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Prefix-Suffix-Root List by Grade Level 2010-
The following lists are not all-inclusive, but most common. They are a minimum students at each grade level should read and understand how to use
and apply by the current school year end. Others may be added based on your classroom of students.
Prefix - A word part added to the beginning of a root or base word to create a new meaning,
Suffix - A letter or a group of letters added to the end of a root or base word to change its meaning,
Root - the form of a word after all affixes are removed
(Generally, prefixes and suffixes change the meanings of roots, but it is usually the suffix that denotes the part of speech.)
Incorporate prefix, suffix, and roots into working with words study.
1 st^ Grade
Prefix Suffix Definition Examples Origin Additional
Information
- s, - es plural, more than one hats, pigs, books, plays, boxes, wishes, dishes cliffs, roofs, beliefs knives, leaves, halves, selves Anglo-Saxon y after a vowel (s) words end in – s, - sh, - ch, - x, - z (-es) nouns ending – f or – fe (s) - f or – fe change – f to – v and add – es consonant followed by – o (-es) vowel followed by – o (-s)
- ing action/process helping, skipping, running, seeing, thinking Anglo-Saxon Present participle of verb
- ed past tense jumped, helped Anglo-Saxon Past tense verb
Incorporate prefix, suffix, and roots into working with words study.
2 nd^ Grade
Prefix Suffix Definition Examples Origin Additional
Information
un- not/opposite unlock, unsafe, uncover Anglo-Saxon re- again/back reread, rewrite, return Latin
- er person connected with, comparative degree teacher, writer, baker, bigger, colder, taller Anglo-Saxon
- est superlative degree biggest, coldest, tallest Anglo-Saxon Usually an adjective
- ful full of beautiful, painful Anglo-Saxon Usually an adjective
- less without careless, helpless Anglo-Saxon
Incorporate prefix, suffix, and roots into working with words study.
3 rd^ Grade
Prefix Suffix Root Definition Examples Origin Additional
Information
in- not inactive, income Latin im- not impossible, improper, import Latin im- used before roots beginning with b, m, p dis- not/opposite of dislike, distrust, disagree Latin pre- before pretest, preplan, premade Latin tele- far, distant telephone, telegraph, television Greek
- ies plural, more than one parties, babies, cries Anglo-Saxon y after a consonant
- ied past tense cried, tried, Anglo-Saxon y after a consonant
- ed past tense stopping, hopping Anglo-Saxon doubling (CVC)
- ing action/process stopped, hopped Anglo-Saxon doubling (CVC)
- ly characteristic of badly, friendly, quickly Anglo-Saxon Usually an adverb
- y characterized by/like cloudy, fishy Anglo-Saxon bio life biology, biography, biopsy Greek graph write telegraph, photograph, phonograph, autograph Greek phon sound phonograph, symphony, telephone, microphone, phonics Greek scope see microscope, telescope, periscope, stethoscope Greek
Incorporate prefix, suffix, and roots into working with words study.
5th Grade
Prefix Suffix Root Definition Examples Origin Additional
Information
en-, em- to cause to be, to put into or onto, to go into or onto encounter, enable, employ, embark, encircle Latin sub- under, beneath, below secondary subway, subsoil, substitute Latin fore- before, earlier forearm, foreword Anglo-Saxon semi- half semicircle, semicolon Latin anti- opposite, against antibiotic, antifreeze Greek auto- self autograph, automatic Greek multi- many/ much multicolor, multifamily Latin poly- many/ much polygon, polysyllable Greek deca- deci- ten decathlon, decade, decimal, decimeter Latin/ Greek kilo- 1,000 kilogram, kilowatt Greek milli- mille- 1,000 millennium, millimeter Latin centi- 100 centimeter, centipede Latin
- ion, - tion, - ation, - ition act of/ state of/ result of tension, attention, elevation, union Anglo-Saxon Usually a noun The real suffix is – ion. Putting s or t in front of – ion is simply determined by the spelling of the root - able - ible can be done enjoyable, sensible, likable Latin - able ending words have roots that can stand alone.(enjoyable) - ible ending words have roots that can not stand alone. (sensible)
- ive
- ative
- tive inclined/ tending toward an action festive, talkative, active, sensitive Latin Words that end with – de (intrude) change the – de to s then add – ive (intrusive). Words that end with silent e (create) drop the e then add – ive (creative).
- logy,
- ology science of/ study of biology, chronology Greek
- ence
- ance act/ condition of persistence, excellence, assistance, importance Latin Usually a noun – ence and – ance sound alike because of the schwa. – ence is used somewhat more often than – ance.
