Plant Structures - Horticulture - Lecture Slides, Slides of Plant Biotechnology

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Plant Structures

What Are primary parts of

plants?

• Leaves
• Stems
• Roots
• Flowers

What is photosynthesis?

• It is a process by which plants combine water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight and produce carbohydrates and release oxygen.

Why is photosynthesis

important?

• Light is the most important source of energy for living things. Photosynthesis converts light into nutrients that can be used by plants and animals.
• Releases oxygen

There are two parts of

photosynthesis--the light and

dark reactions.

• The light reactions produce chemical energy from light.
• The dark reactions convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.

Leaves in gas exchange

• Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Water exchanged from Stomata
• Pores open in day to transpire H2O and allow gases to enter
• Close during dry conditions to prevent H2O loss.

Stomata

• Openings on the epidermis
• allows air into leaf
• allows H2O and oxygen out

of leaf

Internal parts of stem

• Phloem
• Xylem
• Cambium
• Pith
• Cortex

Functions

• Phoem-Sugar and carbohydrates to roots
• Xylem- Water and nutrients
• Cambium- Growing part of stem

External parts of stem

• Buds
• Nodes
• Internodes

Modified Stems

• Rhizomes- Horizontal underground stems(Bermuda Grass
• Stolons- Horizontal above ground stems(strawberries)
• Tubers- Greatly enlarged tip of underground stem

Functions of Roots

• Anchor plants in soil
• Absorb water and nutrients
• Some store reserves for future uses(Potato)
• Propagation

Taproots

• Advantages
• Penetrates deeper
• Obtain water from other levels
• Anchor plant
  • Disadvantages
  • Difficult to remove or harvest
  • do not stabilize well