Data Collection Methods in Qualitative Research: Observation and Interview, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Political studies

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ACTIVITY SHEETS

Practical Research 1

QUARTER 4

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Quarter 4 Week 5

Name: ____________________ Grade Level: _________ Section: _____________

Activity Sheet No. _____ Date Answered: ____________

In the previous lessons, you have identified the methods of data collection as well as the logical steps in organizing and analyzing data. This activity will be on the application of the two main techniques in gathering data for your research study, the observation and interview methods. A. Riddle It: Identify the riddle in each item. Let your imagination run free and see beyond logic to find the correct answer!

1. All 5 researchers are busy. Sarawat is reading the introduction, Samantha is writing literature, Catriona is doing the practice interview, and Tine is writing the methodology. What is the 5th researcher doing?? Answer: _______________.
2. I am the beginning and end of gathering and gossiping. What am I? Answer: _______________.
3. I am part of you. I am very important when you are doing observation. I can distinguish colors. When I am alone, I only have three letters. Who am I? Answer: _______________.
4. Researcher A, Researcher B, Researcher C, and Researcher D are on the same helicopter. They are on their way to an island for their research interview. There are only 3 parachutes left for the four of them. Researcher A says: As the leader of this group, I should have the right to have a parachute because, without me, this research will not have existed. Researcher B says: I am the one handling our finances, I have all the rights to be safe. Researcher C says: I have many connections. Supports and funds from private agencies are not difficult when I will survive. Researcher D: I think among the four of us, I should be the one to sacrifice. I only attended one of our ten meetings. I cannot even correctly state our research title. Which one of them will abandon the parachute and die? Answer: _______________.
5. You can find me once in a pocket, twice in a bottle, but never in a backpack. What am I? Answer: _______________. Did you get all the riddles? Amazing job!

Lesson 16 : Data Collection through Observation and Interview

“Listen, Observe, Speak, and Learn”

HERE’S HOW IT IS!

A. What’s on Your Mind?

1. Gretel and Berna are research partners. Their topic is about the importance of getting a degree in professional life. What do you think is the best data collection strategy for their study? Explain your answer.

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2. Danica is interested in studying tamaraw’s mating patterns, gender roles, and eating habits in their natural habitat. What best strategy in collecting data would you suggest for her research?

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3. What data collection method best suited for the topic “The influence of social media on body image among teenagers” Explain your answer.

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Wow! Excellent explanations!

ARE YOU TAKING IT?

Methods of Data Collection in Qualitative Research (Prieto 2017, 151)

1. Interview This technique is performed by encouraging the research participants to talk about their experiences, emotions, beliefs, customs, and outlooks. This method is preferred by researchers because they can listen to views and perceptions of the participants. Furthermore, it has high response rate and time and opportunity to view behaviors are adequate. Forms of Interview ✓ Structure Interview - utilizes interview schedule, set of prepared questions are asked uniformly from one respondent to another, and the researcher/interviewer cannot change or rephrase the original questions. ✓ Semi-Structure Interview - has predetermined set of questions and schedule. Interviewer or the researcher can ask more questions for additional information.

2. Introduction. Provides instructions to the interviewer which will serve as his/her guide in conducting the session. It is a prerequisite that the interviewer introduce himself/herself including the objectives of the research.
3. Opening Question. This is about getting to know participants so they will feel at ease. Questions related to their work or activities are good starters. Very personal questions must be avoided.
4. Content Questions. These are sub-questions based on the central phenomenon being studied.
5. Closing Instructions. Acknowledgment to the interviewee for his/her time
6. Observation When it is not possible for a researcher to use questionnaires or conduct an interview, an observation is a preferred tool in gathering information. Studies that involve very young children, tribes, person with disabilities is difficult for a researcher to gather factual data (Prieto 2017, 148). The researcher takes field notes on the behavior and activities of participants at their natural setting. ✓ Participant Observation - the researcher immerses himself in the natural setting of the participants. This method enables the researcher to experience, see, hear, and feel the participants’ daily life. They must be aware that they are being observed by a researcher. ✓ Observational Evaluation - the researcher may or may not participate in the activities of the group being observed. The researcher mostly observes and records both verbal and non-verbal behavior of person or group of people. When using the observation method, you use your senses to observe and study people in their natural settings. It involves observing behavior and recording results using these systematic guidelines.
7. Observation should be certain and planned. Pre-planned questions serve as guides throughout the process.
8. Observational protocol checklist should be prepared. This shall be used for the recording of observations. A video recording can be used in collecting behavioral data. An observational protocol is a method used for recording observations. It includes both descriptive or those about what happened and reflective or learning based on what have been observed.
9. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods may be used for data analysis

DO IT!

A. Modified True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is true and if FALSE, change the UNDERLINED word/s to make the statement correct. _________ 1. An observation protocol is a method used for recording observations. It includes both descriptive and reflective observations. _________ 2. Participant observation is a method that enables the researcher to experience, see, hear, and feel the participants’ daily life. _________ 3. Building good rapport between the interviewer and the respondents is the last step in the interview process. _________ 4. In recording your observation, the data must be arranged chronologically. _________ 5. It is necessary to seek participants’ consent before you undergo research observations and interviews. Steps in the Process of Observation

1. Selection of the research site. This refers to the site where you can best understand your topic being studied. Gaining access through letter of consent is a prerequisite first step that a researcher must do.
2. Develop observational protocol/checklist.
3. Focus on the observation. Before writing any notes, think of what catches your attention. There will be a lot in the site but focus your observation only on what will help you understand your research question.
4. Determine your role. What will you be as a researcher? Will you be a participant observer or non-participant observer?
5. Record. Using the observation protocol, record what you observe using your five senses. The observation should be arranged chronologically.
6. After the observation, slowly withdraw by thanking the participants for their time. Hooray! You have completely read the topic. Great work!

Answers Key : Riddle it A. The fifth researcher is doing the mock interview with 1. Catriona. G 2. Eyes 3. The helicopter was not crashed.. None 4. T 5. (Answers of students may vary) Are You Taking It? Do it!

1. TRUE 2. TRUE 3. FIRST STEP 4. TRUE 5. TRUE (Answers may vary) B. Fill it Up ! Ace it (Answers may vary) : Conduct an Observation