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PJM Test Questions With Correct Answers
Which of the following balancing control modes is used by PJM under normal operations? - ANSWER- Tie-Line Bias Which of the following influences does PJM consider when performing their system load forecast? - ANSWER-Weather Conditions & Day of the Week All of the following are limits that must be submitted to PJM for generating units EXCEPT:
- Eco Min
- Eco Max
- Emergency Max
- Dynamic Instability - ANSWER-Dynamic Instability If PJM experienced an event that caused the loss of a 1,000 MW generator, which of the following would most likely provide the quickest impact to improve the undegenerating Area Control Area (ACE)?
- Remedial Action Reserve
- Synch Reserve
- Non-Synch Reserve
- Secondary Reserve - ANSWER-Synch Reserve Your system has experienced an event that caused the frequency to drop below 60.00 Hz, what would be the most likely event that occurred? - ANSWER-A generator on your system tripped offline How does the PJM dispatcher inform the Members of the PJM regulation Requirements? - ANSWER-All- Call In order for your generator to quality to supply regulation in the PJM Regulation market, it must be able to respond and attain its desired output within how many minutes? - ANSWER-5 minutes
Based on a generator capability curve, in order to maximize the MVAR output of the generator, it may be necessary to: - ANSWER-decrease the MW output of the unit PJM maintains a regulation quality standard which states that a generator may be certified to provide regulation only after it achieves three consecutive regulation test scores of at least - ANSWER-75% Which of the following would NOT be a cause for a sudden deviation in the balancing area ACE?
- incorrect interchange number
- loss of a tie-line RTU
- loss of internal load
- loss of adjacent control area generation - ANSWER-loss of adjacent control area generation The primary purpose for the balancing area to have Regulation is to correct for: - ANSWER-small deviations in load It is necessary for Generation Owner dispatchers to notify PJM of unplanned unit outages: - ANSWER-as soon as practicable PJM should be made aware of any fuel shortage that a generator may experience. This information assists in analyzing the resources and reliably operating the system. A heightened awareness is expected during: - ANSWER-extreme hot or cold conditions Generators are required to obtain PJM approval prior to removing a generating unit from service. The only exception is for: - ANSWER-injury to personnel will be prevented Prior to removing a self-scheduled generator from service, the PJM member must first - ANSWER-give PJM the option to takeover the unit for the market
What is the hourly threshold for reporting to PJM that the unit cannot operate at its maximum capacity due to the fuel limitation? - ANSWER-72 hours What is the regulation requirement for the PJM balancing area during on-peak hours? - ANSWER-1.0% of the forecasted peak load What is the time requirement that a generator that wishes to self-schedule itself must provide to PJM? - ANSWER-20 minutes The PJM Peak Period Maintenance season occurs: - ANSWER-Between the 24th & 36th Wednesdays of the year Maintenance outage extensions may be granted provided that the request for an extension is made - ANSWER-Prior to the end of the outage What is the maximum time limit for the maintenance outages that occur during the PJM Peak Period Maintenance season? - ANSWER-9 days Which of the following is NOT a control mode that PJM considers? - ANSWER-Frequency Bias What are the two NERC control standards that PJM must score at least 100% in order to be compliant? - ANSWER-DCS (Disturbance Control Standard) and CPS When PJM activates shared reserves with NPCC, what is the normal ramp of the MW when the event is activated? - ANSWER-0 minutes What is the regulation required for operating the PJM balancing area during the midnight period? - ANSWER-1.0% of the forecasted peak load What is the threshold for PJM assigning or de-assigning regulation to generators? - ANSWER-+ / - 15 MW of the requirement
During system restoration, where is the most effecting operating point for those generators that are supplying regulation to the system? - ANSWER-At t he middle of their regulating operating range If you have three 150 MW generators with each having an eco min of 50 MW and emergency min of 20 MW, what would be the total Emergency Reducible amount that you would report to PJM? - ANSWER- 90 MW What would be the normal first step to be taken by the PJM Generation Dispatcher after a 1,000 MW unit tripping caused the ACE to indicate and the balancing area to be in a situation of severe under generation? - ANSWER-order all generators to load spinning reserve During severe Geomagnetic activity, PJM observes an indication of > 10 amperes at Missouri Avenue facility that is confirmed by a second source. The PJM operator should immediately implement: - ANSWER-Conservative Operation What emergency procedure would cause all Generation Owner Operators to submit emergency reducible information to PJM control center? - ANSWER-Min Gen Alert PJM issues a Cold Weather Alert when the forecasted temperature in Philadelphia is expected to be less than or equal to: - ANSWER-10 degrees F Which of the following facilities would be given a priority in restoring auxiliary power following a PJM system blackout?
