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Question 1. Under the ADAAA, which of the following best describes the definition of “disability”? A) A physical or mental impairment that is temporary and minor. B) Any impairment that limits a major life activity, regardless of severity. C) An impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. D) Only impairments that require the use of assistive devices. Answer: C Explanation: The ADAAA broadens the definition to include impairments that substantially limit a major life activity, even if the limitation is episodic or in the future. Question 2. Which of the following is NOT considered a “major life activity” under the ADA? A) Sleeping B) Reading C) Eating D) Watching television Answer: D Explanation: The ADA lists sleeping, reading, and eating as major life activities; watching television is not included. Question 3. A “qualified individual with a disability” must: A) Be able to perform the essential functions of a job with or without a reasonable accommodation. B) Have a disability that is visible. C) Have a disability that is permanent. D) Be able to perform all job duties without any accommodation. Answer: A
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Explanation: The individual must be able to perform essential job functions, with reasonable accommodation if needed. Question 4. The ADA’s prohibition of discrimination is most closely related to which of the following federal statutes? A) The Fair Labor Standards Act B) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act C) The National Labor Relations Act D) The Family and Medical Leave Act Answer: B Explanation: Both the ADA and Section 504 prohibit discrimination based on disability. Question 5. Which of the following actions would be considered retaliation under the ADA? A) Denying a promotion to an employee who filed a disability discrimination complaint. B) Offering a higher salary to a qualified individual with a disability. C) Providing a reasonable accommodation without asking for it. D) Allowing an employee to work from home voluntarily. Answer: A Explanation: Retaliation includes adverse actions against individuals who assert their ADA rights. Question 6. Under the ADA, the use of illegal drugs is: A) A protected activity. B) A permissible reason for denying employment. C) Irrelevant to ADA compliance. D) A factor that must be considered when providing accommodations. Answer: B
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Explanation: Modifications that fundamentally alter the nature of a service are not required. Question 10. “Effective communication” under the ADA primarily requires: A) Providing written notices in English only. B) Offering auxiliary aids and services to individuals with hearing, vision, or speech disabilities. C) Installing loudspeakers in all public buildings. D) Translating all documents into multiple languages. Answer: B Explanation: Effective communication involves providing appropriate auxiliary aids, such as sign language interpreters or captioning. Question 11. Which of the following is true regarding new construction under Title II? A) Existing facilities are exempt from any accessibility requirements. B) New construction must comply with the ADA Standards for Accessible Design (ADASAD). C) Only the exterior of a building must be accessible. D) New construction can ignore accessibility if it is a temporary structure. Answer: B Explanation: All new construction and alterations must meet ADASAD requirements. Question 12. The ADA’s web accessibility regulations require: A. All public entity websites to be fully accessible to screen readers. B. Only government-owned websites to provide captions on videos. C. No specific requirements, as the ADA does not cover digital content. D. Websites to be accessible only upon request. Answer: A
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Explanation: Updated regulations require that public entity websites be accessible, including compatibility with screen readers. Question 13. Which of the following is NOT one of the 12 categories of places of public accommodation under Title III? A) Hotels and motels B) Private clubs that are not open to the public C) Restaurants and bars D) Cinemas and theaters Answer: B Explanation: Private clubs that are not open to the public are excluded from Title III coverage. Question 14. Under Title III, a “readily achievable” barrier removal must be: A) Completed within 30 days. B) Accomplished without much difficulty or expense. C) Approved by the Department of Justice before implementation. D) Limited to structural changes only. Answer: B Explanation: “Readily achievable” means the removal can be done without significant difficulty or expense. Question 15. A restaurant that refuses to allow a service animal because it is a pet, not a “service animal,” is: A) Compliant with the ADA. B) Violating the ADA’s service-animal provision. C) Allowed to do so if the animal is not on a leash. D) Permitted if the animal is larger than 30 lb. Answer: B
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Explanation: Religious entities are exempt from Title III, but a private place of public accommodation cannot refuse a legitimate service animal based solely on its status. Question 19. Under the ADA, “undue burden” is defined as: A) Any accommodation that costs more than $5,000. B) A significant difficulty or expense relative to the entity’s size and resources. C) An accommodation that requires structural changes. D) Any accommodation that requires staff training. Answer: B Explanation: Undue burden is measured by the entity’s overall financial resources, the nature of its operation, and the impact of the accommodation. Question 20. The Department of Justice (DOJ) is primarily responsible for: A. Prosecuting criminal violations of the ADA. B. Enforcing the ADA through investigations, technical assistance, and litigation. C. Providing monetary damages to private plaintiffs. D. Overseeing state labor boards. Answer: B Explanation: The DOJ enforces the ADA by investigating complaints, providing guidance, and filing lawsuits. Question 21. In a private-sector employment discrimination case under Title I, which remedy is NOT available? A. Injunctive relief B. Compensatory damages for emotional distress C. Reinstatement to former position D. Monetary damages for lost wages Answer: B
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Explanation: While compensatory damages for emotional distress may be available, they are limited and not automatically granted; however, the ADA does allow for monetary damages for lost wages, reinstatement, and injunctive relief. Question 22. Which of the following statements about the “fundamental alteration” defense is correct? A) It applies only to physical modifications. B) It permits denial of an accommodation if the modification would change the essential nature of the service. C) It is the same as the “undue burden” defense. D) It can be invoked only by private employers. Answer: B Explanation: Fundamental alteration means the accommodation would significantly change the core nature of the program or service. Question 23. A public library must provide which of the following to a patron who is deaf? A) Only written copies of all audio materials. B) Sign language interpreters for every program. C) Captioned videos and assistive listening devices when feasible. D. No accommodations, as libraries are not covered by the ADA. Answer: C Explanation: Effective communication requires providing captioning and assistive listening devices where readily achievable. Question 24. Under Title III, a “commercial facility” is defined as: A) Any building owned by a for-profit corporation. B) A facility that provides goods or services to the public and is not a place of public accommodation. C) Any retail store, regardless of size.
