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Power Cycles, Slides of Thermodynamics

University of Michigan (UM) - Ann ArborThermodynamics

George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332. Brian Connolly, Nathan Andrews, ...

Typology: Slides

2022/2023

Uploaded on 05/11/2023

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Advanced Model Development for Large Eddy Simulation
of Oxy-Combustion and Supercritical CO2Power Cycles
Joe Oefelein, Adam Steinberg, Devesh Ranjan,
Dhruv Purushotham, Chang Hyeon Lim,
Vedanth Nair, Chris Balance, Stephen Johnston
Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
Brian Connolly, Nathan Andrews, Steve White
Propulsion and Energy Machinery Technologies
Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238
1
UTSR Project Review Meeting, Project FE0031772, November 8 –10, 2021
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Advanced Model Development for Large Eddy Simulation

of Oxy-Combustion and Supercritical CO

Power Cycles

Joe Oefelein, Adam Steinberg, Devesh Ranjan,

Dhruv Purushotham, Chang Hyeon Lim,

Vedanth Nair, Chris Balance, Stephen Johnston

Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332

Brian Connolly, Nathan Andrews, Steve White

Propulsion and Energy Machinery Technologies Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238 UTSR Project Review Meeting, Project FE0031772, November 8 – 10, 2021 1

Project objective

• Development and validation of predictive models for treatment of direct sCO 2 power

cycles through a synergistic combination of computational and experimental research

  • Multiphysics model development using DNS/LES (Oefelein/Connolly/Andrews)
    • Detailed treatment of high-pressure (supercritical) flow processes inherent to oxy-fueled combustion
    • Progression from canonical laboratory-scale studies to device-scale conditions and geometries (e.g., 1500 K, 30 MPa turbine inlet conditions)
  • Experiments for model validation using a combination of laser and optical measurement

techniques (Steinberg/Ranjan/White)

  • Mixing layer dynamics in sCO 2 loop at Georgia Tech (i.e., Density measurements using 2D burst-mode Raman scattering)
  • 1 MW sCO 2 combustor at Southwest Research Institute (i.e., Chemiluminescence imaging of H 2 O and post-flame CO 2 )

Tasks/milestones

• Task 1.0: Project Management and Planning

• Task 2.0: Multiphysics Model Development

  • Subtask 2.1: Unit physics model evaluation and verification studies
  • Subtask 2.2: Treatment of turbulent multiscalar mixing processes
  • Subtask 2.3: Treatment of turbulence-chemistry interactions

• Task 3.0: Benchmark Large Eddy Simulations

  • Subtask 3.1: Model validation (Georgia Tech sCO2 Loop)
  • Subtask 3.2: Model validation (SwRI 1 MW Oxy-Fueled sCO2 Combustor)
  • Subtask 3.3: Parametric Analysis

• Task 4.0: Experiments for Model Validation

  • Subtask 4.1: Non-reacting density and velocity measurements in redesigned test section
  • Subtask 4.2: Preliminary IR measurements in 1 MW oxy-fueled sCO2 combustor
  • Subtask 4.3: Complete IR measurements in 1 MW oxy-fueled sCO2 combustor

Current focal points

Detailed analysis and model development enabled using

RAPTOR code suite designed for DNS/LES

  • Theoretical framework (Comprehensive)
    • Fully-coupled, compressible conservation equations
    • Nonideal gas/liquid equation of state (high-pressure phenomena)
    • Detailed thermodynamics, transport with finite-rate chemistry
    • Multiphase flow with interface tracking (LS-GFM), spray (Lagrangian-Eulerian)
    • Dynamic subfilter modeling (no tuned constants)
    • Fully-integrated CHT and FSI (in progress)
  • Numerical framework (High-quality)
    • Kinetic-energy/entropy preserving (non-dissipative, discretely conservative)
    • All-Mach-number (dual-time stepping with generalized preconditioning
    • Complex geometry and BC’s
  • Massively-parallel (Highly-scalable) Project selected to receive 2020-2021 ASCR Leadership Computing Challenge (ALCC) award

Simulations performed using completely general

treatment EOS, thermodynamic, and transport properties

Critical Point (304, 468)

Carbon Dioxide

Focus on property

variations at p = 80 bar

and 308 ≤ T ≤ 318 K

• State-of-the-art formulation for

EOS, thermodynamics, transport,

and interfacial properties based

on NIST expertise over decades

  • Real-fluid mixture properties

obtained using Extended

Corresponding States model

  • Multicomponent formulation

using Cubic (e.g., SRK, PR),

BWR, or Helmholtz EOS

  • Generalized to treat wide range

of hydrocarbon mixtures

(Fuel/Oxidizer/Products)

• Custom stand-alone software

designed to run efficiently on

HPC platforms

Georgia Tech sCO

loop designed to provide insights into

supercritical fluid mixing (80 bar, 308 ≤ T ≤ 318 K)

Pressure [MPa / psi] Temperature [K / F] Re Density [kg/m^3 ] Velocity [m/s] Upper Stream 8 / 1160 308 / 94.7 1.26e5 419.08 0. Lower Stream 8 / 1160 318 / 113 4.48e4 241.04 0.

Detailed analysis supported via progression

of 2D/3D DNS and LES

Goal: Facilitate analysis required to understand basic physics and model injection/mixing/combustion processes unique to high-pressure (supercritical) power and propulsion systems Vorticity and Mixture Fraction Scalar-Dissipation Field

Computational domain and grid match experiment

(WRLES completed, full DNS in progress)

U = 0.55 m/s T = 308 K Reh = 126, U = 0.11 m/s T = 318 K Reh = 44, p = 8 MPa Wall-Resolved Wall-Resolved 𝛿ref = 1 mm (Splitter Plate Thickness) Time-dependent turbulent inflow fluctuations imposed using Synthetic Eddy Method

How do nonlinear property variations affect flow and what

are the implications with respect to modeling?

Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide

  • Two forms of compressibility must be considered
    • Isothermal compressibility … change in volume due to change in pressure at constant temperature
    • Coefficient of thermal expansion … change in volume due to change in temperature at constant pressure

Rate of change in pressure and temperature can be

significantly modulated by these nonlinearities

where

Isosurface showing threshold where the coefficient

of thermal expansion is 0.

Ratio of c

/𝛒C

p

also modulates observables in

highly nonlinear manner

u

  • velocity, m/s u
  • velocity, m/s Cp = 20000 J/kg⦁K 𝛾 = 2 u
  • velocity, m/s 𝜈 = 7.1 x 10-^8 m^2 /s

Transport properties exhibit

similar behavior

Reacting flow studies …

Non-reacting supercritical LOX-CH4 mixing layer Reacting supercritical LOX-CH4 mixing layer

Many additional terms arise as consequence of filtering

compressible multicomponent conservation equations