- a generator that was online and t ripped but has a ruptured turbine disk
- a drum type oil fired unit that tripped during the event and has no damage
- a CT that is remote and has a 30% dependability rating
During minimum generation conditions, in addition to having excess generation online, what is another problem that is usually incurred? - ANSWER-High voltages During restoration conditions, what amount of load must be shed in order to attain an increase in frequency 1.0 Hz? - ANSWER-6 - 10% During restoration conditions, sufficient load and generation must be available due to reactive charging currents. What is the approximate MVAR per mile of 500 kV transmission that should be anticipated? - ANSWER- 1.70 MVAR per mile Following a system shutdown, system frequency during the restoration process should be maintained at which of the following levels? - ANSWER-between 59.75 and 61.00 Hz Leading up to PJM emergency conditions, if PJM has the appropriate warning and time to implement all of their emergency procedures, what would be the typical order for issuing them? - ANSWER-Alerts, Warnings, Actions What is the dynamic reserve for a Generation Owner who has a steam generator online capacity of 1,000 MW and a CT online capacity of 200 MW assuming the rule of thumb is steam 5%, CT 25%, and hydro 15%? - ANSWER-100 mw Which of the following generators would quality for synchronized reserve under non-restoration conditions? a quickstart CT that can be loaded in 8 minutes a 300 mw steam unit that is at full output a hydro unit that is offline
a 150 MW steam unit that is loaded at 75 mw - ANSWER-a 150 MW steam unit that is loaded at 75 mw Following a system disturbance that caused a partial blackout, what would be the order of actions to be taken by the system operator?
- stabilize the generators that survived the event
- I.D. the sequence for restoring generation
- I.D. which generators will require auxiliary power
- Assess system and determine surviving units - ANSWER-4, 1, 3, 2 What is the criteria for PJm to issue a Min Gen Alert? - ANSWER-Implemented when expected generation level is within 2500 MW or normal minimum limits a 300 MW generator is capable of providing 60 MVAR at full energy output and be within the limits of its generator operating curve. The generator is currently operating at its max MW & MVAR output, when due to voltage problems PJM requests and additional 50 MVAR support from the generator. What action will have to be taken in order to accommodate PJM's request? - ANSWER-The energy output will have to be reduced in order to increase the MVAR output. PJM's minimum source requirements state that in order to restore any 500 kV transmission lines there should be a minimum amount of close generation connected at 230 kV or higher. What is he minimum amount? - ANSWER-600 mw How often are LMPs calculated for the Real Time market? - ANSWER-every 5 mins
According to the PJM market timeline, if a generator is not accepted in the day ahead market, it can submit a new bid during what period? - ANSWER-4:00 - 6:00 PM If a company has a regulation obligation, which of the following is NOT an option for satisfying their obligation?
- purchase the reg from the PJM Reg Mkt.
- self schedule a generator to provide reg
- Purchase the regulation from a generator outside of the PJM control area
- enter into a regulation bilateral with another company within PJM - ANSWER-Purchase the regulation from a generator outside of the PJM control area If PJM has an estimated peak load forecast for the on-peak period of 85, 000 MW and your company regulation obligation is 10%, what would be your company's regulation obligation? - ANSWER-85 mw If you won generators that you wish to bid in to the PJM Day Ahead market, what PJM tool would you use to submit the bids? - ANSWER-eMarket Which of the following is an acceptable item for a Generation Owner to submit as part of their bid into the day-ahead market?
- cost of their planned outage
- start up and no load cost
- transportation cost for fuel delivery
- cost for maintaining unit controls to run on AGC - ANSWER-Start Up & No Load Cost
What is the deadline for submitting generator bids into the DA market? - ANSWER-1200 hrs Which of the following items is NOT considered when clearing e DA market?
- generation offers
- PJM load forecast
- increment offers
- bilateral transaction schedules - ANSWER-PJM load forecast PJM performs a Reliability Assessment Commitment starting with the results of the DA market. What philosophy does PJM use when performing this RAC? - ANSWER-Minimize start ups and no loads All of the following is data that is sent from the PJM Control Center to market Operation Centers EXCEPT:
- Regulation capability
- Dispatch Cost
- Area Control Error
- Regulation Signal - ANSWER-Regulation capability
Which of the following, is the first reliability related action that a Generation Owner dispatcher should take when one of its generation facilities develops a problem that will require the generator to reduce is MW output? - ANSWER-Inform PJM dispatch and updated eDART A PJM Member has been granted a maintenance outage for one of their generators and has scheduled the generator to be removed from service at 2300 this evening. at 1900, the generator's tube leak worsened, and the generator tripped offline. The generator outage will be listed as: - ANSWER-Forced outage All of the following elements must be reported to PJM when an IRC is requested EXCEPT:
- operating reserves
- synchronized reserve
- Generator MVAR reserves
- Non-synchronized reserves - ANSWER-generator MVAR reserves When PJM issues Max Emergency Generation alter and places Max Emergency MWs into the capacity, what reporting mechanism is also initiated? - ANSWER-Supplementary Status Report (SSR) The criteria for a generator to be qualified as Non-Synchronized reserves is that the unit can be synchronized and loaded in how many minutes? - ANSWER-10 minutes A generating unit trips offline while operating as a mitigating action fro a PJM constraint.
