Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

PN 4006 Midterm Exam Questions & Answers, Exams of Nursing

Harvard UniversityNursing

PN 4006 Midterm Exam Questions & Answers

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/09/2025

Tutor-Josephine
Tutor-Josephine 🇺🇸

2.6

(7)

14K documents

1 / 21

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
PN 4006 Midterm Exam Questions &
Answers
1. The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination on a client
who has cardiopulmonary disease. Knowing this about the client, the
nurse is alert for the presence of which of the following when checking the
client's nails? Select one:
a. Clubbing
b. Bands in nailbeds c.
Yellow discoloration
d. Splinter hemorrhages: A- clubbing
2. The nurse is auscultating the client's lungs and notes normal
vesicular sounds as being which of the following?
Select one:
a. Medium-pitched blowing sounds with inspiration equalling expiration
b. Loud, high-pitched, hollow sounds with expiration longer than
inspiration c. Soft, breezy, low-pitched sounds with longer inspiration
d. Sounds created by air moving through small airways: c. Soft, breezy,
low-pitched sounds with longer inspiration
3. During the physical examination, the nurse should use which part of
the hand to assess characteristics such as consistency, contour, and
texture in the client's glands?
Select one:
a. Dorsum of the hand
b. Pads of the fingers
c. Palmar surface of the hand
d. Fingertip grasp of the tissue: b. Pads of the fingers
4. If a low-pitched murmur is suspected with prior assessment, which of
the following is the best position for the client when the nurse
auscultates the apical site?
Select one:
a. Sitting up
b. Standing
c. Lying on the left side
d. Dorsal recumbent: c. Lying on the left side
5. Which of the following positions maximizes the nurse's ability to
assess the client's upper body for symmetry?
Select one:
a. Sitting b.
Supine c.
Prone
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15

Partial preview of the text

Download PN 4006 Midterm Exam Questions & Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

PN 4006 Midterm Exam Questions &

Answers

  1. The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination on a client who has cardiopulmonary disease. Knowing this about the client, the nurse is alert for the presence of which of the following when checking the client's nails? Select one: a. Clubbing b. Bands in nailbeds c. Yellow discoloration d. Splinter hemorrhages: A- clubbing
  2. The nurse is auscultating the client's lungs and notes normal vesicular sounds as being which of the following? Select one: a. Medium-pitched blowing sounds with inspiration equalling expiration b. Loud, high-pitched, hollow sounds with expiration longer than inspiration c. Soft, breezy, low-pitched sounds with longer inspiration d. Sounds created by air moving through small airways: c. Soft, breezy, low-pitched sounds with longer inspiration
  3. During the physical examination, the nurse should use which part of the hand to assess characteristics such as consistency, contour, and texture in the client's glands? Select one: a. Dorsum of the hand b. Pads of the fingers c. Palmar surface of the hand d. Fingertip grasp of the tissue: b. Pads of the fingers
  4. If a low-pitched murmur is suspected with prior assessment, which of the following is the best position for the client when the nurse auscultates the apical site? Select one: a. Sitting up b. Standing c. Lying on the left side d. Dorsal recumbent: c. Lying on the left side
  5. Which of the following positions maximizes the nurse's ability to assess the client's upper body for symmetry? Select one: a. Sitting b. Supine c. Prone

d. Dorsal recumbent: a. Sitting

c. The first small amount of sterile solution should be poured and discarded. d. Wrapped sterile packages should be opened starting with the flap closest to the nurse.: c. The first small amount of sterile solution should be poured and discarded.

