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Practice Exam 2 with Answer Key - Evolution |, Exams of Theory of Evolution

State University of New York at Albany (SUNY)Theory of Evolution

Material Type: Exam; Class: Evolution; Subject: Biology / Biological Sciences; University: SUNY at Albany; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Exams

2010/2011

Uploaded on 05/08/2011

sandratrejos
sandratrejos 🇺🇸

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: (5 points each, 125 point total)
1. Heritability allows us to predict whether selection on a particular trait will cause a population to evolve.
(A) True
(B) False
2. Which of the following organisms do you expect to find high level of linkage disequilibrium in the
population?
(A) A selfing plant
(B) A small population that has experien ced genetic drift for a long period of time.
(C) An agriculture crop that has been selected for high yield for hundreds of years.
(D) All of the above
(E) None of the above
3. What is the Muller’s ratchet?
(A) It was an instrument invented by Hermann Muller in 1960s to study the effect of linkage
disequilibrium in the population.
(B) The Muller's ratchet belongs to a group of models explaining the evolution of genetic drift and
genetic recombination.
(C) It is impossible for the "ratchet" to turn back ward because once an allele has been selected to
fixation there is no turning back in allele frequency.
(D) The inexorable forward turning of the ratchet is used as a metaphor to describe the inevitable
accumulation of deleterious mutations in asexual populations.
(E) One of the evolutionary forces that has been invoked to have the ability to break the ratcheting
effect is gene flow between individuals fro m various populations.
You have conducted a genetic survey of an endangered endemic population with a total of 20
individuals on a remote island with virtually no migration from other populations. The trait you are
interested in is controlled by the gene S, a single locus responsible for the spotted pattern, with the SS
individuals being highly spotted, the Ss individuals l ess so, and th e ss individuals having no spot. At the
beginning of your survey, you found the alleles frequencies for the S and s alleles are the same in the
population. As far as you know, the spotted pattern does not seem to contribute to reproductive success or
increased chance of survival, and the mating seems to be random. Given the information above, please
answer Questions 4 and 5.
4. What would be the number of the Ss individuals in the next generation?
(A) 0
(B) 5
(C) 10
(D) 20
(E) All are possible
5. Given long enough time, ho w many Ss individuals would you find in this population?
(A) 0
(B) 5
(C) 10
(D) 20
(E) All are likely
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Download Practice Exam 2 with Answer Key - Evolution | and more Exams Theory of Evolution in PDF only on Docsity!

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: ( 5 points each, 125 point total)

1. Heritability allows us to predict whether selection on a particular trait will cause a population to evolve. (A) True (B) False 2. Which of the following organisms do you expect to find high level of linkage disequilibrium in the population? (A) A selfing plant (B) A small population that has experienced genetic drift for a long period of time. (C) An agriculture crop that has been selected for high yield for hundreds of years. (D) All of the above (E) None of the above 3. What is the Muller’s ratchet? (A) It was an instrument invented by Hermann Muller in 1960 s to study the effect of linkage disequilibrium in the population. (B) The Muller's ratchet belongs to a group of models explaining the evolution of genetic drift and genetic recombination. (C) It is impossible for the "ratchet" to turn backward because once an allele has been selected to fixation there is no turning back in allele frequency. (D) The inexorable forward turning of the ratchet is used as a metaphor to describe the inevitable accumulation of deleterious mutations in asexual populations. (E) One of the evolutionary forces that has been invoked to have the ability to break the ratcheting effect is gene flow between individuals from various populations. You have conducted a genetic survey of an endangered endemic population with a total of 20 individuals on a remote island with virtually no migration from other populations. The trait you are interested in is controlled by the gene S , a single locus responsible for the spotted pattern, with the SS individuals being highly spotted, the Ss individuals less so, and the ss individuals having no spot. At the beginning of your survey, you found the alleles frequencies for the S and s **alleles are the same in the population. As far as you know, the spotted pattern does not seem to contribute to reproductive success or increased chance of survival, and the mating seems to be random. Given the information above, please answer Questions 4 and 5.

  1. What would be the number of the** Ss individuals in the next generation? (A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 20 (E) All are possible 5. Given long enough time, how many Ss individuals would you find in this population? (A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 20 (E) All are likely

X

6. Which of the following statements about sexual selection is correct? (A) In general, a male’s reproductive success is related his access to mates. (B) When males provide the only parental care, we would expect that females would mate with as many males as possible to obscure paternity among males. (C) When males provide the only parental care, we would expect to observe female-female competition to get access to males. (D) A & B only (E) A & C only 7. You work in a consulting firm and are tasked to design a conservation area for an endangered species X. You consulted various experts on the best way to proceed. Which of the following suggestions is likely to achieve the goal of preserving the endangered species X? (A) If it is an option, it would be better to divide the area up into several small sites, rather than having a single contiguous zone. This is because several small sites can house more individuals than one single site with the same overall area. (B) If the allocated sites are not contiguous, then it would be better to implement corridors connecting each site so that individuals can move freely among sites. (C) If possible, it would be better to have the sex ratio of individuals in the population to be skewed toward females, so that more individuals can breed for the next generation. (D) All of the above issues need to be considered. (E) None of the above issues needs to be concerned. 8. Why do traits that are the most closely related to fitness often have the lowest heritability? (A) Those traits closely related to survival may be under very strong directional selection. (B) Several genes may influence those traits that are closely linked to survival. (C) Heterozygotes for those traits may have an adaptive advantage over homozygotes for the same trait. (D) All of the above. (E) None of the above. **On the right is a hypothetical pedigree. Please answer Questions 9 and 10.

