Network Theory: Power and Social Influence, Slides of Network Theory

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Network Theory:

Computational Phenomena and Processes

Social Influence

Power

Social exchange = Trading of goods, services, and attention

among individuals; i.e., things not available to self.

-Exchange is POSITIVE if there is reciprocation; i.e., give and take.

-Exchange is NEGATIVE if there is exclusion or inhibition involved.

-If there are resources involved, those with more control over others for the resource have more power compared to those lacking control.

-E.g. The north /south divide over natural resources such as oil, minerals, intellect, etc.

E.g. C Stock Network A B D

-Imagine a resource located at nodes, access paths to resource produce relative power.

J

1 |R:|

Control (^) j = Social= ∑ Control (^) j d JRi j=

Power C,D > Power B> Power A

Ri

E.g. Seller Buyers ᴓ B A 1 Payoff(B)= x Payoff(A)= 1 - x ᴓ D C 1 Exchange= buyer/seller negotiation

-Nash Bargaining: A B

outside option X outside option Y

x + y < 1 iff A & B negotiate Surplus = 1 – x – y

Nash solution = {

x + ½ , to A i.e. equidependent outcome

y + ½ , to B