  1. The client has a 15-cm laceration on his right forearm and an infection develops. Which of the following is a sign of an acute inflammatory process? Select one: a. A blanching of the skin b. A decrease in temperature at the site c. A decrease in the number of white blood cells (WBCs) d. A release of histamine that adds to the pain response: d. A release of histamine that adds to the pain response
  2. The nurse works in a small rural hospital with a wide variety of clients. Of the clients admitted this afternoon, the nurse recognizes that the individual with which of the following conditions is most susceptible to infection? Select one: a. Burns b. Diabetes c. Pulmonary emphysema d. Peripheral vascular disease: a. Burns
  3. The client has a large, deep abdominal incision that requires a dressing. The incision is packed with sterile 1.75-cm packing and covered with a dry, 10 × 10-cm gauze. When changing the dressing, the nurse accidentally drops the packing onto the client's abdomen. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select one: a. Add alcohol to the packing and insert it into the incision. b. Throw the packing away, and prepare a new one. c. Pick up the packing with sterile forceps, and gently place it into the incision. d. Rinse the packing with sterile water, and put the packing into the incision with sterile gloves.: b. Throw the packing away, and prepare a new one.
  4. The nurse uses the Braden Scale in the extended care facility to determine the client's risk for pressure ulcer development. Which score, based on this scale, places the client at the highest level of risk? Select one: a. 9 or below b. 10 to 12 c. 13 to 14 d. 15 to 16: a. 9 or below
  1. Which of the following statements is true for wounds that heal by primary intention? Select one: a. They will likely have minimal scarring. b. They will likely contain infected tissue. c. They will likely present with ragged edges. d. They will likely have portions of missing tissue.: a. They will likely have minimal scarring.
  2. The nurse recognizes that skin integrity can be compromised when skin is exposed to body fluids. The greatest risk exists for the client who has exposure to which one of the following fluids? Select one: a. Urine b. Purulent exudates c. Pancreatic fluids d. Serosanguineous drainage: c. Pancreatic fluids
  3. The client has rheumatoid arthritis, is prone to skin breakdown, and is also somewhat immobile because of arthritic discomfort. Which of the following interventions is the best one for this client's skin integrity? Select one: a. Having the client sit up in a chair for four-hour intervals b. Keeping the head of the bed in a high-Fowler's position to increase circula- tion c. Keeping a written schedule of turning and positioning d. Encouraging the client to perform pelvic muscle training exercises several times a day: c. Keeping a written schedule of turning and positioning
  4. Which of the following information about how smoking influences healing does the nurse include when planning a program on wound healing? Select one: a. Smoking suppresses protein synthesis. b. Smoking creates increased tissue fragility. c. Smoking depresses bone marrow function. d. Smoking reduces the amount of functional hemoglobin in the blood.: d. Smoking reduces the amount of functional hemoglobin in the blood.
  5. The client has a large, deep wound on the sacral region. The nurse correctly packs the wound by doing which one of the following? Select one: a. Filling two-thirds of the wound cavity b. Leaving saline-soaked folded gauze squares in place

a. At a 45-degree angle to the skin surface while pulling away from the dressing b. At a right angle to the skin surface while pulling toward the dressing c. At a right angle to the skin surface while pulling away from the dressing d. Parallel to the skin surface while pulling toward the dressing: d. Parallel to the skin surface while pulling toward the dressing

  1. The nurse is concerned that the client's abdominal wound is at risk for dehiscence. Which of the following interventions is the best one to prevent this complication? Select one: a. Administering antibiotics to prevent infection b. Using appropriate sterile technique when changing the dressing c. Keeping sterile towels and extra dressing supplies near the client's bed d. Placing a pillow over the incision site when the client is deep breathing or coughing: d. Placing a pillow over the incision site when the client is deep breathing or coughing
  2. A client has a healing abdominal wound. The wound has minimal exudate and collagen formation. The wound is identified by the nurse as being in which phase of healing? Select one: a. Primary intention b. Inflammatory phase c. Proliferative phase d. Secondary intention: c. Proliferative phase
  3. A client requires wound debridement. The nurse is aware that which of the following statements is correct regarding this procedure? Select one: a. This procedure involves flushing debris from wounds. b. This procedure involves the removal of nonviable necrotic tissue. c. Mechanical methods involve direct surgical removal of the eschar layer of the wound. d. Enzymatic debridement may be implemented independently by the nurse whenever it is required.: a. This procedure involves flushing debris from wounds.
  4. The nurse prepares to irrigate the client's wound. What is the primary purpose of this procedure? Select one: a. To decrease scar formation b. To cleanse the wound and remove bacteria c. To improve circulation from the wound

d. To decrease irritation from wound drainage: b. To cleanse the wound and remove bacteria

