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PNUR 104: FINAL EXAM
Vital signs - correct answer ✔✔Includes temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure Pain - correct answer ✔✔The fifth vital sign Hypothalamus - correct answer ✔✔The regulation of body temperature is the job of what part of the brain? Febrile - correct answer ✔✔Having or showing the symptoms of a fever Constant Fever - correct answer ✔✔A fever that remains elevated consistently and fluctuates very little. Intermittent Fever - correct answer ✔✔A fever that rises and falls; for example, temperature is normal or subnormal in the morning and elevates in the after-noon. Remittent fever - correct answer ✔✔A fever that does not return to normal at all until the patient becomes well. Surface temperature - correct answer ✔✔The temperature of the skin. Core Temperature - correct answer ✔✔The temperature of the deep tissues. Core Temperature - correct answer ✔✔What temperature remains relatively constant? 98.6 F - correct answer ✔✔Normal body temperature
Low pitched - correct answer ✔✔The bell of a stethoscope transmits what kind of sound? High pitched - correct answer ✔✔The diaphragm of a stethoscope transmits what kind of sound? Rectal - correct answer ✔✔Red tipped thermometer is used where? Oral (Mouth) - correct answer ✔✔Blue tipped thermometer is used where? Ear - correct answer ✔✔Tympanic thermometer is used where? 105 F - correct answer ✔✔Temperatures exceeding what temperature can cause tissue damage? Hyperthermia - correct answer ✔✔The condition of having an above normal temperature. Hypothermia - correct answer ✔✔The condition of having a below normal temperature. Tachycardia - correct answer ✔✔Pulse rate faster than 100 beat per minute. Bradycardia - correct answer ✔✔Pulse rate slower than 60 beats per minute. 60-100 - correct answer ✔✔Normal pulse range Carotid - correct answer ✔✔Which pulse site is used when a patients condition suddenly deteriorates or is used in emergencies? No longer than 10 seconds - correct answer ✔✔How long do you assess the rate, rhythm, and strength of the carotid pulse?
nasal cannula - correct answer ✔✔The most common device for oxygen delivery. Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔The process of keeping body fluids in balance. intracellular fluid - correct answer ✔✔Fluid within the cells. Extracellur fluid - correct answer ✔✔Fluid outside the cells. Intravascular fluid - correct answer ✔✔Fluid within the blood vessels. interstitial fluid - correct answer ✔✔Fluid in tissues (between cells or in body spaces). Osmoreceptors - correct answer ✔✔What receptors in the hypothalamus measure the concentration of the blood? Insensible - correct answer ✔✔Fluid loss that is not measurable. Sensible - correct answer ✔✔Fluid loss that is measurable. Sensible - correct answer ✔✔Is urine, feces, vomit, and wound drainage sensible or insensible fluid loss? Insensible - correct answer ✔✔Is water vapor through breathing a sensible or insensible fluid loss? 2.2 lbs - correct answer ✔✔One liter of fluid equals how many pounds? Sodium - correct answer ✔✔What is the most abundant electrolyte in the body? Milliequivelent (mEq) - correct answer ✔✔Electrolytes are measured in what unit?
Electrolyte - correct answer ✔✔Identify the substance that develops and electrical charge when it dissolves in water? Isotonic - correct answer ✔✔Solutions that have the same concentration of electrolytes as body fluids. Hypertonic - correct answer ✔✔Solutions that have a higher concentration of electrolytes than body fluids. Acid-base balance - correct answer ✔✔Refers to the homeostasis of the hydrogen ion (H-) concentration in the body fluids. Acidic - correct answer ✔✔Blood pH less than 7. Alkaline - correct answer ✔✔Blood pH greater than 7. Normal pH of blood - correct answer ✔✔Blood pH between 7.35-7. venipuncture - correct answer ✔✔Involves inserting a hollow-bore needle into the lumen of a large vein to obtain a specimen. basilic and cephalic veins - correct answer ✔✔what are the two most common veins selects for venipuncture? Hypoxia - correct answer ✔✔Reduced oxygen content in tissues and cells. a drug - correct answer ✔✔Oxygen must be treated as what? Right: patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation - correct answer ✔✔Identify the six rights of med administration.