  1. What is the inbreeding coefficient for individual X, if the gene we are interested in is located on the autosomes? (A)** 0 (B) 1 / 16 (C) 1 / 32 (D) 1 / 64 (E) 1 / 128 10. What is the inbreeding coefficient for individual X, if the gene we are interested in is located on the Y chromosome? (A) 0 (B) 1 / 16 (C) 1 / 32 (D) 1 / 64 (E) 1 / 128 11. One example of a preadaptation that we discussed in class is: (A) the three bones that make of mammalian ear. (B) the large fruits of many tropical trees. (C) the dark bands on the wings of tephrid flies belonging to Zonosemata vittigera.

17. According to the neutral theory of molecular evolution, which of the following statements is correct? (A) The foundation of the theory is derived from how mutation and natural selection would create sequence diversity in a population. (B) The term "neutral" describes the prediction that a functionally highly constrained gene and a functionally less constrained gene would evolve at the same rate, thus neutral. (C) According to this theory, the population size would have great influence on how fast a gene can evolve, with the gene in a large population evolving slower because it takes a long time for the allele to reach fixation. (D) All of the above (E) None of the above 18. Which of the types of genes are likely be subjected to the phenomenon of codon bias? (A) The genes that are highly expressed. (B) The pseudogenes (C) The genes that encode enzymes for the essential steps in metabolism. (D) All are likely (E) None is likely 19. Which of the following statements about migration is correct? (A) In evolutionary biology, migration usually means the movement of individuals from one location to another. (B) In the long run, migration would increase genetic diversity of a given population by bringing in different alleles from other population. (C) In the example of Greater Prairie Chicken (GPC), the GPC sanctuaries in the state of Illinois can be seen as islands surrounded by a "sea" of corn fields. (D) All of the above are correct. (E) None of the above is correct. 20. Dengue virus, belonging to the arbovirus group, is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes dengue hemorrhagic fever. Several strains of dengue virus in the field were collected and genomes sequenced. On the right is the result of one of such studies, showing the dN / dS ratio test on each viral genes. Which of the following conclusions is likely to be correct? (A) The capsid gene is likely to be under positive selection. (B) The NS2A gene is likely to be under positive selection. (C) The NS1 gene is likely under purifying selection. (D) All of the above are correct. (E) None of the above is correct. 21. Which of the following statements about the evolution and advantage of sex is correct? (A) According to John Maynard Smith’s model, if all else being equal, the sexual females in the population will have advantage over asexual females, because sexual males can usually inseminate more than one female. (B) The importance of sex is mainly manifested in the form of genetic recombination. (C) The main purpose of sex is to increase linkage disequilibrium in the population so that "good" combinations of alleles from different loci can be maintained by natural selection. (D) All of the above are correct. (E) None of the above is correct.

22. The top speed a thoroughbred horse can sustain for 30 seconds is strongly correlated with the horse’s lifetime earnings in races. Clearly, people have been trying to breed faster horses for generations. You decided to try your luck at breeding faster horses since you recently discovered in Evolution class that running speed in horses has a heritability value of 0. 3. You clocked the top speed of several parents and their offspring at your farm. After your first attempt to breed faster horses, your horses had an average top speed of 45 mph and a maximum top speed of 48 mph. What is the expected increase in the top speed of your next generation of horses if you allow only those who can attain the top speed of 48 mph to breed? (A) 0. 1 mph (B) 0. 9 mph (C) 3. 3 mph (D) 10. 0 mph 23. You are traveling in the New England area, visiting many small family farms. Which of the following farms you should be least concerned about the effect of genetic drift? (A) The farm with 5 bulls and 45 cows. (B) The farm with 10 bulls and 40 cows. (C) The farm with 20 bulls and 20 cows. (D) The farm with 25 bulls and 15 cows. (E) None of the farm should be concerned. 24. Which of the following statements about quantitative trait loci (QTL) is correct? (A) QTL are genes involved in the expression of a quantitative trait. (B) The logic of QTL mapping is to use many genetic markers to correlate with the phenotypic trait. (C) Recombination between the QTL and the genetic marker can sometimes blur the tight correlation between the genetic marker and the phenotypic trait. (D) All of the above (E) A & B only 25. In their study regarding the function of wing markings in the tephrid fly ( Zonosemata vittigera ) in deterring predators, Eric Greene and his colleagues found that the wing markings and wing-waving in this species: (A) confers no selective advantage in predation avoidance. (B) confers no selective advantage in predation avoidance. (C) mimics jumping spiders to intimidate other jumping spiders, thus avoiding predation by them. (D) Markings and wing-waving are used for courtship, not predation avoidance. (E) mimics jumping spiders to avoid other predators. **Answers:

  1. A, 2. D, 3. D, 4. E, 5. A
  2. E, 7. B, 8. D, 9. C, 10. A
  3. A, 1 2. D, 13. C, 1 4. B, 15. C
  4. A, 1 7. E, 18. A, 1 9. C, 20. B
  5. B, 2 2. B, 23. C, 2 4. D, 25. C**