  1. Which of the following nursing entries is most complete in describing a client's wound? Select one: a. "Wound appears to be healing well. Dressing dry and intact." b. "Wound well approximated with minimal drainage." c. "Drainage size of quarter; wound pink, 4 × 4s applied." d. "Incisional edges approximated without redness or drainage; two 4 × 4s applied.": d. "Incisional edges approximated without redness or drainage; two 4 × 4s applied."
  2. Which of the following is the most common electrolyte imbalance? Select one: a. Hypokalemia b. Hyperkalemia c. Hyponatremia d. Hypernatremia: a. Hypokalemia
  3. The single best indicator of a client's fluid status is the nurse's assessment of which one of the following? Select one: a. The client's skin turgor b. The client's intake and output c. The client's serum electrolyte levels d. The client's daily body weight: d. The client's daily body weight
  4. The nurse anticipates that the client with a fluid volume excess will mani-fest which one of the following signs? Select one: a. Increased urine specific gravity b. Decreased body weight c. Increased blood pressure d. Decreased pulse strength: c. Increased blood pressure
  5. Out of all of the following clients, the nurse recognizes that which one is most at risk for a fluid volume deficit? Select one: a. A 6-month-old learning to drink from a cup b. A 12-year-old who is moderately active in 27°C weather c. A 42-year-old with severe diarrhea d. A 90-year-old with frequent headaches: c. A 42-year-old with severe diarrhea
  1. The client has severe anemia and will be receiving blood transfusions. The nurse prepares and begins the infusion. Ten minutes after the infusion has begun, the client develops tachycardia, chills, and low back pain. After stopping the transfusion, which of the following actions should the nurse take next? Select one: a. Administer an antipyretic. b. Begin an infusion of epinephrine. c. Run normal saline through the blood tubing. d. Obtain and send a urine specimen to the lab.: d. Obtain and send a urine specimen to the lab.
  2. Arterial blood gases are obtained for the client. The client's results (pH, 7.48; CO2, 42 mm Hg; HCO3, 32 mmol/L) indicate which one of the following acid-base imbalances? Select one: a. Metabolic acidosis b. Respiratory acidosis c. Respiratory alkalosis d. Metabolic alkalosis: d. Metabolic alkalosis
  3. Which of the following is an unexpected value that the nurse, in reviewing the results of the client's blood work, should report to the physician? Select one: a. Calcium, 1.9 mmol/L b. Sodium, 140 mmol/L c. Potassium, 3.5 mmol/L d. Magnesium, 1.8 mmol/L: a. Calcium, 1.9 mmol/L
  4. An 8-year-old is admitted to the pediatric unit with pneumonia. On assess-ment, the nurse notes that the child is warm and flushed, is lethargic, has difficulty breathing, and has moist crackles. The nurse determines that the child has which one of the following? Select one: a. Metabolic acidosis b. Respiratory acidosis c. Respiratory alkalosis d. Metabolic alkalosis: b. Respiratory acidosis
  5. A child having an asthma attack has presented to the emergency depart- ment. He is breathing rapidly and has a blood pH of 7.47, signs and symptoms that the nurse suspects are consistent with which of the following conditions? Select one:

a. Metabolic acidosis b. Metabolic alkalosis c. Respiratory acidosis d. Respiratory alkalosis: d. Respiratory alkalosis

  1. When a deficit of body fluid exists in the intravascular compartment, which of the following signs can be expected? Select one: a. Crackles b. Hypertension c. Neck vein distension d. An elevated hematocrit level: d. An elevated hematocrit level
  2. The physician orders 1000 mL of D5RL with 20 mmol KCl to run for eight hours. With an infusion set with a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL, which of the following will the nurse calculate the flow rate to be? Select one: a. 12 drops per minute b. 22 drops per minute c. 32 drops per minute d. 42 drops per minute: c. 32 drops per minute
  3. Which of the following is of great importance for the nurse to check before administering an IV solution with potassium that is prescribed for the client? Select one: a. Check for weakness. b. Assess renal function. c. Evaluate deep tendon reflexes. d. Initiate seizure precautions.: b. Assess renal function.
  4. A homeless client is brought into the emergency department with indi- cations of extremely poor nutrition. Arterial blood gases are assessed and the nurse anticipates that this client will demonstrate which of the following results? Select one: a. pH, 7.3; PaCO2, 38 mm Hg; HCO3, 19 mmol/L b. pH, 7.5; PaCO2, 34 mm Hg; HCO3, 20 mmol/L c. pH, 7.35; PaCO2, 35 mm Hg; HCO3, 24 mmol/L d. pH, 7.52; PaCO2, 48 mm Hg; HCO3, 28 mmol/L: a. pH, 7.3; PaCO2, 38 mm Hg; HCO3, 19 mmol/L
  5. A client has intravenous (IV) therapy for the administration of antibiotics and is stating that the IV site "hurts and is swollen." Which of the following information assessed on the client indicates the presence of phlebitis, as

a. The client's palms and soles of the feet b. The client's nail beds c. The client's earlobes d. The client's tongue: d. The client's tongue

