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Question 1. Which phase of wound healing is primarily responsible for forming a clot to stop bleeding? A) Inflammation B) Hemostasis C) Proliferation D) Remodeling Answer: B Explanation: Hemostasis is the initial phase of wound healing where blood vessels constrict and a clot forms to prevent further bleeding and establish a temporary matrix for healing. Question 2. Which of the following factors can impair wound healing by reducing oxygen supply? A) Hyperglycemia B) Anemia C) Excessive compression D) All of the above Answer: D
Explanation: All listed factors—hyperglycemia, anemia, and excessive compression—can impair oxygen delivery to tissues, hindering effective wound healing. Question 3. During the physical examination of a wound, what is the most appropriate method to assess wound depth? A) Visual inspection only B) Palpation using sterile gloves C) Use of a sterile probe or cotton swab D) Relying solely on patient description Answer: C Explanation: Using a sterile probe or swab allows accurate assessment of wound depth, especially in irregular or complex wounds, aiding appropriate management. Question 4. Which stage of wound classification is characterized by intact skin with non-blanchable redness?
Question 6. Which debridement method involves the use of body’s own enzymes to break down necrotic tissue? A) Surgical debridement B) Mechanical debridement C) Autolytic debridement D) Enzymatic debridement Answer: C Explanation: Autolytic debridement employs the body's natural enzymes and moisture to liquefy necrotic tissue, making it a gentle and selective method. Question 7. Which dressing type is most suitable for a heavily exudative wound requiring absorption and moist environment? A) Hydrocolloid B) Foam C) Transparent film D) Silver-impregnated dressing
Answer: B Explanation: Foam dressings are highly absorbent, making them suitable for wounds with heavy exudate while maintaining a moist healing environment. Question 8. Which topical agent has broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and is commonly used in wound care? A) Honey B) Silver-based products C) Petroleum jelly D) Saline solution Answer: B Explanation: Silver-based dressings possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, effective against various pathogens, and are used to prevent or treat wound infections. Question 9. What is a key sign of wound infection? A) Decreased pain
Question 11. Which of the following is a contraindication for negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)? A) Necrotic tissue with eschar B) Granulating wounds C) Wounds with exposed blood vessels D) Wounds with minimal exudate Answer: C Explanation: NPWT is contraindicated in wounds with exposed blood vessels, as negative pressure may cause bleeding. Question 12. What is the primary mechanism by which hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) aids wound healing? A) Enhances oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissues B) Decreases blood flow to the wound C) Promotes bacterial growth D) Reduces collagen synthesis Answer: A Explanation: HBOT increases oxygen tension in tissues, promoting
angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and fighting infection, thus enhancing healing. Question 13. Which type of skin graft involves transplanting a thin layer of skin including the epidermis and part of the dermis? A) Full-thickness graft B) Split-thickness graft C) Composite graft D) Flap Answer: B Explanation: Split-thickness skin grafts include epidermis and part of the dermis, commonly used for large wounds due to their high take rate. Question 14. Which characteristic best differentiates a diabetic foot ulcer from other wounds? A) Location over pressure points B) Presence of neuropathy and ischemia
Question 16. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of arterial ulcers? A) Venous hypertension causes capillary leakage B) Ischemia due to arterial insufficiency leads to tissue necrosis C) Venous stasis causes edema and ulceration D) Excessive pressure over bony prominences causes tissue breakdown Answer: B Explanation: Arterial ulcers result from inadequate blood supply (ischemia), leading to tissue necrosis, typically over distal extremities. Question 17. Which pain assessment tool is most appropriate for evaluating chronic wound pain? A) Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) B) Glasgow Coma Scale C) APACHE II D) Braden Scale Answer: A
Explanation: The Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) is simple and effective for assessing pain intensity in patients with chronic wounds. Question 18. Which pharmacological agent is primarily used for severe wound pain and is administered via the intravenous route? A) NSAIDs B) Opioids C) Topical lidocaine D) Acetaminophen Answer: B Explanation: Opioids are potent analgesics used for severe pain, often administered IV for rapid and controlled pain relief. Question 19. Which type of surgical wound is characterized by clean, uninfected operative tissue with no inflammation? A) Contaminated wound B) Clean wound
Question 21. Which research finding supports the role of nutrition in wound healing? A) Protein deficiency impairs collagen synthesis B) Vitamin C has no effect on wound healing C) Excess carbohydrates delay healing D) Hydration status is irrelevant to wound repair Answer: A Explanation: Adequate protein intake is critical for collagen formation and tissue repair, emphasizing the importance of nutrition. Question 22. Which guideline is most appropriate for the management of diabetic foot ulcers? A) Use of systemic antibiotics for all cases B) Offloading and pressure relief as primary strategies C) Immediate surgical debridement without assessment D) Avoidance of moisture-retentive dressings Answer: B
Explanation: Offloading reduces pressure on the ulcer site, promoting healing and preventing worsening. Question 23. Which stage of pressure ulcer involves full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle? A) Stage I B) Stage II C) Stage III D) Stage IV Answer: D Explanation: Stage IV ulcers involve full-thickness tissue loss with exposure of underlying structures such as bone or tendons. Question 24. Which is a contraindication for the use of topical silver dressings? A) Allergic contact dermatitis to silver B) Presence of heavy exudate
Question 26. Which of the following is a typical feature of a venous ulcer? A) Located on the lateral malleolus B) Pain worse with elevation C) Associated with arterial insufficiency signs D) Usually deep and ischemic Answer: A Explanation: Venous ulcers commonly occur on the medial malleolus, often associated with venous hypertension, not arterial insufficiency. Question 27. Which intervention is most appropriate for a patient with an ischemic (arterial) ulcer? A) Compression therapy B) Revascularization procedures C) Moist wound dressing only D) Elevation of the limb Answer: B Explanation: Revascularization improves blood flow, which is essential for
healing in arterial ulcers, whereas compression and elevation may worsen ischemia. Question 28. Which of the following is a common complication in wound healing that may require surgical intervention? A) Hypertrophic scarring B) Wound dehiscence C) Hypergranulation tissue D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: Hypertrophic scarring, dehiscence, and hypergranulation are complications that can impair healing and may necessitate surgical management. Question 29. Which dressing material is most appropriate for a wound with minimal exudate and a need for visualization? A) Hydrogel
Question 31. Which wound dressing is most suitable for a dry wound needing moisture supplementation? A) Hydrogel B) Alginates C) Transparent film D) Foam Answer: A Explanation: Hydrogels provide moisture to dry wounds, promoting cell migration and healing. Question 32. Which bacterial form is primarily responsible for biofilm formation in chronic wounds? A) Free-floating planktonic bacteria B) Sessile bacteria embedded in a protective matrix C) Spores D) Acid-fast bacteria Answer: B Explanation: Biofilms are communities of bacteria embedded in a self-
produced extracellular matrix, making them resistant to antibiotics and immune responses. Question 33. Which therapy involves the use of high-pressure oxygen to promote healing in ischemic or radiation-injured tissues? A) Negative pressure wound therapy B) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy C) Skin grafting D) Topical antimicrobial application Answer: B Explanation: HBOT delivers high-pressure oxygen to tissues, boosting oxygenation critical for healing in ischemic or damaged tissues. Question 34. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of skin grafting? A) To cover large, full-thickness wounds and promote re-epithelialization B) To debride necrotic tissue