secondary intention - correct answer ✔✔When a wound must granulate during healing, occurs when skin edges are not close together(approximated) or when pus has formed purulent - correct answer ✔✔Producing or containing pus is called Exudate - correct answer ✔✔fluid, cells, or other substances that have been discharged from cells or blood vessels slowly through small pores or breaks in cell membranes tertiary intention - correct answer ✔✔When the practitioner leaves a contaminated wound open and closes it later, after the infection is controlled. Hemostasis - correct answer ✔✔This phase of wound healing begins as soon as injury occurs. inflammatory phase - correct answer ✔✔This phase of wound healing involves the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation; redness, swelling, pain, and tissue dysfunction. Reconstruction phase - correct answer ✔✔During this phase of wound healing, collagen formation occurs. Begins on the third or fourth day after injury and lasts for 2 to 3 weeks. maturation phase - correct answer ✔✔the third phase of wound healing, in which scar tissue forms Splinting - correct answer ✔✔The technique by applying a pillow, rolled bath blanket, or palms of the hands to the incisional area to lessen intraabdominal pressure. Serous - correct answer ✔✔clear, watery plasma drainage purulent - correct answer ✔✔thick, yellow, green, tan, or brown pus or drainage
Serosanguineous - correct answer ✔✔Pale, pink, watery; mixture of clear and red fluid Sanguienous - correct answer ✔✔Bright red fluid; indicates active bleeding Dehiscence - correct answer ✔✔the separation of a surgical incision or rupture of a wound closure. Evisceration - correct answer ✔✔Protrusion of an internal organ through a wound or surgical incision. Sutures - correct answer ✔✔Threads of wire or other material (silk, steel, cotton, linen, nylon) used to sew body tissues together. staples - correct answer ✔✔Made of stainless steel wire, are quick to use, and provide ample strength Bandage - correct answer ✔✔A strip or roll of cloth or other material that may be wound around part of the body in a variety of ways for multiple purposes. Binder - correct answer ✔✔a bandage that is made of large pieces of material to fit a specific body part. Electrocardiogram (ECG) - correct answer ✔✔A graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart Midstream urine specimen - correct answer ✔✔urine collected after voiding is initiated (midstream) and before voiding is completed sterile urine specimen - correct answer ✔✔can be obtained by a straight catheter or from a port on an indwelling catheter.
Accupuncture/Accupressure - correct answer ✔✔Therapies based on the belief that there is a form of energy, or Qi (life force), that flows through the body along the meridians (channels of energy). 12 meridians - correct answer ✔✔How many meridians does the body have? accupuncture - correct answer ✔✔Method of stimulating certain points on the body by the insertion of special needles to modify the perception of pain, normalize physiological functions or treat/prevent disease. Accupressure - correct answer ✔✔Entails the use of gentle pressure at similar points on the body as acupuncture. therapeutic massage - correct answer ✔✔massage performed by trained professionals to manipulate the soft tissues of the body and assist with healing Aromatherapy - correct answer ✔✔Entails the use of pure essential oils, produced from plants, to provide health benefits Reflexology - correct answer ✔✔Based on the premise that it is possible to exert an effect on the entire body by applying pressure to specific areas on the feet, hands, and ears with the thumbs Relaxation - correct answer ✔✔The state of a generalized decrease in cognitive m, physiologic, or behavioral arousal. Biofeedback - correct answer ✔✔A noninvasive method that an individual can employ to learn control of the body to manage certain conditions. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) - correct answer ✔✔A set of nutrient based values for evaluating and planning diets. Essential nutrients - correct answer ✔✔nutrients that can't be made by the body, so must be obtained from the diet.
Nutrient - correct answer ✔✔A chemical compound or element found in food that is necessary for good health Carboydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water - correct answer ✔✔The six classes of essential nutrients include....
- Providing energy
- Building and repairing tissue
- Regulating body processes - correct answer ✔✔What are the three major functions of nutrients? Protien - correct answer ✔✔What is the nutrient that plays the biggest role in tissue repair? Glycogen - correct answer ✔✔Also called animal starch, is the stored form of carbohydrates. It is made of simple sugars and stored mainly in the liver and in muscles. It is used when the body's glucose level is low. Dietary fiber - correct answer ✔✔refers to foods that humans cannot break down (digest) Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔the combination of all chemical processes that take place in living organisms. kilocalorie (kcal) - correct answer ✔✔a measurement of energy, much as a pound is a measurement of weight A, D, E, K vitamins - correct answer ✔✔Fat soluble vitamins Lipids - correct answer ✔✔organic substances of a fatty nature that are insoluble in water and necessary for good health.