  1. The client is experiencing a sinus dysrhythmia with a pulse rate of 82 beats per minute. On entering the client's room, which of the following does the nurse expect to find? Select one: a. The client is extremely fatigued. b. The client is complaining of chest pain. c. The client is experiencing a "fluttering" sensation in the chest. d. The client is not experiencing any clinical symptoms based on the as-sessment.: d. The client is not experiencing any clinical symptoms based on the assessment.
  2. A 64-year-old client is seen in the emergency department for palpitations and mild shortness of breath. The ECG reveals a normal P wave, P-R interval, and QRS complex with a regular rhythm and a rate of 108 beats per minute. The nurse should recognize this as which type of cardiac dysrhythmia? Select one: a. Sinus dysrhythmia b. Sinus tachycardia c. Supraventricular tachycardia d. Ventricular tachycardia: b. Sinus tachycardia
  3. The nurse is reviewing the results of the client's diagnostic testing for res-piratory function. Of the following results, which finding falls within expected or normal limits? Select one: a. SaO2 88% b. pH 7. c. PaCO2 40 mm Hg d. PaO2 79 mm Hg: c. PaCO2 40 mm Hg
  4. The nurse knows that a pacemaker may be required for which of the following conditions? Select one: a. Sinus tachycardia b. Sinus bradycardia c. Ventricular fibrillation d. Heart failure: b. Sinus bradycardia
  1. The client is admitted to the emergency department with a pneumothorax. Which of the following does the nurse anticipate the client will be experienc-ing? Select one: a. Dyspnea b. Eupnea c. Fremitus d. Orthopnea: a. Dyspnea
  2. The client has pneumonia in the left lobe. The nurse should encourage him to lie in which of the following positions? Select one: a. On the affected side b. With the unaffected lung down c. On either side d. Supine: b. With the unaffected lung down
  3. The electrical activity of the client's heart is being continuously monitored while he is on the coronary care unit. Suddenly, the nurse finds that the client is experiencing ventricular fibrillation. Which of the following actions should the nurse prepare to take? Select one: a. Administer atropine. b. Prepare for CPR and defibrillation. c. Prepare the client for surgical placement of a pacemaker. d. Instruct the client to perform the Valsalva manoeuvre.: b. Prepare for CPR and defibrillation.
  4. The nurse has reviewed information about the cardiovascular system be- fore caring for a client with heart disease. The nurse knows that which of the following statements is true concerning the physiology of the cardiovascular system? Select one: a. Stimulating the parasympathetic system would cause the heart rate to increase. b. When a person has heart muscle disease, the heart muscles stretch as far as is necessary to maintain function. c. The QRS interval on the electrocardiogram represents the electrical impuls-es passing through the ventricles. d. When stroke volume decreases, a resultant decrease in heart rate occurs.-: c. The QRS interval on the electrocardiogram represents the electrical impulses passing through the ventricles.

c. Cleanse crusting with hydrogen peroxide. d. Plan staple removal for postoperative day 5.: a. Assess the type of suture material used.

  1. The nurse is performing a wound assessment after removing the soiled dressing. What finding would indicate a problem requiring additional assess-ment? Select one: a. An incisional ridge continues to be present. b. The patient experiences less discomfort. c. There is a lack of new drainage. d. The patient states, "My wound feels warm.": d. The patient states, "My wound feels warm."
  2. The nurse needs to apply a dry sterile dressing. Which should the nurse implement first? Select one: a. Inspect the appearance of the wound. b. Remove excess moisture from the wound. c. Cleanse with sterile saline solution. d. Prepare the sterile field for supplies.: a. Inspect the appearance of the wound.
  3. The nurse teaches a patient about Steri-Strips after suture removal. What information does the nurse include in patient teaching? Select one: a. They provide a skin barrier. b. They provide gentle support. c. They prevent scarring of the wound. d. They collect additional drainage.: b. They provide gentle support.
  4. The nurse applies Steri-Strips to the patient's surgical site after suture removal. During patient teaching, what does the nurse instruct the patient to avoid doing? Select one: a. Limit heavy lifting activities. b. Ambulate several times a day. c. Soak in the bathtub for relaxation. d. Use a pillow to support incision.: c. Soak in the bathtub for relaxation.
  5. The nurse prepares to apply a dressing for a patient who has a full- thick-ness wound with moderate exudate and necrosis. Which is the best nursing intervention to help the patient achieve an expected long-term outcome for this wound? Select one:

a. Assess the wound for sinus tracts and tunneling. b. Maintain oxygenation with supplemental oxygen. c. Pack the wound lightly with a wet-to-dry dressing. d. Provide a well-balanced diet with high-quality protein.: d. Provide a well-bal-anced diet with high-quality protein.

