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Question 1. Which phase of the V-Model directly precedes System Testing? A) Unit Testing B) Integration Testing C) Acceptance Testing D) Requirement Analysis Answer: B Explanation: In the V-Model, Integration Testing validates interfaces between components; System Testing follows to verify the complete integrated system against end-to-end requirements. Question 2. What is the primary purpose of entry criteria for system testing? A) To define the test case design technique B) To determine when the system is ready for test execution C) To specify the expected defect density D) To outline the user acceptance test schedule Answer: B Explanation: Entry criteria establish the technical readiness (e.g., build stability, test environment availability) required before system testing can commence. Question 3. Which of the following is a characteristic of black-box testing? A) Requires knowledge of source code B) Focuses on internal algorithm efficiency C) Tests based solely on functional specifications D) Uses statement coverage metrics Answer: C Explanation: Black-box testing derives test cases from functional requirements without considering internal implementation details.
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**Question 4. In Boundary Value Analysis (BVA), which values are typically selected? ** A) Random numbers within the domain B) Minimum, maximum, and just outside the limits C) Only the average of the range D) Values that are multiples of ten Answer: B Explanation: BVA tests the edges of input domains (minimum, just below minimum, maximum, just above maximum) because many defects occur at boundaries. Question 5. A system test that validates the correct handling of a network outage belongs to which testing type? A) Performance testing B) Security testing C) Error handling and recovery testing D) Compatibility testing Answer: C Explanation: Error handling and recovery testing verifies that the system gracefully manages unexpected failures such as network loss. Question 6. Which metric is most appropriate for measuring system scalability during load testing? A) Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) B) Transactions per second (TPS) as user count increases C) Code coverage percentage D) Number of UI defects found Answer: B Explanation: Scalability is assessed by observing how throughput (e.g., TPS) changes as load (users, requests) grows.
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Question 10. Which of the following is a typical exit criterion for system testing? A) All test cases have been executed at least once B) No critical defects remain open and all high-severity defects are resolved or deferred with justification C) The code has been compiled without errors D) Unit test coverage reaches 80% Answer: B Explanation: Exit criteria focus on defect severity and risk; critical defects must be fixed, and high-severity defects must be addressed or formally deferred. Question 11. In a traceability matrix, a system test case is linked to which higher-level artifact? A) Source code file B) Functional requirement specification C) Test data generation script D) Build version number Answer: B Explanation: Traceability matrices map test cases back to the original requirements they validate, ensuring coverage. Question 12. Which of the following is a common cause of false-positive performance test results? A) Using realistic production data sizes B) Running tests on a heavily loaded shared server C) Setting think time too low D) Measuring only CPU utilization Answer: B
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Explanation: A shared, overloaded test server can introduce latency unrelated to the application, inflating response times and causing false alerts. Question 13. When performing usability testing, which standard is most often referenced for accessibility compliance? A) ISO 27001 B) WCAG 2. C) ITIL v D) CMMI Level 3 Answer: B Explanation: WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) provides criteria for making web interfaces accessible to users with disabilities. Question 14. Which defect classification best fits a problem that occurs only when a specific browser version is used? A) Code defect B) Integration defect C) Compatibility defect D) Data defect Answer: C Explanation: Compatibility defects arise from differences in browsers, OS, or hardware that affect system behavior. Question 15. In test data generation, data masking is primarily used to: A) Reduce the size of the test database B) Ensure test data is syntactically correct C) Protect sensitive production information while preserving data characteristics D) Randomize all values to increase test coverage Answer: C
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D. SonarQube Answer: C Explanation: Apache JMeter can generate high volumes of HTTP/HTTPS requests to assess performance and scalability. Question 19. A test case that validates the system’s behavior when a user enters a negative quantity for an order line is an example of: A. Positive testing B. Boundary value analysis C. Equivalence partitioning D. Error handling testing Answer: D Explanation: Supplying an invalid (negative) value tests the system’s error detection and recovery mechanisms. Question 20. Which of the following statements best describes “regression testing” in the context of system testing automation? A. Executing only new test cases after a release B. Re-running previously passed test suites to ensure existing functionality remains intact C. Testing only performance characteristics after code changes D. Verifying that documentation is up-to-date Answer: B Explanation: Regression testing re-executes existing test cases to confirm that recent changes have not introduced new defects. Question 21. In the context of system testing, “end-to-end business workflow” primarily validates: A. Individual class methods
