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PMP CERTIFICATION COMPLETE
EXAM TEST FOR A PASS
Total Quality Management (TQM) - ANSWER-A quality philosophy that focuses on a proactive attitude toward quality with a detail toward statistical analysis to document improvement. Customer Satisfaction Prevention over inspection Continous Improvement Management Responsibility - ANSWER-Modern quality managment complements projects. Both disciplines recognize the importance of: (4) Fishbone AKA cause/effect diagram - ANSWER-Tool you can use initially in a project to evaluate what could potentially cause defects. You can use it during the project to review symptoms to determine the real problem (continue to ask questions until the root cause is determine) Demings 14 principles of managment are generally seen as the founding basis for total quality managment Points are:
- be proactive, not reactive
- Utilize leadership and accountability
- Measure and strive for constant improvement - ANSWER-Who is W Edward Deming? Conformance- company pay for quality in a proactive way, typically up front in the planning area of a project ie - increase morale Nonconformance - company pays for quality in a reactive way, on the back end - decrease morale - decrease customer perception - ANSWER- Cost of Conformance and nonconformance examples... Design of Experiments - ANSWER-Key tool that is a statistical method or tool, that helps identify which factors may influence specific variable of a product or process under development or in production. It lets you change many factors at once.
Quality Management Plan - ANSWER-Output that defines what standards to work plus how to attain and test for the standards Cost-Benefit Analysis - ANSWER-Key tool how to minimize rework and maximize satisfaction and productivity Benchmarking - ANSWER-Key tool for comparing a product or service to other standards Accuracy deals with the alignment of a value with its target value. It deals with how close the the measurement is to the target Precision deals with consistency of the output- it deals with many of the outputs meet the target - ANSWER-Difference between Precision and accuracy? CMMI 6 SIGMA LEAN 6 Sigma Quality Function - ANSWER-Proprietary Quality Management Methodolgies (4) Upper Control Limit (UCL) Lower Control Limit (LCL) - ANSWER-Represent the control points of the proces. Typically the limits are set +/- 3 sigma Upper/Lower Specification limits (USL/LSL) - ANSWER-Limits that are customer established and can be inside or outside the control limits Pareto Diagram - ANSWER-A cumulative histogram you can use to see where the key problems lie. You can see what is causing the most frequency of problems plus a cumulative percentage of the problem Team Mbr - responsible for quality of their own work PM - responsible for quality standards on the project Sr. Exe -responsible for the quality standards at the company - ANSWER- What the Quality Responsiblity for: Team Mbr PM Sr. Exe 6 Sigma - ANSWER-Modern Philosophy states that approx 99.999% of everything a company creates or the process it executes are error-free
Hygiene factors - ANSWER-Herzberg theory on motivation deals with... Conflict between functional manager and project manager - ANSWER- One of the biggest potential problems facing a project team member in a strong matrix is.... IRR - Interal Rate of Return - ANSWER-______deals with how we are effeiciently using our money Smoothing and withdrawal - ANSWER-The conflict resolutions modes that are least likely to resolve situations Implied warranty - ANSWER-What warranty type relates to merchantablily or fitness for use? Schedules, project priorities, resources - ANSWER-The most common causes of conflict in a mulit-project environment include...(3) internal risk can be control and external cannot be control - ANSWER- Difference between internal and external risk Make money and to protect the public - ANSWER-In the area of legal risks there are 2 reason for licensing of projects....(2) Cost plus percentage of cost - ANSWER-From the Buyers perspective the riskiest form of contract is Strong Matrix - ANSWER-Which organization does conflict occur the most in managing projects Multiplying the risk's probability of occurrence by its estimated impact - ANSWER-Calculating the expected monetary value (EMV) of a project risk is found by.... IT indicates that there is a range of possible outcomes - ANSWER-One advantages of sensitivity analysis is? Phase results are verified and documented - ANSWER-Administrative closure for the feasibility phase of a project requires that....