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C. A financial audit of all departmental budgets. D. Identification of barriers that can be removed. Answer: C Explanation: Financial audits are not mandated by the ADA’s self-evaluation requirements. Question 28. A private school that receives no federal funding is: A) Covered by Title II. B) Covered by Title III. C) Not covered by the ADA at all. D) Covered only if it has more than 50 students. Answer: B Explanation: Private schools are places of public accommodation under Title III, regardless of federal funding. Question 29. Which of the following would most likely be considered a “readily achievable” barrier removal in a small retail store? A) Installing a new elevator. B) Adding a portable ramp at the entrance. C) Reconstructing the entire storefront. D) Widening all interior aisles to 5 feet. Answer: B Explanation: A portable ramp is a low-cost, easy-to-implement modification. Question 30. Under the ADA, an employer may deny a request for a personal attendant as a reasonable accommodation because: A) Personal attendants are never considered reasonable. B) The attendant would be a direct threat to other employees.
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C) The attendant is not a “service animal” and the employer is not required to provide personal care services. D) The employee’s disability is not covered by the ADA. Answer: C Explanation: The ADA does not require employers to provide personal assistants or caregivers. Question 31. The “undue burden” analysis must consider: A) The entity’s total revenue and profit margin. B) Only the cost of the accommodation. C) The entity’s size, financial resources, and the impact of the accommodation on operations. D) The number of employees who will be affected. Answer: C Explanation: Courts assess undue burden based on overall resources and operational impact, not just raw cost. Question 32. A city transit agency implements a “stop-request” button on its buses for riders with mobility impairments. This is an example of: A) A structural alteration required under Title II. B) A reasonable modification of policies and practices. C) A direct threat to the agency’s safety. D) An undue burden. Answer: B Explanation: Adding a stop-request button modifies the agency’s practices to improve accessibility. Question 33. Which of the following statements about “effective communication” for individuals who are blind is correct? A) Providing large-print documents is sufficient.
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B) Title II – Public Services C) Title III – Public Accommodations D) Title V – Miscellaneous Provisions Answer: C Explanation: Dental offices are places of public accommodation under Title III. Question 37. Which defense is most applicable when an employer cannot afford to install a wheelchair ramp because of limited financial resources? A) Direct threat B) Fundamental alteration C) Undue burden D) Reasonable accommodation Answer: C Explanation: Undue burden addresses financial limitations that make a modification excessively costly. Question 38. The ADA’s “substantially limits” standard requires a comparison of the individual’s impairment to: A) The average person without a disability. B) The individual’s prior level of functioning before the impairment. C) The impairment’s effect on major life activities, regardless of severity. D) The impairment’s impact on the ability to work. Answer: C Explanation: “Substantially limits” focuses on the effect on major life activities, not comparative ability to work. Question 39. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between the ADA and the Rehabilitation Act? A) The ADA applies only to private entities, while the Rehabilitation Act applies only to public entities.