The Generation owner dispatcher should notify PJM and their Local Control Center: - ANSWER- immediately Daily capacity numbers that are reported to PJM dispatcher throughout the operating day should be based on what generator limit? - ANSWER-Eco Max What is the benefit of the PJM system operators requesting members to submit information for completing and IRC? - ANSWER-I.D. any reserve shortages that may exist How many synchronized reserve MWs should you report to PJM for a generator that has an eco min of 50 MW, Eco Max of 150 MW, current output of 100 MW, and can ramp at a rate of 8 MW per minute? - ANSWER-50 mw Real time transmission constraints or contingencies may be alleviated with generators operating - ANSWER-off cost (out of merit) Monitoring LMP may give insights into - ANSWER-system contraints PJM calls for which of the following to recover the ACE so that tie line schedules are maintained? - ANSWER-100% spinning If not cancelled by PJM, the min gen alert expires: - ANSWER-at the end of the specified light load period When PJM declares a hot weather alert, the generation dispatcher should:
- determine if maintenance can be deferred
- notify transmission operators
- notify all generating stations and key personnel
Which of the following one-way communication system is used to disseminate information to market operation centers? - ANSWER-All-Call Real time bus prices may be monitored using - ANSWER-eDATA Which of the following actions is a violation of PJM two settlement market rules?
- bidding a unit DA on a price-based schedule
- not bidding demand (load) into the DA market
- not bidding an available PJM capacity resource into the DA market
- making the Eco high limit and the emergency high limit the same - ANSWER-not bidding an available PJM capacity resource into the DA market A unit that fails to start when scheduled, would be classified as which of the following types of outages?
- planned
- maintenance
- forced
- self-scheduled - ANSWER-forced Maximum emergency generation is declaredby PJM when which of the following occurs?
- sales to outside systems are greater than the largest contingency
- neighboring control areas initiate 5% voltage reduction
- system frequency is below 59.98 Hz and ACE shows undergeneration
- generation is required above the highest incremental economic system cost - ANSWER-generation is required above the highest incremental economic system cost If PJM ACE shows overgeneration, actual imports are: - ANSWER-less than scheduled Which of the following reports will PJM request when a maximum emergency generation alert is issued?
- ANSWER-Supplementary Status Report (SSR) If a fossil steam unit has less than 32 hours of fuel at max capacity, it should be bid at: - ANSWER- maximum emergency The loss of a large generation unit on the PJM system can be detected by monitoring - ANSWER- frequency and PJM area control error During system restoration operations, a member company has a steam capacity of 600 MW, combustion turbine capacity of 200 MW, and 100 MW of hydro capacity. The load factors (governor response) are 5%, 25%, and 15% respectively. Also, 50 MW of load with underfrequency load shedding enabled has been restored. What is the total governor reserve capability of the company's steam, CT, and hydro units? - ANSWER-95 MW a 1000 MW unit has tripped in the PJM control area and the PJM ACE now indicates undergeneration of 1050 MW. What immediate action should be taken by PJM to recover the ACE? - ANSWER-request 100% spinning reserves to be loaded
- wind generators - ANSWER-CTs and diesels During system restoration, a generator should not be loaded above the level of available - ANSWER- dynamic reserve The mimimum passing score for a unit regulation test is - ANSWER-75% compliance with the test signal PJM limits interchange to a - ANSWER-change in total net interchange of 1000 MW every 15 minutes Which of the following PJM esystems are used to report unit outages?
- eDART, eMKT, & eGADS
- eMTR, eSchedules, & eMKT
- eDART, eCapacity, & eGADS
- eDART, eMKT, & eCapacity - ANSWER-eDART, eMKT, & eGADS Which of the following units are subject to cost capping? a. a unit performing capacity verification test b. a unit running for transmission congestion c. a unit dispatched to provide spinning reserve d. a unit running to control Easter Transfer Limits - ANSWER-a unit running for transmission congestion eDART is used for all of the following EXCEPT: a. generation outage scheduling
b. IRCs c. LMP information d. generator reactive capability changes - ANSWER-LMP Info Which of the following generating units would be eligible to set LMP? a. a self-scheduled (must run) steam unit b. a unit dispatched for constraint control c. a unit that is on for testing only d. a hydro unit in condensing mode - ANSWER-a unit dispatched for constraint control A tie line with MW flowing into the PJM control area trips. The system operator will see which of the following occur? a. ACE will decrease, frequency will decrease b. ACE will increase, frequency will increase c. ACE will decrease, frequency will remain the same d. ACE and frequency will remain the same - ANSWER-ACE and frequency will remain the same
