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This is the Exam of Linear Algebra which includes Steps, Columns, General Solution, Dimension, Null Space, Projection, Distance, Vector Orthogonal, Gram Schmidt Process etc. Key important points are: Possible Perform, Vectors, Determine, Linear Combination, Satisfy, Upper Triangular, Matrix, Elimination, Factorization, Inverses
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Math 337 – Fall 2004 Midterm Examination 1
Instructions. Show your work. Calculators are not permitted. Scoring: 12 points per problem, except problem 8 which is 16 points (parts of problems are equally weighted unless noted otherwise). This examination has eight problems; problem 5 through 8 are on the back of this page.
Problem 1. (12 points) Where possible perform the following matrix calculations:
(a)
(^) (b) [ 1 2 ]
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f )
Problem 2. (12 points) For each part, determine whether or not the given vector x is a linear combination of the vectors in the given set S. Explain your reasoning.
(a) x = (1, 2 , 3), S = {(1, 0 , 0), (0, 1 , 0), (0, 0 , 1)} (b) x = (0, 0 , 0), S = {(1, 2 , 3), (4, 5 , 6), (7, 8 , 9)} (c) x = (2, 3), S = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 2)}
Problem 3. (12 points) Showing your work, find all 2 × 2 matrices A that satisfy
A
Problem 4. (12 points; 3 points per part) (a) Which three matrices E 21 , E 31 , E 32 put A into upper triangular form U?
(^) and E 32 E 31 E 21 A = U.
(b) Multiply those E’s to get one matrix M that does elimination: M A = U. (c) If possible, find M −^1. (d) If possible, give the LU factorization of A.
2
Problem 5. (12 points) Compute the inverses of the following matrices (if possible):
(a)
(b)
(^) (c)
(d)
Problem 6. (12 points) For each matrix A below, show (if possible) that there is a nonzero vector x in the null space of A; also determine if the matrix A is invertible.
(a)
(b)
Problem 7. (12 points) Suppose that x and y are vectors in R^2 with y 6 = 0. Consider the linear combinations of x and y of the form x + ty where t is a real number.
(a) Find the linear combination of this form having the shortest length; call it w. Hint: Minimize ||x + ty||^2. (b) Show that y and w are perpendicular.
Problem 8. (16 points) Suppose
(^) and b =
(a) (12 points) Find all solutions x of Ax = b. (b) (2 points) Prove or disprove that b ∈ C(A) where C(A) is the column space of A. (c) (2 points) What is the rank of A?