trace - correct answer ✔✔Zinc is a major or trace mineral? Trace - correct answer ✔✔Iodine is a major or trace mineral? Trace - correct answer ✔✔Copper is a major or trace mineral? Trace - correct answer ✔✔Fluoride is a major or trace mineral? Major - correct answer ✔✔Calcium is a major or trace mineral? Major - correct answer ✔✔Phosphorous is a major or trace mineral? Major - correct answer ✔✔Magnesium is a major or trace mineral? Major - correct answer ✔✔Sodium is a major or trace mineral? Major - correct answer ✔✔Potassium is a major or trace mineral? Major - correct answer ✔✔Chloride is a major or trace mineral? Major minerals - correct answer ✔✔Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, potassium, and chloride are major or trace minerals? Trace minerals - correct answer ✔✔Iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, manganese, fluoride, chromium, and molybdenum are major or trace minerals? Osteoporosis - correct answer ✔✔An abnormal reduction in bone density that leads to bone pain, fractures, loss of stature, and deformities such as kyphosis.
Caffeine - correct answer ✔✔_______________ is a central nervous stimulant and diuretic. Enteral nutrition - correct answer ✔✔The administration of nutrients into the gastrointestinal tract. X-ray - correct answer ✔✔What is the most dependable way of checking tube placement? Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - correct answer ✔✔Intravenous feeding is called what? Thrill - correct answer ✔✔A vibrating sensation the nurse perceives during palpitation along the artery. Bruits - correct answer ✔✔Abnormal "swishing" sounds heard over organs, glands, and arteries. Stridor - correct answer ✔✔High pitched, inspiration, crowing lung sound, louder in the neck than over the chest. Edema - correct answer ✔✔An excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces caused by leakage of fluid from veins and capillary beds. 1+ Trace - correct answer ✔✔Pitting edema: barely perceptible pit. 2+ Mild - correct answer ✔✔Pitting edema: A deeper pit (4mm), with fairly normal countries, that rebounds in 10-15 seconds 3+ Moderate - correct answer ✔✔A deep pit (6mm); last for 30 seconds to more than a minute. 4+ Severe - correct answer ✔✔Deeper pit (8mm); with severe edema that possibly lasts as long as 2 to 5 minutes before rebounding.
epistaxis - correct answer ✔✔bleeding from the nose Leaning forward - correct answer ✔✔Patients experiencing epistaxis should be positioned how? ecchymoses (bruises) and contusions - correct answer ✔✔Examples of closed wounds are what? Avulsions - correct answer ✔✔torn pieces of tissue that results in a section being completely removed or left hanging by a flap melena - correct answer ✔✔Dark tarry stools hemopytsis - correct answer ✔✔bloody sputum hematemesis - correct answer ✔✔vomiting blood hematuria - correct answer ✔✔blood in the urine pneumothorax - correct answer ✔✔air in the pleural cavity hemothorax - correct answer ✔✔blood in the pleural cavity pleural space - correct answer ✔✔The potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura. It is described as "potential" because under normal conditions, the space does not exist. Alcohol - correct answer ✔✔The most common abused drug in the world call poison control center - correct answer ✔✔What should you do immediately if you suspect that a person is poisoned?
Closed fracture - correct answer ✔✔Identify the fracture where the skin overlying the injury is intact? open or compound fracture - correct answer ✔✔Identify the fracture where an open wound exists over the fracture site. Often the affected bone is visible as it protrudes through the skin. 9% - correct answer ✔✔Rule of nines: head 1% - correct answer ✔✔Rule of nines: perineal 9% each arm - correct answer ✔✔Rule of nines: arms 18% each leg - correct answer ✔✔Rule of nines: legs 18% front and back - correct answer ✔✔Rule of nines: Front and back of body first degree burn - correct answer ✔✔Shallow partial-thickness sunburn - correct answer ✔✔Most common first-degree burn are what? Pharmacology - correct answer ✔✔The study of drugs (medications) and their action on the living body? Liver - correct answer ✔✔Organ that metabolizes drugs? Kidneys - correct answer ✔✔Organs that eliminate drugs? Agonist - correct answer ✔✔A drug that produces a predictable response at the intended site of action.
blood buffers - correct answer ✔✔1st line of defense for acid base balance respiratory system (lungs) - correct answer ✔✔2nd line of defense for acid base balance. Kidneys - correct answer ✔✔3rd line of defense for acid base balance. 2500ml/day - correct answer ✔✔Normal daily intake and output of fluids 30mL/hr - correct answer ✔✔How many mL of urine per hour must the kidneys secrete to eliminate waste products from the body
