Understanding Qualitative and Quantitative Research: Methods, Uses, and Advantages, Study Guides, Projects, Research of English

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Qualitative

& It’s

Importance

in Daily Life

Research

Methods

Qualitative Quantitative

Qualitative

Research

+ The most basic definition of qualitative research is

that it uses words as data, collected and analyzed in

all sorts of ways.

+ Quantitative research, in contrast, uses numbers as

data and analyzes them using statistical techniques

Qualitative

Research

• (^) Qualitative data does not simply count things, but is a way of recording people's attitudes, feelings and behaviours in greater depth.

Uses

Explaining whether an intervention influences an outcome for one group as opposed to another group Associating or relating variables in a predictable pattern for one group of individuals Describing trends or characteristics for the population of people Intervention Research Non-Intervention Research

Correlational

Research

Descriptive

Research

Experimental

Research

Uses

Grounded Theory

Research

Narrative

Research

Ethnographic

Research

Exploring the

shared

culture of a

people

group

Exploring

common

experiences of

individuals to

develop a

theory

Exploring

individual

stories to describe

the lives of people

either… Study of an individual or small group of individuals to focus on what variables and relationships are present in that individual case Forming a theory in advance and collecting qualitative observations to quickly see if the theory has any validity or application in a small and preselected population. Study of a small group to get an indication of how the group (or individuals within that group) think about a topic. Case Study Focus Group^ Action Research

Sources of Qualitative Data Analysis

• (^) Questionnaires/Surveys : a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from the respondents.
• (^) Interviews : a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee.

Sources of Qualitative Data Analysis

• (^) Observations are then made of their user behaviour, user processes, workflows etc, either in a controlled situation (e.g. lab based) or in a real-world situation (e.g. the workplace).
• (^) Discourse Analysis : a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, spoken or signed language use.

Qualitative

Research

• (^) Qualitative data analysis is:
• (^) Often based on grounded theory practices
• (^) Answers the 'why' questions
• (^) Pays greater attention to individual cases

Why do we do Qualitative Research

+ Coding of categories and sub-categories identified

+ Compares codes, looking for consistencies, differences,

patterns etc.

+ Looks for new and emerging categories

EXAMPLE:

• (^) What do you think is the best way to motivate Senior high school student in their studies?

+ Synergy among respondents, as they build on each

other’s comments and ideas.

+ The dynamic nature of the interview or group

discussion process, which engages respondents more

actively than is possible in more structured survey.

• (^) The opportunity to probe ("Help me understand why you feel that way") enabling the researcher to reach beyond initial responses and rationales.
• (^) The opportunity to observe, record and interpret non-verbal communication (i.e., body language, voice intonation) as part of a respondent’s feedback, which is valuable during interviews or discussions, and during analysis.