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PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 8 EXAM, Exams of Pathophysiology

Walden UniversityPathophysiology

PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 8 EXAM

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 05/30/2026

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PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 8 EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025 UPDATE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION.
Each of the following statements are true regarding
control over the GFR except: - CORRECT ANSWERS-The RAA
responds when blood pressure rises above normal limits.
(false b/c the RAA responds when blood pressure drops
below normal limits.)
Which of the following statements is false regarding ADH?
- CORRECT ANSWERS-Elevated levels of ADH will lead to
dilute urine.
(false b/c DECREASED levels of ADH will lead to dilute
urine)
Cortical nephrons are characterized by the following
except: - CORRECT ANSWERS-they originate deep in the
cortex (false b/c they originate superficially in the cortex)
Excess accumulation of fluid within the interstitial
compartment is characteristic of which of the following
fluid imbalances? - CORRECT ANSWERS-edema
Reabsorption in the loop of Henle is characterized by the
following except: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Na+ and water are
reabsorbed in equal proportions
(The loop of Henle reabsorbed more Na+ and Cl- than
water)
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PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 8 EXAM |

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025 UPDATE WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTION.

Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: - CORRECT ANSWERS-The RAA responds when blood pressure rises above normal limits. (false b/c the RAA responds when blood pressure drops below normal limits.) Which of the following statements is false regarding ADH?

  • CORRECT ANSWERS-Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine. (false b/c DECREASED levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine) Cortical nephrons are characterized by the following except: - CORRECT ANSWERS-they originate deep in the cortex (false b/c they originate superficially in the cortex) Excess accumulation of fluid within the interstitial compartment is characteristic of which of the following fluid imbalances? - CORRECT ANSWERS-edema Reabsorption in the loop of Henle is characterized by the following except: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Na+ and water are reabsorbed in equal proportions (The loop of Henle reabsorbed more Na+ and Cl- than water)

Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base disorders? (mark all that apply) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Metabolic disorders are a result of a change in plasma HCO3- levels Respiratory disorders are a result of a change in plasma CO2 levels Normal blood pH = 7.35-7. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following except: - CORRECT ANSWERS-Associated with a poor prognosis as it often leads to CKD (the prognosis is good when underlying cause is treated) Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection? - CORRECT ANSWERS-it involves humoral immunity Which of the following is true of 25- hydroxycholecalciferol? - CORRECT ANSWERS-It is the active form of vitamin D, converted in the liver A patient is said to be in stage 3a kidney disease. What would you expect their GFR to be? - CORRECT ANSWERS- 70 mL/min/1.73m Which of the following is true regarding tubular secretion?

  • CORRECT ANSWERS-H+ is secreted in the intercalated cells

T/F, if False make the statement True Hyperkalemia can be caused by movement of K+ from the ECF to the ICF compartment. - CORRECT ANSWERS-False, hyperkalemia can be cause by the movement of K+ from the ICF to the ECF compartment. Explain why renal flow is decreased with sympathetic activity. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sympathetic activity diverts blood to the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles. During these times the renal autoregulatory system may be superseded by nervous system control. In this event, a narrowing of the afferent arteriole is caused by sympathetic nerve fibers followed by a release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla which leads to a subsequent decrease in renal flow and the GFR. A patient has a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and a subsequent electrolyte imbalance. Which electrolyte imbalance may they experience given this condition? Explain why pancreatitis would lead to this imbalance. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hypocalcemia. Acute pancreatitis causes the release of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes. Free fatty acids are released during lipolysis in the pancreas. Ca2+ binds to these fatty acids removing them from the blood. Explain why the glomerulus is situated between 2 arterioles. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Arterioles are high resistance vessels resulting in an extremely high-pressure system which can easily force fluid and solutes out of the blood into the glomerular capillary along its entire length.

A patient with chronic kidney disease must undergo dialysis treatments as they wait for transplantation. Give 1 reason peritoneal dialysis would be preferable to the patient over hemodialysis and 1 concern in choosing peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis. - CORRECT ANSWERS- Peritoneal dialysis can be done in the patient's home as opposed to going to a dialysis clinic multiple times per week. A major concern of the utilization of peritoneal dialysis is the risk for infection at the catheter site. A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy, and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan is ordered, and it reveals a stone 4 mm in diameter. What type of renal calculi do you suspect? What treatment is needed? Explain your reasoning for both answers. - CORRECT ANSWERS-The patient has a magnesium ammonium phosphate stone given the elevated pH of their urine. These types of stones are the result of a UTI caused by bacteria that contains urease. Urease breaks urea down to form ammonia which raises the pH of the urine. This patient has a history of UTIs so this should be taken into consideration. This patient does not require a procedure to remove the stone. Since it is less than 5 mm in diameter, the stone should pass on its own. The patient should be placed on antibiotics to treat the UTI as well as medication for pain management. A patient presents in the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to vomiting. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 8.2, PCO2 = 39 mm, and HCO3- = 33 mEq/L. Based upon these results,