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B. Data flow across multiple integrated modules to fulfill a user-centric scenario C. UI color schemes D. Unit test coverage percentages Answer: B Explanation: End-to-end testing follows a complete business process across all relevant components to ensure data integrity and proper sequencing. Question 22. Which of the following is a key advantage of using a continuous integration (CI) pipeline for system testing? A. Eliminates the need for test environment provisioning B. Guarantees zero defects in production C. Provides automated, repeatable execution of system tests on every code commit D. Replaces all manual exploratory testing Answer: C Explanation: CI pipelines can trigger automated system test suites on each build, ensuring early detection of integration issues. Question 23. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to report a high-severity defect that was missed by unit and integration testing? A. Log it as a “low” priority issue because it was found later B. Include it in the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to identify gaps in earlier test phases C. Close it without documentation to avoid stakeholder alarm D. Assign it to the UI team only Answer: B Explanation: RCA helps understand why the defect bypassed earlier testing, leading to process improvements. Question 24. A system test that measures response time while 10,000 concurrent users perform a transaction is classified as:
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Question 27. In a system test, the expected behavior is that an API returns HTTP 429 when rate limits are exceeded. Which type of testing validates this? A. Functional testing B. Load testing C. Security testing D. Usability testing Answer: A Explanation: Verifying that the API correctly returns the defined status code under a specific condition is functional testing. Question 28. Which of the following is a primary reason to mask production data before using it in system testing? A. To increase test execution speed B. To comply with data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) C. To reduce the number of test cases required D. To simplify database schema design Answer: B Explanation: Masking removes personally identifiable information, ensuring compliance with privacy laws while retaining realistic data characteristics. Question 29. Which defect type is most likely to be discovered during system testing rather than unit testing? A. Syntax error in a single method B. Incorrect data mapping between two services C. Null pointer exception in isolated code D. Missing import statement Answer: B Explanation: Integration issues such as data mapping errors become visible only when components interact, which is the focus of system testing.
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Question 30. A test case verifies that a user can recover a lost session after a server restart. This is an example of testing: A. Performance B. Recovery and error handling C. Usability D. Compatibility Answer: B Explanation: Recovery testing ensures the system can restore state after unexpected events like server restarts. Question 31. Which of the following best defines “test data generation” in the system testing lifecycle? A. Writing test scripts in a programming language B. Creating input datasets that reflect real-world usage patterns and volumes C. Recording video of test execution D. Deploying the application to production Answer: B Explanation: Test data generation produces realistic, appropriately sized data sets for exercising the system. Question 32. In a defect report, the “reproducibility” field is used to indicate: A. The severity level of the defect B. How often the defect can be consistently observed under the same conditions C. The number of developers assigned to fix the defect D. The date the defect was logged Answer: B Explanation: Reproducibility tells testers and developers whether the defect occurs every time, sometimes, or intermittently.
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Question 36. In performance testing, “think time” refers to: A. The time the server spends processing a request B. The delay inserted between simulated user actions to mimic real user pacing C. The time taken to generate test data D. The maximum response time allowed by SLA Answer: B Explanation: Think time models realistic pauses between user actions during load generation. Question 37. Which of the following best describes “exploratory testing” in the context of system testing? A. Executing pre-written test scripts only B. Simultaneously designing and executing tests based on tester intuition and system knowledge C. Automating all test cases with a script D. Testing only the UI layer Answer: B Explanation: Exploratory testing relies on the tester’s skill to discover defects without a fixed script. Question 38. A system test validates that a user cannot access a restricted page without proper authentication. Which testing type does this represent? A. Functional testing B. Security testing C. Compatibility testing D. Performance testing Answer: B Explanation: Verifying access control enforcement is a core security testing activity.