Project Team - ANSWER-In a strong Matrix project organization, meeting the quality requirments for the worked performed is the responsibility of the.... Identifying, assessing, responding to - ANSWER-Project Risk Mgmt includes the processes concerned with _____, ______ and ______. Has a specific purpose Creates specific results Has a start a nd finish Temporary Could be progressively elaborated as more is learn - ANSWER- Characterisitics of Project(5) Probability of Occurrence impact on project objectives root cause - ANSWER- 3 elements that are needed to fully id risks RAM...Responsibility Assignment Matrix - ANSWER-Mary sees that many tasks on her project are falling between the cracks and not getting done the tool that would most beneficial would be a ....? Risk deflection - ANSWER-Purchasing Insurance is an example of... FIXED PRICE - ANSWER-From the Seller's perspective the riskiest form of contract Report the issue to PMI - ANSWER-There is person outside of the testing center asking what was on the test...What should you do? When the seller takes action to perform the specified work... - ANSWER- When does a Unilateral P.O. become a contract? Conceptual - ANSWER-Which phase of the project life cycle has the highest uncertainty? Expert power - ANSWER-Power used that comes from the amount of knowledge a person has obtained in a specific area? Sparingly - ANSWER-An effective PM uses expert power...
Conformance - company pays for quality in proactive way, typically up front in the planning areas of a project Inc morale Nonformance - company pay for quality in a reactive way, on the back end dec morale and dec customer perception - ANSWER-Cost of Conformance and nonconformance? Population - Test every item Sample Testing - you determine how the much of something must be tested to ensure that defects are caught - ANSWER-Difference between population and sample testing? Total Quality Management TQM - ANSWER-quality philosophy that focus on proactive attitude toward quality with a detail toward statistical analysis to document improvement Run Chart - ANSWER-Used to track process over time, used to track performance such as how something works or schedule or cost performance Mutual Exclusivity - ANSWER-One choice does not include any other choices Scatter Diagram - ANSWER-Shows a pattern between two variables associated with a process. This helps see a correlation (or lack of) between variable, if it exists Statistical Independence - ANSWER-Is a state in which the outcome of process are separate from another Run of Seven Rule - ANSWER-States that if you seven consecutive data points on either side of the mean, without crossing the other sid, the process is considered out of control and needs investigation 6 sigma - ANSWER-Modern quality philosophy that states that approx 99.999% of the everything a company creates or processes it executes are error-free
Team members - quality of their work Project Manager - quality on the project Senior Exe - quality standards at the company - ANSWER-Who is Responsible for quality and at what level? Cost of Quality - ANSWER-Cost associated with conformance to requirements and the step taken to elimate non-conformance Benchmarking - ANSWER-Key tool for comparing a product or service to other standards Just-in-time (JIT) - ANSWER-An inventory managment process that lets a company have little or no excess inventory in stock- Ideally a stocks ZERO inventory with supplies arriving only when needed for the products being built A Lag - ANSWER-A delay between activities. You use it when there is some type of constraint in which something must wait before it can continue Analogous or Top down Estimating - ANSWER-Estimate is usually a total time or cost estimate that has no significant detail. Info can be created quickly - lack detail Resource breakdown structure - ANSWER-Displays a breakdown by resource type accross an organization. This breakdown makes it possible to view where resources are being used regardless of organizational group or division they are in. Can include non-H.R. resources as well as personnel Bottom-up estimating - ANSWER-PM and team work to create a complete estimate from the bottom(activity level) up and roll it up to the total estimate. Main advantage - detail accuracy. Main dis ad - can take time to create Parametric Estimating - ANSWER-Estimating uses statistical relationship between historical data and other varibles. This method is usually created by industry standards or experience. Main adv - can be done quickly and is usually accurate
Crashing - ANSWER-Putting more resources on the Critical Path activites. Usually increases cost but minimal risk exposure Project Slack - ANSWER-The amount of time something can be delayed w/o delaying the PUBLISHED finish date Free (or Total) float - ANSWER-Invokes determining the latest that an activity can start w/o delaying the activites that follow it. Fast Tracking - ANSWER-Doing activites in parallel that are that are normally in sequence. Inc cost could occur with rework but additional risk could occur because of possible rework. Critical Chain Method - ANSWER-Approach for scheduling that emphasizes resources flexibility, by using duration buffers for resources, and leveling over the course of the project to accommadate Zero duration - ANSWER-A milestone has a ______duration Milestone Schedule - ANSWER-Schedule typically used in executive repoting with each milestone having a zero duration. It lack detail, generally listing only the main project milestones as diamonds instead of the Gantt bars Logic Bar Chart (Gantt Chart) - ANSWER-Chart used Project Management on the left - Talbe of information (Usually activities, dates, resources etc) on Right - horizontal bars showing when those activities are occuring use it to track the day-to-day. Summary Schdule - ANSWER-Shows an aggregate or rolled up view of the various activites at the summary level. It gives senior management, the project management team, a picture of how long the summary level work packages are to take, and what sequence they occur Arrow diagramming method (ADM) - ANSWER-Diagramming type where the activity is on the arrow or line and the circle or box connects the activities
