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Populationparameter :A numerical value used as a summary measure for a population of data(e.g., the population mean, the population variance, and the populationstandard deviation).Posteriorprobabilities: Revised probabilities of events based on additional information.Powercurve :A graph of the probability of rejecting H0 for all possible values of thepopulation parameter not satisfying the null hypothesis. The power curveprovides the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis.Power : The probability of correctly rejecting H0 when it is false.Probabilitydensityfunction :A function used to compute probabilities for a continuous random
variable. The area under the graph of a probability density function overan interval represents probability.Probabilityfunction :A function, denoted by f(x), that provides the probability that x assumes aparticular value for a discrete random variable.Qualitativedata :Data that are labels or names used to identify an attribute of eachelement. Qualitative data may be nonnumeric or numeric.Qualitativevariable :A variable with qualitative data.Quantitativedata :Data that indicate how much or how many of something. Quantitativedata are always numeric.t Distribution: A family of probability distributions that can be used to develop interval
The error of accepting H0 when it is false.Unbiasedness: A property of a point estimator when the expected value of the pointestimator is equal to the population parameter it estimates.Union of The event containing all sample points that are in A, in B, or in both. Theevents Aand B :union is denoted AÈB.Types ofExperimentalDesigns: :Systematic Designs Randomized designSystematicDesigns: :These designs are those in which treatments are applied to theexperimental units by some systematic manner that is choice of theexperimenterAcceptance
and rejectionregion: :All possible values which a test-statistic may assume can be divided intotwo mutually exclusive groups: One group consisting of values whichappear to be consistent with the null hypothesis (i.e. values which appearto support the null hypothesis), and the other having values which lead tothe rejection of the null hypothesis. The first group is called theacceptance region and the second set of values is known as the rejectionregion for a testType Ierror: :When we perform a hypothesis test, we derive evidence from the samplein the form of a test statistics. There is a possibility that sample may leadus to make a wrong decision. We may reject the hypothesis when it is infact true. This type of error is called an error of first kind or type I-error.The probability of committing a type I error is denoted by
α
. Thus
α
is the
probability of rejecting null hypothesis Ho when Ho true.Type IIerror: :When we perform a hypothesis test, we derive evidence from the sample
by a dot placed above a horizontal axis that shows the range of values forthe observations.Discreterandomvariable :A random variable that may assume either a finite number of values or aninfinite sequence of values.Empiricalrule :A rule that states the percentages of items that are within one, two, andthree standard deviations from the mean for mound-shaped, or bellshaped,distributions.Experiment: A process that generates well-defined outcomes.Binomialexperiment: A probability experiment having the following four properties: consists ofn identical trials, two outcomes (success and failure) are possible on eachtrial, probability of success does not change from trial to trail, and the
trials are independent.Factorialexperiment: An experimental design that allows statistical conclusions about two ormore factors.Fivenumbersummary :An exploratory data analysis technique that uses the following fivenumbers to summarize the data set: smallest value, first quartile, median,third quartile, and largest value.Frame : A list of the sampling units for a study. The sample is drawn by selectingunits from the frame.Frequencydistribution: A tabular summary of data showing the number (or frequency) of itemsin each of several non-overlapping classes.Groupeddata :Data available in class intervals as summarized by a frequency
range (IQR): A measure of variability, defined to be the difference between the thirdand first quartiles.Leastsquaresmethod :The method used to develop the estimated regression equation. Itminimizes the sum of squared residuals (the deviations between theobserved values of the dependent variable, yi, and the estimated values ofthe dependent variable, yi)Regressionequation :The equation that describes how the mean or expected value of thedependent variable is related to the independent variable.Rejectionregion :The range of values that will lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis.Replication: The number of times each experimental condition is repeated in an
experiment.Residual : The difference between the observed value of the dependent variable andthe value predicted using the estimated regression equation.Samplepoint :An element of the sample space. A sample point represents anexperimental outcome.Samplestatistic :A numerical value used as a summary measure for a sample (e.g., thesample mean, the sample variance, and the sample standard deviation).The value of the sample statistic is used to estimate the value of thepopulation parameter.Sampledpopulation: The population from which the sample is taken.Samplingunit :The units selected for sampling. A sampling unit may include severalelements.