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Question 39. Which of the following is the most appropriate tool for automating API system tests? A. Selenium WebDriver B. Postman/Newman C. JUnit D. LoadRunner Answer: B Explanation: Postman (and its CLI runner Newman) is designed for creating, executing, and automating API tests. Question 40. When a defect is discovered that violates a regulatory compliance rule, the defect’s priority should be set to: A. Low B. Medium C. High D. No priority needed Answer: C Explanation: Compliance violations can have legal and financial consequences, thus they are treated as high-priority defects. Question 41. Which of the following best describes “test environment stability” as a challenge? A. Having too many test cases B. Frequent changes to the underlying hardware or configuration that cause flaky test results C. Lack of test data D. Insufficient documentation of requirements Answer: B
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Explanation: RCA seeks systemic improvements by uncovering why the defect was not detected earlier. Question 45. Which of the following is a typical component of a “test data management” strategy? A. Version control for source code only B. Automated generation of synthetic data and masking of production data C. Manual entry of test data for each test case D. Using the same database for both production and testing Answer: B Explanation: Effective test data management balances realistic data (synthetic or masked) while protecting sensitive information. Question 46. Which testing technique is most suitable for verifying that the system correctly processes the minimum and maximum allowed dates in a scheduling module? A. Equivalence partitioning B. Boundary value analysis C. State transition testing D. Decision table testing Answer: B Explanation: Boundary value analysis targets the edge cases of allowed date ranges. Question 47. A system test that checks whether the UI adapts correctly when the browser window is resized is an example of: A. Functional testing B. Compatibility testing C. Usability testing
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D. Performance testing Answer: C Explanation: Responsiveness to different viewports is a usability concern, ensuring a good user experience. Question 48. Which of the following best describes the relationship between system testing and user acceptance testing (UAT)? A. System testing is performed after UAT B. System testing validates technical requirements; UAT validates business acceptance C. Both are identical phases with the same objectives D. UAT replaces system testing when time is limited Answer: B Explanation: System testing focuses on technical correctness; UAT confirms that the system meets the end-user’s business needs. Question 49. When a test case fails because of a “timeout” error, which type of defect is most likely? A. Security defect B. Performance defect C. Usability defect D. Data defect Answer: B Explanation: Timeouts typically indicate performance or resource-availability issues under load. Question 50. Which of the following is considered a “critical” non-functional requirement for many e-commerce platforms? A. Ability to export reports in CSV format
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A. Compatibility B. Security C. Performance (specifically, scalability) D. Usability Answer: C Explanation: Handling large payloads tests the system’s ability to scale and manage resources under heavy load. Question 54. Which of the following is an example of a “negative test case” in system testing? A. Submitting a form with all required fields correctly filled B. Attempting to log in with an expired password C. Viewing a product detail page for an existing item D. Adding a product to the shopping cart with sufficient inventory Answer: B Explanation: Negative testing verifies that the system correctly handles invalid or erroneous inputs. Question 55. When documenting a defect, the “severity” attribute describes: A. The impact of the defect on system functionality B. How quickly the defect must be fixed C. The number of users affected D. The difficulty of reproducing the defect Answer: A Explanation: Severity reflects the technical impact (e.g., crash vs. cosmetic issue), while priority reflects business urgency. Question 56. Which of the following is a primary goal of “load testing” for a web-based API?
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A. To ensure the API returns a 200 OK for every request B. To verify the API can sustain the expected number of concurrent requests without degradation C. To check the API’s UI layout D. To test the API’s encryption algorithm Answer: B Explanation: Load testing measures the API’s ability to handle anticipated traffic volumes while maintaining performance. Question 57. In system testing, a “test harness” typically provides: A. A set of UI mockups for designers B. The infrastructure to execute test cases and capture results C. A database schema redesign tool D. A code version control system Answer: B Explanation: A test harness includes drivers, stubs, and utilities needed to run automated tests and collect outcomes. Question 58. Which of the following is a common reason for “flaky” test failures in system testing? A. Deterministic business logic B. Hard-coded test data that matches production C. Dependency on external services with variable response times D. Use of static analysis tools Answer: C Explanation: Tests that rely on external services can fail intermittently due to network latency or service instability, causing flakiness.