A Lag - ANSWER-A delay between activities you use it when there is some type of constraint in which something must wait before it can continue A lead - ANSWER-An accerlerant of an activity You use a lead when something can begin before its predecessor is totally complete Resource leveling - ANSWER-A schedule network analysis technique applied to a schedule that has already been analyzed by the critical path method. It can be used when shared or critical required resources are only available at certain time , are only available in limited quantities. Can often cause the critical path to change. Bottom-up Estimating - ANSWER-When an activity cannot be estimated with a resonable degree of confidence the work within the activity is decomposed into more detail. Estimates are made to the smallest incremental level need and then aggregated into a total quantity for each of the activity's resources Milestone list - ANSWER-an output of Define Activites that identies all milestones and indicated whether the milestone is mandatory Activity List (Output of Define Activities - ANSWER-A comprehesive list including all schedule activites required on the project Business Need Market Demand technological advance customer request legal requirements - ANSWER-Project Selection can come from the following factors (5) Product Verfication lesson learned Updating records reporting archiving formal acceptance - ANSWER-Closing the project includes the following
ensures that right work is done in the right order at the right time by the right people Finish to Start (Most common) - ANSWER-Activity A must be completed before Activity B Finish to Finish - ANSWER-Activity B msut be Finish by the time Activity A is finish Start to Start - ANSWER-When Activity A starts Activity B can starts Start to Finsh - ANSWER-Activity A start before Activity B finishes Requested Changes - request made by someone on a project not approved and has no impact Approved Change - request that have been through the changes control system and approved. They are now part of the project with any potential ipact now affecting the project - ANSWER-Difference between requested changes and approved changes Judgemental methods - ANSWER-Forecasting method that incorporates intuitive judgement, opinions and probability estimates Causal/econometric - ANSWER-Forecasting methods that uses the assumption that is possible to identify the underlying factors that might influence the variable that is being forcasted Time series method - ANSWER-Forecasting method that uses historical data as the basis for estimating future outcomes Forcasting - ANSWER-The Process of predicating furture project performance based on the actual performance to date. Variance Analysis - ANSWER-An after the fact look at what caused a difference between the basline and the actual performance Progress Report - shows what has been accomplished at a given time frame Status Reports - shows the overall state of the project
S.R. IS THE SUM OF ALL PROGRESS REPORTS - ANSWER-Difference between a progress report and a status report Pull Communication - ANSWER-Used for very large volumes of information or for very large audiences that requires the recipients to access the communication content at their own discretion, Inclued intranet sites, e-learning, and knowledge repositories Push Communications - ANSWER-Type of communication method sent to a specific recipient who needs to know the information - This method ensures that the communication is distributed but does not certify that it actually reached or was understood by the intended audience Includes letters, memos, reports, emials, faxes, voicemail, press release Stakeholder Mgmt Stategy - ANSWER-Strategy defines as approach to increase the support and minimize negative impacts of stakeholders throughout the entire project life cycle Verbal and Non-verbal - ANSWER-Type of communication that convey more than just words (inflection of voice body language) Interactive Communication - ANSWER-Type of communication method between two or more parties performing a multidirectional exchange of information. It is the most efficient way to ensure a common understanding by all participants on specified topics, and inclues meetings, and phones calls vidoe conferencing Communications requirement analysis - ANSWER-Tool that factors in the communications requirments to ensure they are properly address in the communication Mgmt plan Internal comm - ANSWER-Commuincation within the project
- legal communication and project documents
- When distance or extreme complexity are involve
- official situations
- presentations
- primarily one directional communications - ANSWER-FORMAL Communication should be used for the following (5)
