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BIOD 101 Module 3: Cellular Respiration and Metabolism - Questions and Solutions, Quizzes of Biology

Virginia State University (VSU)Biology

A comprehensive overview of cellular respiration and metabolism, covering key concepts such as redox reactions, dehydration/condensation reactions, hydrolysis reactions, anabolism, catabolism, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (krebs cycle), and electron transport chain. It includes detailed explanations of each process, along with relevant chemical equations and examples. The document also features a series of questions and solutions, designed to reinforce understanding and test knowledge.

Typology: Quizzes

2024/2025

Available from 02/17/2025

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Portage BIOD 101 Module 3 Questions with
Solutions
1.Chemical reactions of metabolic processes: (1) redox reactions, (2)
dehydra- tion condensation reactions, (3) dehydration reactions and (4)
hydrolysis reactions.
2.Redox Reaction: Involve transfer of electrons from a substrate which is
oxidized, to another substance which is reduced
3.dehydration/condensation reaction: a reaction in which two molecules
are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule
and other small molecules. Requires energy
4.dehydration reaction: A chemical reaction in which two molecules
become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a
water molecule.
5.hydrolysis reaction: A biomacromolecule is degraded into 2 or more
monomers with the gain of a water molecule and release of energy
6.Metabolism: The sum of all synthetic and degradation biochemical
reactions in the human body
7.Anabolism: The sum total of all processes in an organism which use
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Download BIOD 101 Module 3: Cellular Respiration and Metabolism - Questions and Solutions and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

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Portage BIOD 101 Module 3 Questions with

Solutions

  1. Chemical reactions of metabolic processes: (1) redox reactions, (2) dehydra- tion condensation reactions, (3) dehydration reactions and (4) hydrolysis reactions.
  2. Redox Reaction: Involve transfer of electrons from a substrate which is oxidized, to another substance which is reduced
  3. dehydration/condensation reaction: a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule and other small molecules. Requires energy
  4. dehydration reaction: A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
  5. hydrolysis reaction: A biomacromolecule is degraded into 2 or more monomers with the gain of a water molecule and release of energy
  6. Metabolism: The sum of all synthetic and degradation biochemical reactions in the human body
  7. Anabolism: The sum total of all processes in an organism which use

2 / energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life.

  1. Catabolism: The sum total of all processes in an organism which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.
  2. Cellular respiration and metabolism are examples of:: Catabolic reactions
  3. cellular respiration: Transfer of electrons that have stored energy, such as glucose, to other molecules
  4. aerobic respiration: Respiration that involves consumption of oxygen. Yields greatest amount of ATP and is primary metabolic pathway in the body.
  5. anaerobic respiration: Respiration that does not require oxygen
  6. Glycolysis: first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Can be aerobic or anaerobic; occurs in cytoplasm
  7. Equation for Gylcolysis: Glucose+2NAD*+2ATP+2Pi = 2 Pyruvates+2NADH+2ADP+4ATP
  8. Glucose: C6H12O

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  1. exergonic reaction: When energy is released in a biochemical reaction
  2. G3P Intermediate Phase: G3P is oxidized as electrons are transferred to NAD* forming NADH
  3. triose phosphate isomerase: Converts G3P to (2) 1,3- biphosphoglycerate
  4. Phosphoglycerokinase: Transfers phosphate group from (2) 3- biphosphoglyc- erate to (2) ADP, generating (2) ATP and (2) 3- Phosphoglycerate
  5. substrate-level phosphorylation: Metabolic formation of ATP by directly trans- ferring a phosphate group from an organic substance
  6. Phosphoglycermutase: Converts 3-Phosphoglycerate to 2- Phosphoglycerate
  7. Enolase: Catalyzes dehydration reaction, forming phosphophenolpyruvate (PEP)
  8. pyruvate kinase: Transfers phosphate group from PEP to ADP, generating (2) ATP and (2) pyruvate
  9. Glucose path in energy payoff phase: 5. G3P (yield 2 NADH) 6.1,3-biphosphoglycerate (yield 2 ATP) 7.3-phosphoglycerate

5 / 8.2-phosphoglycerate 9.phosphophenylpyruvate (PEP) 10.Pyruvate (2) (also yield 2 ATP)

  1. Enzyme path in energy payoff phase: 6. Triose phosphate 7.Phosphoglycerokinase 8.Phosphoglycermutase 9.Enolase 10.Pyruvate Kinase
  2. Glycolysis net yield: 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 H
  3. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Generates high energy molecules NADH and FADH2 later used to generate ATP in electron transport chain.
  4. Location of Krebs Cycle: mitochondrial matrix
  5. CAC Reaction 1: acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate to form citrate.
  6. CAC Reaction 2: Citrate converts to isocitrate
  7. Isomers: Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different arrangement of atoms via dehydration and hydrolysis
  8. CAC reaction 3: Isocitrate is oxidized, reducing NAD* to NADH. 2nd

7 / diet

  1. Cytochromes: An iron-containing protein that is arranged like a chain and pulls electrons through the ETC like a magnet
  2. Oxygen in ETC: Is the final acceptor, greatest affinity for electrons
  3. Complex I: Is reduced as it accepts electrons from NADH
  4. Flavoprotein: Protein found in mitochondria, associated with oxidation reduc- tions
  5. Fe-S: iron-sulfur protein
  6. Electron carrier for complexes I and II: ubiquinone
  7. Electron carrier for complexes III and IV: Cytochrome-C
  8. Complex II: accepts electrons from complex I, FADH2 is oxidized to FAD
  9. Complex III: Accepts electrons from Q
  10. Complex IV: terminal acceptor, where O2 is oxidized to H
  11. proton-motive force: The increasing concentration of protons in the intermem- brane space due to movement of electrons down the ETC
  12. ATP synthase: Generates ATP through chemiosmosis
  13. Chemiosmosis: An energy-coupling process which harnesses energy in the proton ion gradient and uses it for ATP synthesis.
  14. stator: Stationary part of synthase anchored to lipid bilayer

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  1. ETC + OP net yield: 26-28 ATP
  2. lactic acid fermentation: Pyruvate conversion to lactic acid
  3. Alcoholic fermentation: Pyruvate conversion to acetaldehyde to ethanol