  1. The nurse assesses a patient with a surgical incision. What is an expected patient outcome on the fourth postoperative day? Select one: a. The tympanic temperature is 39.5° C at 8 AM and noon. b. The incision is slightly reddened and swollen without drainage. c. The skin is spongy and warm around the incision. d. The patient's pain has been increasing gradually:. b. The incision is slightly reddened and swollen without drainage.
  2. The nurse is preparing to initiate a blood transfusion. Which step of the procedure should the nurse implement first? Select one: a. Begin the infusion at 2 mL/min. b. Establish a single-line infusion. c. Check vital signs in 30 minutes. d. Shake the blood gently to mix the preservative.: a. Begin the infusion at 2 mL/min.
  3. After inserting a peripheral intravenous (IV) line into the patient, the nurse provides patient teaching about the IV insertion site. What information should the nurse give to the patient? Select one: a. Expect minor pain at the insertion site. b. Report redness at the insertion site. c. Remain on bed rest with the IV infusion. d. Disconnect IV tubing to change a gown.: b. Report redness at the insertion site.
  4. The nurse assesses the patient's intravenous (IV) site. Which clinical indi-cator does the nurse recognize as being consistent for phlebitis? Select one: a. An elevated heart rate b. Decreased skin temperature c. Erythema along the vein line d. Edema around the insertion site: c. Erythema along the vein line
  5. The prescription for the patient's intravenous (IV) fluid reads, "Infuse 1000 mL over 10 hours." At which rate does the nurse infuse the IV fluids using IV

b. 500 mL/hr c. 21 gtts/min d. 32 gtts/min: a. 125 mL/hr

  1. The nurse observes bleeding on the dressing of an intravenous (IV) inser-tion site. Which action should the nurse take first? Select one: a. Examine the insertion site. b. Reinforce the dressing. c. Apply a warm compress. d. Remove the IV line quickly.: a. Examine the insertion site.
  2. The nurse assesses the patient's intravenous (IV) infusion. Which clinical indicator cues the nurse to take special precautions while infusing IV fluids? Select one: a. Poor skin turgor b. Bilateral crackles c. Mild hypotension d. High serum sodium: b. Bilateral crackles
  3. The nurse feels resistance while trying to flush the intravenous (IV) line with a 5-mL syringe of normal saline solution before administering a medica-tion by IV bolus. Which should the nurse implement next? Select one: a. Use a 3-mL syringe to flush. b. Aspirate the IV line for a blood return. c. Check for causes of resistance. d. Inject the IV medication slowly.: c. Check for causes of resistance.
  4. The nurse is setting up to administer a unit of blood. Which is the most important nursing intervention during preparation for this procedure? Select one: a. Prepare a normal saline solution. b. Obtain a Y-tubing for administration. c. Provide the patient with information. d. Identify the blood product and patient.: d. Identify the blood product and patient.
  5. The nurse administers blood to the patient and observes that the patient has tachycardia, chills, and lower back pain. Which should the nurse imple-ment first? Select one: a. Notify the health care provider. b. Notify the blood bank.

c. Complete the vital signs. d. Remove the intravenous (IV) tubing.: d. Remove the intravenous (IV) tubing.

  1. The nurse infuses a unit of blood, but after 4 hours the blood infusion is not complete. Which action should the nurse implement? Select one: a. Check the intravenous (IV) access for patency. b. Increase the infusion rate of the blood. c. Discontinue the blood infusion. d. Assess the patient for an ABO mismatch.: c. Discontinue the blood infusion.
  2. The nurse observes that the patient's left cephalic intravenous (IV) site is cool, swollen, and mildly tender, although the IV line is infusing at the prescribed rate. Which action should the nurse take first? Select one: a. Instruct the patient to elevate his or her arm on two pillows. b. Discontinue the IV infusion and start one in the right arm. c. Apply a warm, moist compress to the IV site. d. Reassess the IV site in 2 hours for any change.: b. Discontinue the IV infusion and start one in the right arm.
  3. The patient has an intermittent infusion device inserted in the hand. Which strategy should the nurse use related to prevention of dislodging the patient's intravenous (IV) access? Select one: a. Instruct the patient how to protect IV site. b. Apply a new sterile dressing every day. c. Change the IV tubing at least daily. d. Flush the IV catheter every morning.: a. Instruct the patient how to protect IV site.
  4. A patient on an anticoagulant is going home and needs his peripheral intravenous (IV) line removed. Which action is essential for the nurse to take? Select one: a. Pull the IV catheter out smoothly but quickly. b. Apply sterile gloves before going to the patient's bedside. c. Check the most recent clotting studies. d. Apply pressure over the insertion after removal of the IV line for 5 to 10 minutes.: d. Apply pressure over the insertion after removal of the IV line for 5 to 10 minutes.
  5. The nurse assesses the patient and determines that he may be at risk for altered peripheral tissue perfusion. Which activity should the nurse include in patient teaching to prevent decreased perfusion to his extremities while he is