- an, - an one having a certain skill/ relating to/ belonging to electrician, magician, American, suburban Latin Usually a noun ject to throw inject, objection, project Latin struct to build construct, instructor Latin
vis to see vision, evidence Latin vid see video, evidence, provide, providence Latin jur juris judge, oath law jury, jurisdiction Latin log logue word prologue, apology, dialogue, eulogy, monologue Greek path feeling/ suffering/ disease apathetic, pathology Greek ast astr star astronaut, astronomy, disaster, asterisk Greek mit to send emit, transmit, admit, remit Latin audi (aud) hear audience, auditorium, audiovisual Latin dict to say, tell diction, dictator Latin
7 th^ Grade (Please review affixes and roots from prior grades)
Prefix Suffix Root Definition Examples Origin Additional Information
Ante- in front of/ before Antecedent, antebellum Latin Fun information – antepenultimate means next to the next to the last… this word can usually be found on the SAT. Ab- from/away absent, absorb, abnormal Latin a- on/ in/ to across, abroad aside Anglo-Saxon/ Latin a- without/ not atypical, amoral, asocial Anglo-Saxon/ Latin co-, con-, com- together/ with cooperate concede, combine Latin Concrete – meaning to harden or to grow together pro- forward/ before/ in support of proceed, pronoun, prohibit Latin/ Greek Some words with pro- as a prefix are often hyphenated, so to be sure to check the dictionary.
intra- within intranet, intramural Latin mega- great/ huge megabyte, megaphone Greek post- after/ following postpone, postwar Latin
_- ous,
- ious,
- eous_ full of/ characterized by adventurous, nervous, mysterious, courteous Latin Usually an adjective _- ive,
- itive,
- ative_ inclined/ tending toward an action festive, talkative, active sensitive Latin Words that end with - de (intrude) change the – de to s then add - ive (intrusive). Words that end with silent e (create) drop the e then add – ive (creative). - ic relating to/ characterized by energetic, historic Latin/ Greek Usually an adjective - ize to make/ to cause to become fertilize, criticize, apologize Latin/ Greek Usually a verb - fy, - ify to make satisfy, magnify Latin Usually a verb - age result of an action/ collection manage, drainage, acreage Latin - some characterized by a specified quality, condition, or action awesome, lonesome Anglo-Saxon Primarily used with Anglo-Saxon base words. Chron time chronology, Greek
pedestrian, tripod ped child pediatrician Greek urb city urban, suburban Latin Exurb: a modern word meaning large cities that directly surround a major city (Arlington is an exurb of Dallas.) pop people population, popular Latin tract to draw/ pull attract, distract, retract Latin form to shape conform, reform, transform Latin pend to hang/ weigh suspend, pendulum Latin
8 th^ Grade ( please review affixes and roots from prior grades)
Prefix Suffix Root Definition Examples Origin Additional
Information
hyper over/ above/ excessive hyperactive, hypercritical Greek hypo-, hyp- below/ less than normal hypothermia, hypnosis Greek omni- all omnipresent, omniscient Latin homo- same homogeneous, homonym Latin hetero- different/ other heterochromatic, heterogeneous Greek Heteronyms: words with the same spelling, but different meanings (dove – the bird;
dove – did dive) ultra beyond in degree/ extreme ultramarine, ultraviolet Latin
- cide kill germicide, pesticide Latin Usually a noun - ery relating to/ quality/ place where imagery, pottery, bakery Anglo-Saxon Usually a noun - ary relating to/ place where/ one who dictionary, infirmary, cautionary, dietary, missionary Latin Noun/ adjective - ium chemical element/ group helium, aquarium Greek Usually a noun - tude condition/ state/ quality of altitude, gratitude Latin Usually a noun aud to hear/ listen audible, audition Latin cred to believe credit, incredible Latin archae, arche, archi primitive/ ancient archaeologist, archives, achetype Greek belli war belligerent, bellicose Latin claim, clam to declare/ call out/ cry out exclaim, clamorous Latin crat, cracy rule/ strength/ power democrat, aristocracy Greek hemo, hema blood hematology, hemophilia Greek luna moon lunar, lunatic Latin mar sea maritime. submarine Latin
desire/ obsession nate, nat born native, innate Latin neg no/ deny negative, negate Latin neo new neonatal Greek nov new novice Latin phys nature physics, physical Greek psych mind/ soul psychic, psychopath Greek reg guide/ rule regime, regent Latin sci to know/ learn science, conscience Latin sol alone solitary, soliloquy Latin tact, tang to touch contact, tangible Latin terr land terrain, territory Latin vac empty vacate, evacuate Latin ver, very true, genuine verdict, veritable Latin
Ebbers, Susan M. Vocabulary Through Morphemes. Longmont, CO: Sopris West. 2003.
Henry, Marcia K. Unlocking Literacy. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. 2003
Terban, Marvin. Building Your Vocabulary. New York: Scholastic Inc. 2002
The American Heritage High School Dictionary. Forth Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 2002
Affix Matrix re de con struct s ed ing de in ob sub super infra ive ly or s ion s ism ist ure s ed ing al ly
Add one or more of the above affixes to the root struct. Example: destructively (Try to create at least 60 words.)