Indentify Stakholders - ANSWER-Process of indentify all people or organization impacted by the project and documenting relevant infromationo regarding their interests, involvement, and impact on project success n *(n -1) /2 - ANSWER-Communication formula Power/Interest Grid Power/Influence Grid Influence/Impact Grid Salience Model - ANSWER-Classification Models (for Stakeholder Analysis) Plan Communication - ANSWER-Process of determining the project stakeholder information needs and defining a communication approach. Who needs what information, when they need it, how it will be provided to them and by whom. Manage Stakeholder Expectation - ANSWER-Process of communication and working with stakeholders to meet their needs and addressing issues as the occur Report Performance - ANSWER-Process of collecting and distributing performance information, including status reports, progress measurements and forecast Salience Model - ANSWER-Model describing classes of stakeholders based on thier power, urgency and legitmacy Influence/Impact grid - ANSWER-Type of grid that groups the stakeholders based on their active involvement in the project and their ability to effect changes to the projects planning or execution. Power/Influence Grid - ANSWER-Type of grid that groups the stakeholders based on their level of authority and their active involvement in the project Influence/Impact Grid - ANSWER-Type of Grid that groups the stakholders based on their active involvement in the project and their ability to effect changes to the projects planning or execution
External Comm - ANSWER-Communication with customer, other project, the media, and the public
- ID all potential project stakeholders
- Identify the potential impact or support each other stakeholder could generate and classify them ...ie the grids
- Assess how key stakeholders are likley to react or respond in various situations - ANSWER-Steps for using the Stakeholerd Analysis Manage Project Team - ANSWER-Process of tracking member performance. providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing changes to optimize project performance. Acquire Project Team - ANSWER-Process of Confirming human resources availibilty and obtaining the team necessary to complete project assignments Change Control Board - ANSWER-Group whose function is to review, approve or reject changes on the project as they relate to the various areas of the represented bussiness Change Control System - ANSWER-Used to asses the impact and consequnces of requested changes on the project Contraints - ANSWER-Factors that limits project options such as the number of people available, amount of time or money available to finish the job or other resources or assest issues
- Close out any contracts w/ outside vendors
- Deliver any required reports assoc. w/ closure (Opa updates)
- Complete any Close Project of Phase activites
- Performed Lessons Learned
- Complete Archives of any project Files (OPA updates)
- Release resources for other projects - ANSWER-General Closing Order of itmes for a project (6) Opportunity that allows the team to learn from past experience and improve on the project as the complete it. LL can come along before the
Characteristics of the PMO (3) A centralized area for all 1.PM personnel to and be assigned. 2. for documentation a process support 3. For Project mgmt support and auditing of projects. - ANSWER-Characteristics of the PMO (3) Mgmt by Projects - ANSWER-Performing day to day operations by a project Mgmt approach... Project Initiation - ANSWER-The process that result in the authorization of a project.. Planning Process - ANSWER-The process required to develop the activites to attain objective.. Project Mgmt - ANSWER-Emcompasses project of similar work or correlated activites managed in a coordinated way to attain benefits that could not achieved separately Project Life Cycle - ANSWER-Process of completing work on the Project. It is not the management of the work, but rather the work process. Can be describe what work is done (and who does the work ) in each phase of the project, what the deliverables are, and the approval for each phase Sub Project - ANSWER-A smaller piece of the project as a result of decomposition; is usually created as a result of creating the work breakdown structure Characterisitics of Project(5) - ANSWER-Has a specific purpose Creates specific results Has a start a nd finish Temporary Could be progressively elaborated as more is learn Product Life Cycle - ANSWER-Involves the product or service from concept to divestment (closure) This cycle typically begins with a business plan end with a product or service Project Mgmt Life Cycle in 5 process group - ANSWER-Initating Planning Executing Monitoring and Controlling
Closing Projects (or project selection) are typically authorized as result of the following - ANSWER-Market Demand Strategic Opportunity Customer Request Technological Advance Legal requirements Program Management - ANSWER-A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not availble from managing the individually Strategic Planning - ANSWER-Practice by which a company looks into the furture for products or services it must have, typically 3 to 5 years in the future. Projects are the tools that company will use to implement the strategic goals Scope time cost - ANSWER-What is the triple contraints? Quality gurus HR gurus Comm Channels Fromula Expected Monetary Value Formula Four Core Earned Value Formula Standard Deviation Values Triangular pert formulas - ANSWER- 10 things remember for a brain dump Process groups /Knowledge areas are number by - ANSWER- 2 - 20 - 8 - 10 - 2 Portfolio - ANSWER-A group of programs of projects related and managed in a coordinated way to achieve specific strategic business goals Program - ANSWER-A group of related projected project that are managed to obtain synergistic benefits and control Projectized Organization - ANSWER-An Organizational which authorizes the project manager to assign resources to the project to establish priorities and to direct the work of the project
