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Praxis Teaching Reading: Elementary (5205)
study guide
Elkonin Boxes CORRECT ANSWER used for phonemic awareness instruction. "sound boxes". Teacher uses one sound for each box and the students push a marker into one box and blend together the word. blank squares to be filled in. grapheme CORRECT ANSWER the written or printed representation of a phoneme morpheme CORRECT ANSWER in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning phoneme CORRECT ANSWER smallest unit of sound phonemic awareness CORRECT ANSWER ability to ID, isolate, and manipulate sounds phonological awareness CORRECT ANSWER knowledge of sounds and syllables and of the sound structure of words syllable CORRECT ANSWER vowel sound phoneme isolation CORRECT ANSWER recognize individual sounds in a word phoneme Identity CORRECT ANSWER recognize the same sounds in different words
phoneme blending CORRECT ANSWER hear individual sounds and blend them together to make a word phoneme segmentation CORRECT ANSWER hear a word and distinguish different sounds phoneme deletion CORRECT ANSWER recognize words within words phoneme substitution CORRECT ANSWER substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word prelinguistic stage of language development CORRECT ANSWER 1st 12 months baby makes noises and gestures to communicate holophrastic stage of language development CORRECT ANSWER 10-12 months kid begin to use one-word communication two-word stage of language development CORRECT ANSWER 20 months telegraphic stage of language development CORRECT ANSWER 2 1/2 - 3 years, shortened speech intermediate stage of language development CORRECT ANSWER usually in place by 5 years--simple sentences ~5k words adult stage of language development CORRECT ANSWER speech is refined strategies for developing listening/speaking skills CORRECT ANSWER -model
systemic phonics CORRECT ANSWER teaching phonic from part to whole, letter sound to word word family CORRECT ANSWER a group of words w/same spelling pattern CVC CORRECT ANSWER short vowel CVCe CORRECT ANSWER long vowel closed syllable (VC) CORRECT ANSWER vowels at onset are usually short open syllable (CV) CORRECT ANSWER vowels at end are usually long CVVC CORRECT ANSWER vowel says its name (first one) r control CORRECT ANSWER r after a vowel changes sound of vowel "bossy r" CORRECT ANSWER activity for teaching r control patterns inventive spelling CORRECT ANSWER -allows kids to focus on content, not mechanics -tool to assess phonics skills and gaps -look at what patterns they understand and what they need to learn techniques for teaching automatic word recognition CORRECT ANSWER - predictable and decodable books
-point out target words -identify and model sight words -use repeated reading -word wall -bingo letter manipulation (phonics skills) CORRECT ANSWER give students a group of letters, have them form words and notice how different combos change vowel sound chunking (phonics skills) CORRECT ANSWER students read parts of words analogy strategy (phonics skills) CORRECT ANSWER compare one word to another using onset and rime cueing system CORRECT ANSWER cue that readers use to figure out new words making word families (teaching word analysis) CORRECT ANSWER teacher at letter level; working with spelling patterns free word sorts (teaching word analysis) CORRECT ANSWER students are given a group of words and they have to sort them into categories however they want guided word sorts (teaching word analysis) CORRECT ANSWER students are given a group of words and they have to sort them into categories as dictated by the teacher
syllabication CORRECT ANSWER dividing words into syllables teaching structural analysis CORRECT ANSWER -meaning of roots, bases, affixes -discuss words while reading -explicitly show how affixes change meaning -word tree--build from root word fluency: accuracy CORRECT ANSWER % of words correct fluency: error CORRECT ANSWER misread word fluency: prosody CORRECT ANSWER expression and intonation in oral reading fluency: rate CORRECT ANSWER speed of reading fluency: average yearly increase is... CORRECT ANSWER 25-30 wpm per year fluency: activities CORRECT ANSWER -word sorts -echo reading -reader's theater -choral reading -wide reading and rereading -recorded reading -timed reading
-computer assisted reading semantic errors in fluency reading CORRECT ANSWER -context cue: using known words to ID unknown words -substituting synonyms -omission (meaning change vs. no meaning change) -self monitoring syntax errors in fluency reading CORRECT ANSWER "the bird fly away" vs "the bird flew away" -usually well known by age 5 instructional reading level CORRECT ANSWER 90-94% frustration reading level CORRECT ANSWER 89% or below independent reading level CORRECT ANSWER 95-100% interactive model of reading CORRECT ANSWER reader comes to text w/prior knowledge and concepts that allow them to construct meaning schema CORRECT ANSWER thinking in general categories transactional theory of reading CORRECT ANSWER resenblatt: transaction b/w reader and text--reader constructs meaning through background knowledge and personal notions, making each reader's understanding of text unique
repetitive rhyme (predictive books) CORRECT ANSWER rhyme, rhythm or refrain books for early readers (1-2 grades) CORRECT ANSWER -less repetition and more practice w/cueing system (pictures) -should include vocab that can be decoded using semantic and context books for transitional/developing readers (2-3 grade) CORRECT ANSWER -just right difficulty -practice word attack strategies as they read shared reading CORRECT ANSWER teacher reads book and points to words while reading. story is reread and children participate computer assisted reading CORRECT ANSWER interactive reading on computer echo reading CORRECT ANSWER teacher reads line, students echo choral reading CORRECT ANSWER read aloud together partner reading CORRECT ANSWER taking turns reading aloud sustained silent reading CORRECT ANSWER students read, discussion after reading comprehension strategies for fiction CORRECT ANSWER -set a purpose -activate prior knowledge
-build background knowledge -preteach vocab -make predictions -visualize -question -clarify -summarize -synthesize -make connections (text-self, text-text, text-world) -infer -picture wall reading comprehension strategies for non-fiction CORRECT ANSWER -kwl -preview material -determine author's purpose -ID text type -ID text structure -content area vocab close reading CORRECT ANSWER the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of a text prephonemic stage of writing CORRECT ANSWER pretends to write by scribbling
transitional stage of spelling CORRECT ANSWER a child knows most of the orthographic patterns of English. Mistakes frequently occur with sounds that have several spellings. Teach lessons on morphology and etymology of words and alternative spellings of the same sounds. correct/conventional stage of spelling CORRECT ANSWER some errors w/unfamiliar words
