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pool operators test With correct answers
In addition to the training class and test, the operator must... - correct answershave knowledge of the swimming pool ordinance for the AHJ, make sure all certifications are kept updated, ensure that all employees are properly trained and in-services are held, be trained on the physical plant of swimming pool facility that they intend to operate, familiarize themselves with the specifics of the swimming pool facility conventional swimming pool - correct answersbasic type of swimming pool, "flat water" skimming pools where the water line is static with the exception of movement made by the bathers, often include a shallow and deep end, sections split by a safety rope wading pool - correct answersa body of water with a maximum depth of two feet or less, generally restricted to children under the age of six spa pool - correct answersusually a small, hot body of water with a high maximum flow rate and a maximum operating temperature of 104 degrees Fahrenheit indoor pool - correct answersa climate controlled swimming pool with an exterior building or shell which provides protection from the elements activity pool - correct answersa water attraction designed for play activity including constructed features like flotation devices diving pool - correct answersa pool primarily for diving interactive water play aquatic venue - correct answersany indoor or outdoor pool that includes sprayed, jetted, or other water sources contacting bathers
skimmer pool - correct answersa pool using a skimmer system surf pool - correct answersgenerates waves dedicated to the activity of surfing therapy pool - correct answersa pool exclusively for aquatic therapy wave pool - correct answersa pool designed to simulate breaking or cyclic waves for the purposes of general play increased risk aquatic venues - correct answerspool which have "intrinsic characteristics and intended users have a greater likelihood of affecting the health of the bathers of that venue by being at increase risk for microbial contamination". examples are spray pads, wading pools, and other aquatic venues designed for children less than five years old the CDC and the MAHC specify the use of what as a supplement to standard systems in venues identified as increased risk aquatic venues - correct answerssecondary disinfection systems surface area of a rectangular pool - correct answersthe horizontal area (or surface) of a swimming pool, found by multiplying the length times width surface area of a multisided pool - correct answersfound by dividing the horizontal surface of the swimming pool into sections surface of a circular pool - correct answersπr maximum facility load - correct answersdetermined by diving the surface of the pool and diving that number by 27, includes all the people at the facility, not just in the swimming pool
high rate sand filters - correct answersmost commonly used in commercial pools, the media is sand and pea gravel and operates at a flow rate of 15-20 gpm, pipes have large enough holes to allow the filtered water to pass through but also small enough to prevent the filter media from getting through to the pool, uses the top 6-12 inches of the filter bed glass filter media filter - correct answersglasses (crushed glass) or recycled glass is more efficient than sand, it filters at 15-20 gpm, no issues with calcification and channeling, glass filter uses entire filter beds conventional sand filter - correct answersan old filter that has a mixed media (sand, pea gravel, gravel, rock, and stone) that is layered in the filter tank, the majority of filtration occurs at the top of the filter, and, because of the low filter rate, they require much more space than a high rate sand filter diatomaceous earth (DE) filter - correct answersprimarily used in spas, provides superior filtration qualities, the filter media is DE, filters through a process called precoating, whereby the DE is recirculated through the filter until it has attached to the elements, must be replaced after each backwash, operates at a flow rate of 2gpm two types of DE filters - correct answerspressure (sealed tanks) and vacuum (open tanks) slurry feeding - correct answersa process where small amounts of DE are added into the filter system to extend the filter run (amount of time between backwash cycles) regenerative media filters - correct answersdesigned to save media and water costs, media used is perlite (a lightweight alternative to DE), flow rate is 2gpm, "bump" on a daily basis, bumping is where the filters mechanically cause the perlite to fall off the filter grids, the media is regenerated and new perlite is introduced cartridge filters - correct answersmaximum flow rate of .3 gpm, requires more effort from a pool operator, to clean the filters the pump must be turned off, filter opened, and manually remove the cartridges to be cleaned
