed

  • Underestimated children’s abilities
    • Children can pass modified tasks at earlier ages.
  • Stage-like progression too rigid
    • Conservation & Classification emerge separately
    • Training on a task can advance children to the next ‘stage’
  • Stages are not cross-culturally universal.

Research since Piaget:

Object Permanence Example

  • Background:
    • What is object permanence?
    • What is habituation?
    • What is the “violation of expectation” task?
    • How did Baillargeon demonstrate that

infants have object permanence?

19 Do infants know more than Piaget thought?

  • “Violation of Expectation” Tasks

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How Information Is Used: Schaie’s Stages

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