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Pool Operator Exam Graded A+
whole range chlorine in a pool: ____ to _____ - ANS-1, 5 ideal range chlorine in a pool: ____ to _____ - ANS-2, 4 whole range chlorine in a spa: ____ to _____ - ANS-2, 10 ideal range chlorine in a spa: ____ to _____ - ANS-3, 5 4 types of solid chlorine - ANS-calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, trichlor, dichlor liquid chlorine - ANS-sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) how active is gas chlorine - ANS-100% the active killing form of chlorine in water - ANS-hypochlorous acid (HOCl) HOCl = ______ - ANS-H+ (hydrogen ion) + OCl- (hypochlorite ion) most common granular chlorine (pH range) - ANS-calcium hypochlorite (8.5 - 11, used to super chlorinate water) not common form of chlorine due to low active strength (pH) - ANS-lithium hypochlorite (10.8) tablet/stick chlorine usually used in erosion feeder (pH - what will it do?) - ANS-trichlor (2.8 - 3.5, lower alkalinity and pH over time) salt used as a disinfectant (pH) - ANS-dichlor (6.7 - common in vinyl lined pools) most common type of chlorine used (pH) - ANS-sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl - 13) ______ needs special training to use and has a pH of ____ and will _____ when added to water - ANS-gas chlorine, 0, lower pH chlorine is most effective as a pH of _____ - ANS-7. active disinfectant in the water - ANS-free chlorine (FC) FC is determined by the ______ test and is maintained between ____ and ____ ppm - ANS-DPD, 2, 4 equal to the amount of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the amt of hypochlorite ions (OCl-) - ANS-free chlorine (fc)
the result of free chlorine reacting with organic compounds - ANS-combine chlorine (CC) common name and max for pools and spas for combine chlorine - ANS-chloramines, 0.2, 0. CC = - ANS-TC - FC what will a DPD measure - ANS-TC, FC how much CC should a pool have ideally - ANS-zero shocking the pool is also called - ANS-breakpoint chlorination breakpoint chlorination is the conversion of ________ into ______ - ANS-combine chlorine, nitrogen gas breakpoint chlorination equation - ANS-BPC = 10 x CC [BPC = 10 x (TC - FC)] whole cyanuric acid range: _____ to ______ppm - ANS-0, 100 ideal cyanuric acid range: _____ to ______ ppm - ANS-30, 50 acts as a protection for chlorine compounds from UV light - ANS-cyanuric acid CyA will act as a stabilizer for _______ but does not stabilize ________ - ANS-free chlorine, bromine The only way to reduce CyA concentration is to _______ - ANS-dilute the water and replace it whole range of bromine: ____ to _____ - ANS-2, 10 ideal range of bromine: _____ to ______ - ANS-4, 6 second most common disinfectant in the pool - ANS-bromine two types of bromine used - ANS-sodium bromide, solid bromide Bromine in natural form is a ______ but is in _____ form when added to pools - ANS-reddish brown liquid, solid __________ is similar to hypochlorous acid - ANS-hypobromous acid
if you have high total alkalinity, add _____ or ______ - ANS-muriatic acid, sodium bisulfate whole range for calcium hardness in a pool: ____ to ____ - ANS-150, 1000 ideal range of calcium hardness in a pool: ____ to ____ - ANS-200, 400 whole range of calcium hardness in a spa: ____ to ____ - ANS-100, 800 ideal range of calcium hardness in a spa: ____ to ____ - ANS-150, 250 amount of calcium content in the water - ANS-calcium hardness calcium hardness is measured as ______ - ANS-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) calcium not in solution (as a solid) is called _____ - ANS-scale calcium hardness is affected by _______ - ANS-temperature when temp rises, calcium hardness becomes ______ - ANS-less soluble low calcium hardness leads to (3) - ANS-corrosive water, wall stains, heater failure if you have low calcium hardness, add - ANS-calcium chloride high calcium hardness leads to (3) - ANS-scale, cloudy water, clogged filters the only way to lower calcium hardness is to _____ - ANS-partially drain the water and replace it max temperature of a pool or spa - ANS-104 degrees at higher temps, there is an increased tendency for _____ - ANS-scaling at lower temperatures, there is an increased tendency for ______ - ANS-corrosion maximum total disolved solids - ANS- saturation index equation: SI= - ANS-pH + TF + CF + AF + TDSF green water - ANS-presence of copper red-brown water - ANS-presence of iron number one reason for cloudy water - ANS-improper filtration
too much calcium in the water leads to - ANS-scale cause of foaming - ANS-organic waste three types of algae - ANS-green, black, yellow most common and most easily controlled algae - ANS-green algae resulting from poor pool circulation - ANS-black algae that is difficult to control and often requires_____ - ANS-yellow, algaecide pool capacity (in gallons) is equal to the pool _______ times _______ - ANS-volume, 7.5 gallons minerals that cause stains (3) - ANS-iron, copper, manganese chemicals used to neutralize chlorine (2) - ANS-sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite acceptable range of free chlorine in a pool: ____ to ____ppm - ANS-1, 3 ideal chlorine in a spa - ANS- what causes the chlorine smell in an indoor pool - ANS-chloramines evaporating what are caused by chlorine combining itself to organic maters (like ammonia)? - ANS- chloramines which chlorine has a pH of nine and raises the pH of water? - ANS-liquid chlorine _____ deteriorates quickly into exposed air - ANS-sodium hypochlorite When using CA to stabilize a pool the chlorine level must stay above _____ ppm - ANS- 2 how is bromine different from chlorine? - ANS-combine bromine can be used as an effective sanitizer Breakpoint chlorination is an effective technique to reduce ________ which cause _______ - ANS-inorganic chloramines, chlorine odor what can be performed after a pool has been drained to remove stains? - ANS-acid wash what does a sequestration agent (chelating) do? - ANS-form chemical bonds to metals dissolving them in the water
when the water in the pipe is ______ then backwash is complete - ANS-clear As dirt and debris collect in a sand filter the ______ pressure increases and the _______ pressure decreases - ANS-influent, effluent are cartridge filters backwashed? - ANS-no (removed and hosed off) are sand filters backwashed? - ANS-yes depth markers should be at - ANS-horisontal surfaces, vertical surfaces, and twenty feet apart each electrical system must have ________ - ANS-ground fault circuit interrupters (GFIs) who is responsible for taking daily logs? - ANS-pool operator