all filters must be clearly identified with a manufacturer identification plate with information... - correct answersname, address and phone number of the filter manufacturer, type of filter media, surface area of the filter, minimum and maximum flow rate of the filter how many hours a day a commercial swimming pool filter must operate in order to achieve maximum water quality - correct answers24 hours a day when does the effectiveness of the filtration cycle increase - correct answersduring the hours that the pool is closed, due to decreased demand on the filters proper filtration will provide you with... - correct answersproper water chemistry and a high degree of water clarity the loss of water should only occur through... - correct answersbackwashing, displacement, and evaporation water in the pool is replaced through... - correct answersa large potable water line called a "fill spout", connected to an approved water source effluent lines - correct answersthe return line, in which water is delivered to the pool after it is filtered influent lines - correct answersthe lines that deliver unfiltered water from the pool to the the filter after the skimmer and main drain lines, where else does water pass through - correct answersthe hair & lint strainer
what can excessive backwashing lead to - correct answersnegative water quality what controls the directions of water flow in the filter system - correct answersthe valves, common types include multiport, butterfly, gate, ball and float how often does the hair & lint strainer need to be cleaned out - correct answersa minimum of once per day what to check for when installing the hair & lint strainer basket - correct answersbasket is facing towards the pool, and the basket has no holes or other damage what is a subunit of the hair & lint strainer that must be properly installed and free of debris - correct answersstrainer gasket what must happen prior to the installation of the strainer lid - correct answersthe operator must promise the strainer (a process where the strainer is filled completely with water to displace any air) what will happen if proper installation steps are not taken when installing the hair & lint strainer - correct answersan air leak, the filter system must operate free of air what should you do if an air leak occurs - correct answersturn off the system and prime the hair & lint strainer once again where are surface skimmers located - correct answersthe side of the pool at water level what are the components of a skimmer - correct answersskimmer lid, skimmer weir (one-way trap door which allows to debris to enter the skimmer but not go back into the pool), and skimmer basket (traps debris and prevents it from entering the skimmer line)
skimmer adjustment valve - correct answersallows you to regulate the flow of the water into each skimmer adjusting flow into skimmers - correct answerseach skimmer needs equal flow, but this means the ones furthest away from the filter need their valves opened more, an easy way to do this is to number the skimmers then put the total number of skimmers over 100 to find the percent to increase each one, so if there were 10 skimmers, set the closest one at 10%, the second closest at 20%, the furthest at 100%, etc. what is an alternative and more effective way of cleaning the surface of the pool water, as opposed to skimmers - correct answerssurface gutter system gutter system - correct answersprovides equal skimming action around the perimeter surface of the pool, proper water level MUST maintained for gutter system to be effective, water flows into the gutter system and from there enters a surge or water holding tank, very expensive and rare in public swimming pools main drain - correct answersunfiltered water is also delivered from the main drain, usually located in the deepest water of the pool, the drain must have a cover that is securely fastened, drain cover must be checked daily for defects or damage hydrostatic relief valve - correct answersoften found in the sump of the main drain and is not visible to the general public, a one-way valve that can be spring loaded (semi-automatic) or manual devise, it allows water under the pool shell to escape into the swimming pool to equalize the water pressure and prevent hydrostatic displacement when does displacement occur - correct answerswhen the water in a swimming pool is removed or drained
black pipe label - correct answersbackwash lines yellow pipe label - correct answersinfluent lines white pipe label - correct answerseffluent lines orange pipe label - correct answersvacuum lines green pipe label - correct answersauxiliary recirculation not part of the filtration system such as water features, jets, fountains, etc. red pipe label - correct answersheater piping centrifugal pump - correct answersoperated by an electric motor, drives water from the pool to the filter, must never be submerged in water, pool operator must ensure that filter room floor has proper drainage and is dry flooded suction pump - correct answersa pump located at an elevation lower than that of the pool water self priming pump - correct answersa pump located above the water level, this type of pump will generally have an over-sized hair & lint strainer once clean water gets to the pool, it is spread throughout the pool through... - correct answersa series of return line inlets located at the lowest point of the swimming pool floor and spaced evenly throughout the pool
