Endocrine, DM and renal Care Block ! 1
Pituitary gland
❖What is ADH ?
-Antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin) is mainly
synthesized in the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
and enhances water reabsorption from the collecting
ducts in the kidneys .
❖What is Sheehan’s syndrome?
-necrosis of the pituitary gland, is a rare complication of postpartum
hemorrhage
-The pituitary gland is physiologically enlarged in pregnancy and is
therefore very sensitive to the decreased blood flow caused by
massive hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock.
-Varying degrees of hypopituitarism, ranging from
panhypopituitarism to only selective pituitary deficiencies.
-The anterior pituitary is more susceptible to damage than the
posterior pituitary.
❖What are the most common causes of amenorrhea in female?
-Amenorrhea is a normal feature in prepubertal , pregnant,
and postmenopausal females. In females of reproductive
age, pregnancy is the common etiology.
❖What are the side effects of bromocriptine?
-nausea, headache, postural hypotension , constipation .
❖What is the clinical presentation of GH secreting pituitary
adenoma arise before puberty?
-gigantism.
❖What is the typical visual disorder in acromegaly patients?
-bitemporal hemianopia (optic chiasm )
❖How do you assess Visual field?
Examination of the visual fields by confrontation
• Sit opposite patient • You and patient cover opposite Eyes
• Bring red pin (or wiggling finger) slowly into view from extreme
of your vision, as shown
• Ask patient to say ‘now’ when it comes into view .
• Continue to move pin into centre of vision and ask patient to tell