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B) The ADA supersedes the Rehabilitation Act in all cases. C) Both statutes prohibit disability discrimination, but the Rehabilitation Act applies to programs receiving federal funding. D) The Rehabilitation Act provides broader protections than the ADA. Answer: C Explanation: The Rehabilitation Act applies to federally funded programs, while the ADA covers a broader range of entities. Question 40. A restaurant’s reservation system that does not allow users with visual impairments to complete online bookings is a violation of: A) Title II – Public Services B) Title III – Public Accommodations (Web Accessibility) C) Title I – Employment D) Title V – Miscellaneous Provisions Answer: B Explanation: The ADA’s web accessibility requirements apply to public accommodations, requiring accessible online reservation systems. Question 41. Under the ADA, “auxiliary aids” do not include which of the following? A) Real-time captioning B) Sign-language interpreters C) Large-print materials D) Personal protective equipment Answer: D Explanation: Personal protective equipment is not an auxiliary aid for communication. Question 42. A state agency’s policy that requires all employees to pass a drug test before receiving a reasonable accommodation is:
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A) An employee who poses a threat to coworkers due to a disability. B) A situation where an accommodation would cause a safety risk that cannot be mitigated. C) Any request that would require structural changes. D) A request that would cost more than 5% of the entity’s annual budget. Answer: B Explanation: Direct threat focuses on safety risks that cannot be eliminated through reasonable accommodation. Question 46. A private gym that refuses to allow a service animal in its weight-lifting area is: A) Allowed because the area is a “non-public” space. B) Violating the ADA because the entire facility is a place of public accommodation. C) Permitted if the animal is leashed. D) Exempt if the gym has fewer than 10 members. Answer: B Explanation: Service animals must be allowed in all areas of a public accommodation unless a direct threat is demonstrated. Question 47. The “fundamental alteration” defense cannot be invoked when: A) The requested accommodation would require minor procedural changes. B) The accommodation would require a structural renovation. C) The accommodation would affect the core mission of the entity. D) The accommodation would cause a direct threat. Answer: A Explanation: Minor procedural changes are not considered fundamental alterations. Question 48. Under Title III, a “readily achievable” barrier removal must be completed:
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A) Within 90 days of the request. B) As soon as it is feasible, given the entity’s resources. C) Only after a court order. D) Only if the barrier is a structural element. Answer: B Explanation: Readily achievable removals must be undertaken promptly, based on feasibility and resources. Question 49. Which of the following is NOT a protected class under the ADA? A) Individuals with a mental impairment. B) Individuals with a history of a disability that is now cured. C) Individuals who are “regarded as” having a disability. D) Individuals who have a temporary injury lasting less than three days. Answer: D Explanation: Temporary, short-term impairments that do not substantially limit major life activities are not protected. Question 50. A city’s public park that installs tactile paving at crosswalks to aid individuals who are blind is complying with which ADA requirement? A) Effective communication B) Reasonable modification of policies C) Barrier removal in existing facilities D) Undue burden defense Answer: C Explanation: Installing tactile paving removes a barrier and improves accessibility. Question 51. Which of the following best illustrates a “reasonable accommodation” for an employee with a visual impairment? A) Providing a private office.
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A) Title II – Existing facilities only. B) Title II – New construction standards. C) Title III – Readily achievable barrier removal. D) Title I – Employment. Answer: B Explanation: New construction must meet ADASAD standards under Title II. Question 55. Under the ADA, “major bodily functions” include: A) Reading comprehension B) Reproduction C) Social interaction D) Personal hygiene Answer: B Explanation: The ADA lists major bodily functions such as reproduction, immune system, and normal cell growth. Question 56. A private retailer that refuses to provide a sign-language interpreter for a deaf customer’s in-store consultation is: A) Allowed under the “undue burden” defense. B) Violating the ADA’s effective communication requirement. C) Permitted because the retailer is a private business. D) Exempt if the interpreter’s fee exceeds $500. Answer: B Explanation: Providing an interpreter is a reasonable accommodation for effective communication. Question 57. Which of the following best describes the “undue burden” defense in the context of web accessibility? A) The website can be inaccessible if it costs more than $10,000 to fix.
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B) The website must be fully accessible regardless of cost. C) The defense applies if the cost of remediation is disproportionate to the entity’s resources. D) Undue burden does not apply to digital platforms. Answer: C Explanation: Courts evaluate undue burden based on the entity’s overall resources and the proportionality of the cost. Question 58. A public transit agency that requires a rider with a disability to provide a medical certification before providing a paratransit service is: A) Compliant with the ADA. B) Potentially violating the ADA’s prohibition on unnecessary documentation. C) Allowed if the rider’s disability is not obvious. D) Required to do so under Title II regulations. Answer: B Explanation: The ADA limits the use of medical documentation to only what is necessary for the accommodation. Question 59. Which of the following is an example of a “policy” change required under Title III? A) Installing a wheelchair ramp. B) Revising a restaurant’s no-pet rule to allow service animals. C) Adding a new elevator. D) Repainting walls for better contrast. Answer: B Explanation: Changing a policy to permit service animals is a required modification. Question 60. A private school that denies a student with a disability access to an extracurricular activity because the activity is “physically demanding” is: A) Acting within its rights.