how should return line inlets be adjusted - correct answersso that the water is distributed in a 360 degree motion, they need to be adjusted similar to the skimmers, the closer the inlet the less open it needs to be return line inlet dye test - correct answersat the beginning of a season, special dye is introduced into the system (usually through the skimmer or overflow gutter) and the dye will pass through the system and through the return inlets, revealing if the water is equally distributed what occurs in conjunction with proper filtration of the pool - correct answersproper disinfection of the pool positive displacement mechanical feeders (chemical feeders) - correct answerscommonly used to supply liquid disinfecting chemicals to the pool water, chemicals are introduced after the water has passed through the filter, types of displacement pumps include piston, diaphragm, and peristaltic, these pumps are also referred to as hypo chlorinators chemical storage containers (vats) - correct answerswhere disinfectant is stored while using the hypo chlorinator hypo chlorinator - correct answersa mechanical/electrical device that draws liquid chemicals from the chemical vats, through a tube, and then discharges the disinfectant to the return line through a tube or series of tubes that has an injector located in the effluent line the pressure of the discharge of chemicals from the hypo chlorinator must be high than... - correct answersthe pressure of the effluent line in-line check valve - correct answersprevents filtered water from back flowing through the hypo chlorinator to the chemical container
positive Langelier Saturation Index of 0.3 or higher - correct answersscale forming, the main cause is related to the insolubility of calcium carbonate, can lead to large blotches or spots on the walls of the pool, scaling will also occur on the interior of the pool piping and on the sand used as the filter media which can result in a loss of water flow and deterioration of water quality Taylor Pool & Spa Chemistry guide - correct answersa useful tool to assist an operator in maintaining your pool water chemistry and guide you to fix it if it is out of balance acceptable pH RANGE - correct answersbetween 7.2 and 7. optimum pH - correct answers7. what is a pH of 7.0 considered - correct answersneutral what is any pH below 7.0 considered - correct answersacidic what is any pH above 7.0 considered - correct answersbasic what can a low pH cause - correct answersetching of the pool plaster and corrosion to any metal fixtures or orifices what can a high pH cause - correct answersa significant reduction in the effectiveness of chlorine as a sanitizer, the formation of scaling on the pool, and cloudy water what discomfort can come to swimmers if the pH is either below 7.2 or above 7.8 - correct answerseye irritation or burning what is muriatic (hydrochloric) acid used for - correct answersto lower the pH
what is sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) used for - correct answersto increase the pH why do most pools focus on lowering the pH - correct answersour sanitizers have a high pH what is a sanitizer with a low pH - correct answersCYA (cyanuric acid), most commonly used in private pools calcium hardness - correct answersthe amount of calcium in the pool water, if the water does not have enough calcium hardness it will find calcium other places such as the pool plaster, if the calcium hardness is too high it will result in damage ot the pool and the formation of scale on the pool surface what should the calcium hardness be maintained at - correct answers250 ppm (parts per million) what is too high for calcium hardness - correct answers400 ppm or more, the calcium can no longer be absorbed and will cause cloudiness in the water what is the main chemical to raise the calcium hardness - correct answerscalcium chloride, preferably in in a state of flakes since they are easily soluble what affects the amount of calcium chloride that should be added - correct answersthe temperature of the pool (calcium hardness levels change slower in hot water), the volume of the pool, and the desired increase what to do if the calcium hardness level is too high - correct answersremove pool water and replace it with the water of a lower calcium hardness value (dilution)
what is the most prevalent method used to achieve oxidation - correct answerschlorination, which should occur 24 hours every day and chlorine residuals should be checked a minimum of once per hour how is chlorination introduced to the swimming pool in most cases - correct answersthrough mechanical feeders what happens is the legal minimum chlorine levels aren't met - correct answersthe pool closes for a period of no less than one hour, after the minimum chlorine residual has been reestablished sodium hypochlorite - correct answersthe main disinfectant used in public pools for chlorination, it is used in a liquid state, yellow in color, and has 10-15% chlorine available when delivered to the pool, has a pH value of 13+ and will increase the pH of the water, extremely corrosive how is sodium hypochlorite stores - correct answersin chlorine vats, which must be covered at all times, chlorine vats go inside a large secondary or containment vat what causes chlorine to lose strength in storage and dissipate quickly - correct answerssunlight what is one of the biggest disadvantages of sodium hypchlorite - correct answersthe formation of compounds known as chloramines (combined chlorines), which occurs when the sodium hypochlorite reacts with nitrogen and ammonia, which significantly impacts the oxidation process and therefore the effectiveness of the chlorine how are amines usually introduced to the swimming pool water - correct answersthrough human bodily wastes such as urine and perspiration
what precaution can decrease the amount of amines in the pool water - correct answersshowering before entering the pool which types of pool are most susceptible to chloramines - correct answersspas and indoor pools calcium hypochlorite (HTH) - correct answersa granular chlorine product with an available chlorine strength of 65%, has a high pH and will raise the pH level of the pool, generally used to provide a direct dosage of chlorine to a limited area, part of it is insoluble and will leave a calcium residue in the water which can lead to cloudy water calcification - correct answersthe hardening of sand, when calcium hypochlorite reacts with the media in a sand filter chlorine gas - correct answersextremely toxic and requires special handling, it's in gas form and has 100% available chlorine, heavier than air, this is rare in public swimming pools today, very low pH, requires constant pH monitoring what to do in the event of a chlorine gas leak - correct answersdirect people to the highest elevation point in the area adjacent to the facility and call the fire department, use ammonia to determine if there is a gas leak bromine - correct answerspreferred disinfectant in swimming pool spas, pH of 4.0-4.5, has minimal affect on pH of the pool water, less chance for chloramines, expensive, Free Bromine (FB) levles should be at 3.0 for pools and 4.0 for spas, should not be used with ozone as a secondary disinfectant, bromine can combine with nitrogen and ammonia to form bromamines which minimal slows oxidation but it is still effective as a disinfectant salt generation - correct answersthrough the process of electrolysis the dissolved salt produces hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, the generator produces a constant level of FAC which prevents the formation of combined chlorine, corrosion can occur to the coping stones, concrete deck, and metallic fixtures found in the interior of the pool
what are the two types of UV sanitation - correct answerslow pressure (LP) and medium pressure (MP) ozone generation - correct answersanother effective secondary disinfection system, destroys organic (biodegradable) compounds in the water, greatly reducing the creation of chloramines and cryptosporidium, increases oxygen levels in the filter, increase the efficiency of the filter media in high rate sand filter systems how is ozone generated - correct answersozone is a form of oxygen that is created when electrical energy breaks apart an ordinary oxygen molecule (O2) starting a chemical reaction that results in ozone (O3) free available chlorine - correct answersthe available chlorine existing in the form of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion, generally referred to as "good chlorine", this is the most effective form of sanitizer and disinfection in pool water, at pH of 7.5 the amounts of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion are equal, as the pH decreases the percentage of hypochlorous acid increased making chlorine most effective between pH levels of 7.2 and 7. combined available chlorine - correct answersthe available chlorine, which is combined with nitrogen and ammonia in the water to form chloramines the process to destroy chloramines - correct answersreferred to as breakpoint chlorination, where the free available chlorine (FAC) level in the pool water is raised to ten times the amount of the combined available chlorine (CAC) level, the CAC will continue to rise with the addition of chlorine until the breakpoint chlorination occurs formula to determine the combined chlorine level - correct answersTAC - FAC = CAC total available chlorine (TAC) - correct answersthe sum total of chlorine in all states minimum residual level for main pool - correct answers- free chlorine residual: 1.5 ppm
- free bromine residual: 3.0 ppm
- oxidation reduction potential in 650 mV minimum residual level for wading pool - correct answers- free chlorine residual: 2.0 ppm
- free bromine residual: 4.0 ppm
- oxidation reduction potential in 650 mV minimum residual level in the spa pool - correct answers- free chlorine residual: 3.0 ppm
- free bromine residual: 4.0ppm
- oxidation reduction potential in 650 mV disinfection by products - correct answersthe use of chlorine as a disinfectant can lead to the formation of DBPs, including trihalomethans and chloramines, DBPs can be toxic or even carcinogenic, they occur as a reaction between the organic and inorganic matter and chlorine in the water chemical storage - correct answersall chemicals should be kept separate areas, in the original containers which should be placed in another containment tanks Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - correct answersthis must accompany a hazardous product, a requirement of the Department of Labor and OSHA under the Hazard Communication Standard OSHA - correct answersa federal agency that establishes and administers federal safety rules and regulations for the protections of employees in the workplace, Occupational Safety and Healthy Administration
